• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.2 s.31
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

This study attempts to develop an interim evaluation system for the Integrated Rural Village Cluster Development Project(IRVCDP) which can secure its identity and sustainability, and induce its early settlement, and to derive plans for its steady progress. The evaluation system consists of three levels. The highest-order level is evaluation purposes, which describe IRVCDP's goals. They are expansion of income bases(EIB), improvement of living environments(ILE), strengthening of regional capabilities(SRC) and constructing effective project operation system(CEPOS). The second level is evaluation items, which each characterize the relevant evaluation purposes. The last level is evaluation indices, which observe achievement f3r evaluation purposes. 22 evaluation indices are selected to satisfy the purposes of this study through a brainstorming process and a survey on opinions of experts for those evaluation purposes and evaluation items which are derived from analyzing the IRVCDP's properties. The relative importance of the evaluation indices selected are determined through the AHP analysis. The most intriguing result from the AHP analysis is that strengthening of regional capabilities is found to be the most important one among evaluation purposes. It can be said that this result is parallel to a ultimate goal of the IRVCDP.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2016

The objectives of this study are to analyze the characteristics of multi-cultural families in rural areas and to classify their types by applying multi-variate techniques and cluster analyses. Data for the study were obtained by a surveying 120 married migrant females in rural areas of Chungchengnam-do, South Korea. By utilizing the factor analysis to analyze the characteristics of multi-cultural families, 16 basic variables related to these female subjects were categorized into 6 factors: 'marriage length and age', 'language skill of migrant female', 'language skill of husband', 'family satisfaction', 'income and education', and 'general living satisfaction in Korea with remittance'. By appling the cluster analysis, multi-cultural families in rural areas were divided into the following 5 types: 'stable settlement', 'average but stagnant', 'below average yet positive', 'high- income with little communication', and 'young low-income'. In all types, it is strongly recommended to develop various programs regarding vocational education for the migrant females in order to increase their economic opportunities as well as social status.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.27-31
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• 1999

The internal transcribed spacer II regions (ITS II) of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat from Coprinus spp. were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences from 11 species including Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. lagopus, C. cinereus, C. rhizophorus, C. flocculosus, C. radians, and C. echinosporus were compared. The spacer regions of them were $253{\sim}275$ nucleotide in length and partially contained 5.8S and 25S. The reciprocal homologies of each ITS II sequence among these strains were in the range of $50.6{\sim}100%$. According to the analysis of ITS II sequences, Coprinus spp. were classified into three clusters. Cluster I consisted of Coprinus lagopus, C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, C. niveus, and C. atramentarius. Cluster II comprised C. micaceus, C. flocculosus, C. radians, and C. disseminatus. On the other hand C. comatus is in Cluster III even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. These results suggest that Coprinus comatus, which was considered as a type species of the genus Coprinus in morphological classification, gives a doubt of monophyletic evolution and is assumed to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.190-193
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• 2011

Organic and chemical fertilizer amendments are an important agricultural practice for increasing crop yields. In order to maintain the soil sustainability, it is important to monitor the effects of fertilizer applications on the shift of soil microorganism, which control the cycling of many nutrients in the soils. Here, culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches were used to analyze the soil microorganism and community structure under six fertilization treatments, including green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK +pig mature compost, NPK and control. Both organic and chemical fertilizers caused a shift of the cultural microorganism CFUs after treatments. Bacterial CFUs of the organic fertilization treatments were significantly higher than that of chemical fertilization treatments. The DGGE profiles of the bacterial communities of the samples showed that the green manure treatment was a distinct difference in bacterial community, with a greater complexity of the band pattern than other treatments. Cluster analyses based on the DGGE profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar banding pattern and clustered together firstly. Rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK +pig manure compost and control clustered together in other sub-cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using four Indonesian native chicken breeds; Kampung, Bangkok, Pelung and Kedu. Gene frequencies of four blood group (A, B, D and E) and eight electrophoretic loci (akp, Akp-2, Es-1, Amy-1, Alb, Tf, Pas and Pa-1) were examined. Geographical and breed specific trends in the gene frequencies were not found in the local population of Kampung breed or in four native breeds. The values of average heterozygosity were estimated as 0.35-0.45. Genetic distances among the local populations of Kampung breed and other native breeds were comparatively small. In a cluster analysis, the Bangkok breed and Kampung E population showed distance from another cluster. The coefficient of gene differentiation for local populations of Kampung breed was estimated as 0.099.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.328-336
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• 1999

Isozyme comparisons of mycelial extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus were undertaken using isoelectric focusing. Enzyme isozyme patterns were Used to describe the extent of geographical diversity and degree of intraspecific variation in these extracts. A total of 77 bands were resolved from six different enzymes. Cluster analyses were performed using the zymograms for esterase (EST), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), peroxidase (POX), and phosphoglucomutase (pGM). EST gave multiple banding patterns, while less variability was observed for GPI, MDH, and PGM. Cluster analyses demonstrated that strains of P. ostreatus from geographically different origins are genetically divergent, supporting the idea that there is little or no gene flow between these geographically distant population groups.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.459-464
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• 2011

