• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

This paper introduces a new concept of automation for bio-production with tele-operative system. The proposed system showed practical and feasible way of automation for the volatile bio-production process. Based on the proposition, recognition of the job environment with object identification was performed using computer vision system. A man-machine interactive hybrid decision-making, which utilized a concept of tele-operation was proposed to overcome limitations of the capability of computer in image processing and feature extraction from the complex environment image. Identifying watermelons from the outdoor scene of the cultivation field was selected to realize the proposed concept. Identifying watermelon from the camera image of the outdoor cultivation field is very difficult because of the ambiguity among stems, leaves, shades, and especially fruits covered partly by leaves or stems. The analog signal of the outdoor image was captured and transmitted wireless to the host computer by R.F module. The localized window was formed from the outdoor image by pointing to the touch screen. And then a sequence of algorithms to identify the location and size of the watermelon was performed with the local window image. The effect of the light reflectance of fruits, stems, ground, and leaves were also investigated.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.545-553
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• 2020

Rainfall-Runoff modeling plays a crucial role in various aspects of water resource management. It helps significantly in resolving the issues related to flood control, protection of agricultural lands, etc. Various Machine learning and statistical-based algorithms have been used for this purpose. These techniques resulted in outcomes with an acceptable rate of success. One of the pertinent machine learning algorithms namely Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been reported to be a very effective tool for the purpose. However, the computational complexity of ANFIS is a major hindrance in its application. In this paper, we resolved this problem of ANFIS by incorporating one of the evolutionary algorithms known as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which was used in estimating the parameters pertaining to ANFIS. The results of the modified ANFIS were found to be satisfactory. The performance of this modified ANFIS is then compared with conventional ANFIS and another popular statistical modeling technique namely ARIMA model with respect to the forecasting of runoff. In the present investigation, it was found that proposed PSO-ANFIS performed better than ARIMA and conventional ANFIS with respect to the prediction accuracy of runoff.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1992

To develop the wireless remote opreating system of walking rice transplanter, this study was carried out for manufacturing the wireless remote control system acting upon the transplanter. The first report of this study contained about the construction and operating method of a developed remote control system for 2-row walking type transplanter. It is the second report about the field test for an experimental transplanter being attached a wireless control system and for a conventional transplanter. The test was executed to investigate the characteristics of velocity, rectilinearity, turning time, interval of roots and of rows, and field capacity in accordance with various engine speeds for an experimental transplanter. The measurements of this test were compared with those of the conventional transplanter. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The operating velocity of the experimental transplanter was faster than the conventional one when the high speed range of the engine but the variances were very large. 2. The rectilinearity, interval of raws and of roots, and the turning time of the experimental transplanter was inferior to the conventional one at some speed ranges of the engine. 3. Field capacity of the experimental transplanter was superior to the conventional one at high speed of the engine. 4. There were some disadvantages for the experimental transplanter to operate, because it was constructed without any aid devices, such as float and hydraulic system for instance. But if the remote control system of this study equip at the modern walking transplanter, it will be improved and utilized without defects which was revealed from this test.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. Current direct seeding machines for rice in Korea drill irregularly under various operating conditions. This study was conducted to develope a precision seeder which enables the accurate, even-spaced in row placement of rice seeds at uniform depths of 3-4 cm on dry paddy. Design, construction and performance evaluation of the precision seeder were carried out. The tractor rear-mounted type 8-rows precision seeder which performs seeding in addition to fertilizing, ditching, and rotary tilling works on dry paddy was developed. Main components of the seeder were ditcher and leveller, rotary tiller, powered roller type furrow opener, seeding device, powered roller type furrow covering and firming device, hydraulic unit, seeding speed control system, power transmission system, hitch and frame. Ditching, furrow opening, and seed covering and firming performances were good and seeding depths of 2-4 cm could be maintained. Planting accuracies and planting precisions were within 13.6%, and 31.2%, respectively, for planting space of 15 cm, and seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s. These mean variations of average planting space were within 2.1 cm, and 90% of seeds in a hill were seeded within 4.7 cm of hill length, respectively. Error ratios between setting planting space and measured average planting space were shown within 6.7%. Therefore the seeder showed good planting performance up to seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s in field tests. And field capacity of the seeder was about 0.28 ha/hour.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제8권
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• pp.107-113
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• 1990