A simplified model for the colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) nanocluster was developed from an active role of phosphate in the precipitation of casein (CN)/Ca mixtures and the composition of casein micelles (CM). The possible shape of the CCP nanocluster was selected as a tetrahedron, and we estimated that 4 CN molecules were involved in crosslinking a single CCP nanocluster. Similar values were obtained for the number of CN molecules involved in stabilizing the nanocluster when the number of CNs attached onto each nanocluster surface was deduced from the composition of CM. If one phosphoserine cluster consisted of 3 phosphoserine residues, the theoretical molecular weight and volume for the nanocluster were estimated to be 4,898 g/mol and 2.88 $nm^3$, respectively. It was also shown that the position of Ca present in our model were reasonably located to accommodate the serine phosphate in CN molecule.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.852-859
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• 2020

The muscle stem cells of domestic animals are of interest to researchers in the food and biotechnology industries for the production of cultured meat. For producing cultured meat, it is crucial for muscle stem cells to be efficiently isolated and stably maintained in vitro on a large scale. In the present study, we aimed to optimize the method for the enrichment of pig muscle stem cells using a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system. Pig muscle stem cells were collected from the biceps femoris muscles of 14 d-old pigs of three breeds [Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc (LYD), Berkshire, and Korean native pigs] and cultured in skeletal muscle growth medium-2 (SkGM-2) supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Approximately 30% of total cultured cells were nonmyogenic cells in the absence of purification in our system, as determined by immunostaining for cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56) and CD29, which are known markers of muscle stem cells. Interestingly, following MACS isolation using the CD29 antibody, the proportion of CD56⁺/CD29⁺ muscle stem cells was significantly increased (91.5±2.40%), and the proportion of CD56 single-positive nonmyogenic cells was dramatically decreased. Furthermore, we verified that this method worked well for purifying muscle stem cells in the three pig breeds. Accordingly, we found that CD29 is a valuable candidate among the various marker genes for the isolation of pig muscle stem cells and developed a simple sorting method based on a single antibody to this protein.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2017

Stable stand establishment is pre-requisite in direct rice seeding system for obtaining optimal yield of rice crop in rain-fed and waterlogged areas. Anaerobic condition on waterlogged soil causes low germination which significantly reduces crop yield. Due to low availability of tolerant genetic material for anaerobic germination, there is urgent need to evaluate rice germplasm for better germinability under anaerobic conditions. Seeds of the 185 rice accessions were evaluated for germination vigor and coleoptile length under anaerobic conditions. The variation among germplasm was tested for significance using analysis of variance and various multivariate components. Significant level of variation was observed among all accessions for germination vigor and coleoptiles length. Although highest mean values for coleoptiles length (2.1cm) and germination rate (60%) were observed in japonica accessions but maximum coleoptile length (4.68cm) and germination rate (96%) was found in indica genotype CO18. A highly significant and positive correlation was also observed between germination vigor and coleoptiles length, which signify the importance of elongated coleoptile under anaerobic conditions. The PCA analysis illustrated that 97.24% variation was accounted by PC1 while PC2 and PC3 explained 2.54% and 0.24% variation for germination vigor and coleoptile length. PCA scattered plot divided the accessions in four various groups. All AG tolerant accessions were included in group I. Likewise in the case of cluster analysis, two major clades (I and II) were formed. All accessions showing >40% germination rate were included in clade I, whereas all other accessions with <40% germination rate were grouped in clade II. Further more highly tolerant accessions (>80% germination) were grouped in sub-cluster IA.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.220-231
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• 2017

Grafting using a pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) rootstock is an effective way to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus) resistance to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses. We evaluated the tolerance of 15 pumpkin cultivars to chilling, salinity, and combined stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Selected plant characteristics, including germination rate, germination potential, germination index, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight, were analyzed. We used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean for cluster analyses to determine the stress tolerance levels of the pumpkin cultivars. The 15 cultivars were divided into three clusters: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to stress treatments. The stress tolerances of all cultivars were variable in the germination and seedling stages, and most cultivars were not tolerant to individual treatments of chilling or salinity stresses at both stages. These results suggest that identifying suitable cultivars for use as rootstock during cucumber grafting should involve the evaluation of stress tolerance during different growth stages. Additionally, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress may not be tolerant to salinity stress; therefore, the choice of pumpkin rootstock should depend on where the grafted plant will be grown. Cultivars tolerant to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses may be useful as rootstock for cucumber grafting. Our findings may serve as reference material for choosing appropriate pumpkin rootstocks for cucumber grafting.