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 고성능(高性能) 농약(農藥) 살포기인 스피드 스프레이어에 있어서 농약(農藥)살포 시(時) 인체(人體)에 해로운 농약(農藥)으로부터 오퍼레이터를 보호(保護)하기 위하여 무인(無人) 운전(運轉) 연구(硏究)의 일환(一環)으로 원칩 마이크로 컴퓨터를 이용(利用)하여 원격조종(遠隔操縱) 변속장치(變速裝置)를 개발(開發)할 목적(目的)으로 수행(遂行)한 연구(硏究)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 要約(요약)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시작(試作)한 원칩 마이크로 컴퓨터를 이용(利用)한 원격조종(遠隔操縱) 변속장치(變速裝置)는 변속조작(變速操作) 100회(回) 중(中) 오동작(吳動作)이 전무(全無)하여 조작성(操作性)이 정확(正確)하였다. 2. 使用된 원칩 마이크로 컴퓨터의 프로그램은 기계어(機械語)로 작성(作成)되었으며, 변속조작(變速操作) 시간(時間)이 3초(初) 이내(以內)로 사람에 의한 변속조작(變速操作) 시간(時間)과 거의 같았다. 3. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에 사용(使用)한 원칩 마이크로 컴퓨터는 지금까지 자동화(自動化) 장치(裝置)에 많이 도입(導入) 사용(使用)하던 퍼스널 컴퓨터, 랩탑 컴퓨터, 원 보오도 컴퓨터 등과 비교하여 볼 때 극소형(極小型)으로 소비전력(消費電力)이 작으며 염가(廉價)이기 때문에 농업용(農業用)으로 적합(適合)하다고 사료(思料)된다. 4. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에 사용(使用)된 변속장치(變速裝置)는 승용(乘用) 농업기계(農業機械)와 같은 형식(形式)의 것이므로 농업용(農業用) 트렉터 및 포장기계(圃場機械)의 자동화(自動化) 기계(機械)에도 적용(適用)될 것으로 판단(判斷)된다. 5. 본(本) 실험장치(實驗裝置)는 직접(直接)레버조작(操作) 및 원격조종(遠隔操縱)이 동시(同時)에 이루어지도록 제작(製作)하였기 때문에 구조적(構造的)으로 복잡(複雜)하나 직접(直接)레버 조작부(操作部)를 제거(除去)하고 원격조종부(遠隔操縱部)만 스피드 스프레이어에 장착(裝着)하면 더욱더 소형화(小型化) 되고 중량(重量)도 더 가벼워져 사용(使用)하기에 편리(便利)한 장치(裝置)가 될 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.569-577
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• 2000

The position of tobacco leaves is affluence to the quality. To evaluate its quality, sample leaves was collected according to the position of attachment. In Korea, the position was divided into four classes such as high, middle, low and inside positioned leaves. Until now, the grade of standard sample was determined by human expert from korea ginseng and tobacco company. Many research were done by the chemical and spectrum analysis using NIR and computer vision. The grade of tobacco leaves mainly classified into 5 grades according to the attached position and its chemical composition. In high and low positioned leaves shows a low level grade under grade 3. Generally, inside and medium positioned leaf has a high level grade. This is the basic research to develop a real time tobacco leaves grading system combined with portable NIR spectrum analysis system. However, this research just deals with position recognition and grading using the color machine vision. The RGB color information was converted to HSI image format and the sample was all investigated using the bundle of tobacco leaves. Quality grade and position recognition was performed through well known general error back propagation neural network. Finally, the relationship about attached leaf position and its grade was analyzed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

An Altari radish pre-processing system, which feasible to process automatically such operations as leaf and root tail cutting and root peeling, for kimchi production was accomplished based on the foregone serial studies. In this study, the performances of the developed prototype machine, considered as a commercializing level, were analyzed and evaluated. The prototype machine attached Tiny PLC automatic control system was performed the sequent function as the rate of successful peeling was more than 98% for the Altari radish less than 70 mm diameter of a radish. The operating efficiency of this was 9 see/each, 128 kg/h, and it means as much as $5{\sim}6$ times that of a woman labor's. The sanitation and taste of the mechanized-processed Altari radish kimchi was almost same as that of the handmade. And they were suitable for manufactory of kimchi as the both short term ripening and storing kimchi. Developed machinery with one peeling device and two peeling devices that compared with hand processing, it was analyzed that the break-even yearly working days were 28 days and 19 days, and the break-even yearly processing amount were 28,700 kg, 32,400 kg, respectively.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.124-131
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• 2000

In this study, the NEURAL NETWORK (hereinafter referred to as NN) was applied to control of the nonlinear factors for turning movement of the crawler vehicle and experiment was carried out using a small model of crawler vehicle in order to inspect an application of NN. Furthermore, CHAOS NEURAL NETWORK (hereinafter referred to as CNN) was also applied to this control so as to compare with conventional NN. CNN is especially effective for plane in many variables with local minimum which conventional NN is apt to fall into, and it is relatively useful to nonlinear factors. Experiment of turning on the slope of crawler vehicle was performed in order to estimate an adaptability of nonlinear problems by NN and CNN. The inclination angles of the road surface which the vehicles travel on, were respectively 4deg, 8deg, 12deg. These field conditions were selected by the object for changing nonlinear magnitude in turning phenomenon of vehicle. Learning of NN and CNN was carried out by referring to positioning data obtained from measurement at every 15deg in turning. After learning, the sampling data at every 15deg were interpolated based on the constructed learning system of NN and CNN. Learning and simulation programs of NN and CNN were made by C language ("Association of research for algorithm of calculating machine (1992)"). As a result, conventional NN and CNN were available for interpolation of sampling data. Moreover, when nonlinear intensity is not so large under the field condition of small slope, interpolation performance of CNN was a little not so better than NN. However, when nonlinear intensity is large under the field condition of large slope, interpolation performance of CNN was relatively better than NN.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2021

농경지, 농기계, 농작업자 간 IoT 등의 통신 기술을 이용한 유기적인 정보교환을 통해 생산성, 효율성, 수익성을 높이는 지능형 데이터 농업 형태인 커넥티드 팜이 상용화 단계에 있다. 본 연구는 지능형 농업기계의 교육과정과 농업기계 안전교육 성과지표를 개발하고자 ICT, 로봇, 인공지능 등 첨단 기술을 적용한 농업생산의 무인화 및 고효율화 변화에 따른 농업기계의 특허 동향을 조사 분석하였다. 노지용 자동화 기술과 관련해서 미국, 일본, 유럽, 한국의 특허 건수는 각각 541건, 326건, 128건, 85건으로 미국에서의 특허 활동이 가장 활발한 것으로 나타났고, 일본, 유럽, 한국의 순으로 조사되어 한국에서의 농업 자동화 기술이 선진국에 비해 뒤쳐져있는 것으로 조사되었다. 노지 자동화 기술의 세분기술 분야로 보면, 경로 생성 및 추종 기술, 환경 인식을 통한 작업기 제어 기술, 로봇 농작업 시스템 설계 기술, 작물 및 환경 센싱 기술, 수확량 및 품질 모니터링 기술 분야 순으로 출원 점유율이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2003

컴퓨터 시각 기술은 다양한 농작업 생력화에 있어 핵심적인 역할을 해왔다. 비록 컴퓨터 시각 기술이 광범위한 분야에 성공적으로 적용되고 있다고는 하지만 인간의 시각을 통한 인지 능력에 비하면 현재의 컴퓨터 시각 기술은 여전히 매우 미흡한 수준에 있다고 하겠다. 특히, 작업환경이 비구조적이고 가변적인 농작업 환경 하에서의 작업의 생력화는 이러한 기술적 문제를 극복하는 것이 작업의 성패를 좌우하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 원격작업 개념을 도입하여 작업자와 작업기계간의 호환적인 인터페이스를 구축하고 컴퓨터와 인간의 혼합형 의사결정 시스템을 구현하여 기존의 컴퓨터 시각 기술이 갖는 인지 처리 능력의 한계를 극복하는 시스템을 제안하였다. 시설재배에 요구되는 전정, 관수, 방제, 제초, 수확, 운반 등과 같은 다양한 작업들은 작업 대상체에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 수행된다. 특히 가변적인 자연 조명 환경 하에서 수박과 줄기 그리고 잎이 혼재되어 있는 재배현장의 영상으로부터 수박을 추출하여 그 위치 좌표를 산출하는 작업은 기술적으로 매우 어려운 작업이며 수박이 잎과 줄기로 덮혀 있는 경우 더욱 어려워진다. 제안한 개념을 구현하기 위하여 무선으로 수신되는 재배 현장의 수박 영상으로부터 수박을 인식하도록 하였다. 개발한 시스템은 작업자(농민), 컴퓨터 그리고 자동화 작업설비가 상대적으로 수월성을 갖는 기능을 중심으로 역할을 분담하도록 구축하였다 개발 시스템은 크게 무선원격 모니터링 및 작업제어 모듈, 무선원격 영상 획득 및 데이터 송수신 모듈, 작업자와 컴퓨터간의 인터페이스 모듈로 구성하였다 작업자는 RF 송수신 모듈을 통하여 무선으로 획득되어 터치 스크린에 보여지는 영상을 통하여 작업 지시를 하게 되고 이 작업 지시로부터 컴퓨터는 국부 영상처리 시퀀스를 통하여 수박을 추출하고 위치를 산출하게 된다. 개발한 인터페이스 시스템은 가변적이고 복잡한 작업 환경하에서 작업 대상체의 정보를 실시간으로 성공적으로 추출하였다. 제안한 원격작업 인터페이스 시스템은 다양한 생물생산 작업의 생력화를 촉진하는 중심적 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.