• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.834-840
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• 2010

The Sound reduction indices(SRIs) of interior door with 13 different size apertures are measured in acoustic chamber. Also, as a theoretical approach, the SRIs are estimated using Gomperts' theory. In this study, the aperture of interior door is focused on the lower part of door leaf which is well known as a main cause to deteriorate the sound insulation performance of door. The results show that the SRI of door strongly depends on the aperture width and the dip in the measured sound reduction index curve by the resonance effect within aperture is observed at high-frequency. On the whole, the values calculated by theory are in good agreement with the measured values including the position of resonance dip. The average difference between the measured and the calculated values is 0.9 dB for 13 doors with different size aperture in terms of the weighted SRI.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1995

SiO thin films are deposited by evaporator the refractive index of wave length, photon energy and the absorptive rate of these films are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometer. It is derived the absorptive rate and permitivity of SiO thin films from the equations that calculating the refractive index. And the result show good agreement with the calculated values and experimental values. As a result, the wave length of light is increased in the condition that the angle of incidence is fixed on SiO thin film, the basic absorption and the absorption impurities are found in the low wave length (below 450 nm in this study) and the reflective absorption and conductive absorption is increased by the form of exponential function over the low wavelength. The absorptive rate is increased by increased the angle of incidence and thickness of SiO film for the insulating layer. As the thickness of SiO film is increased, the value of complex permitivity is decreasing and as wave length of incidence is increased., the value of dielectric is linearly increasing.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.225-227
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• 2009

A new planar metamaterial (MTM) with simultaneous negative values of permittivity (${\varepsilon}$) and permeability (${\mu}$) is proposed. Our MTM is composed of two identical copper patterns etched on both sides of dielectric laminate, which is very thin and easy to fabricate. Unlike conventional MTMs, the proposed structure shows a negative refractive index (NRI) behavior with respect to a normally incident wave. To explain the underlying principle of the NRI characteristics, an equivalent resonant circuit model based on surface current density distribution is investigated. An eigenmode analysis and a three-dimensional wave simulation for the stacked MTM prism are also performed to verify the existence of negative refraction. The experimental results from the transmission and reflection measurement ensure the validity of our design approach and show good agreement with the theoretically predicted effective medium parameters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 1994

Six physical properties (molecular weight, heat capacity, side chain weight, side chain volume, standard entropy and partial molar volume) of amino acids, peptides and their derivatives were examined by molecular modeling techniques. The molecular connectivity index, Wiener distance index and ad hoc descriptor are employed as structural parameters to encode information about branching, size, cyclization, unsaturation, heteroatom content and polarizability. This paper examines the correlation of the molecular modeling techique's parameters and the physicochemical properties of amino acids and their derivatives. As a result, calculated values were in agreement with experimental data in the above six physical properties of amino acids, peptides and their derivatives and the molecular connectivity index was superior to the other indices in fitting the calculated data.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-80
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• 1996

AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) on NOAA satellite provides data in five spectral, one in visible range, one in near infrared and three in thermal range. In this paper, application of NOAA/AVHRR data is studied for environment monitoring such as cloud top temperature, surface temperature, albedo, sea surface temperature, vegetation index, forest fire, flood, snow cover and so on. The analyses for cloud top temperature, surface temperature, albedo, sea surface temperature, vegetation index and forest fire showed reasonable agreement. But monitoring for flood and snow cover was uneasy due to the limitations such as cloud contamination, low spatial resolution. So this research had only simple purpose to identify well-defined waterbody for dynamic monitoring of flood. Based on development of these basic algorithms, we have a plan to further reseach for environment monitoring using AVHRR data.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.377-382
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of plaque scoring system using new Qraycam (All in One Bio, Korea) device which enables plaque score without tooth disclosing. This study measured Quigley-Hein index and plaque control record by both Qraycam and disclosing agent on 64 elderly people and checked degree of congruence between the two methods. Reliability was evaluated with the mean of measured values, kappa index and intraclass correlation coefficient statistical analysis. The analysis of the plaque scores showed a high agreement between the measured values according to the method of measurement and the measured part. The mean of plaque index of anterior labial were not significantly different according to measurement method. The kappa index was higher by Qraycam and tooth disclosing method of plaque index. Therefore, it was verified that Qraycam has sufficient reliability as screening tool for plaque scoring system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.343-346
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• 2012

Two methods of identifying smokers with high nicotine dependence, the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) and number of cigarettes per day (CPD) were compared with the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). The HSI, CPD and the FTND were administered to 316 adult Malaysian male, daily smokers aged between 25-64 years old in the Malaysian NCD Surveillance-1 Survey using a two-stage stratified random sampling of enumeration blocks and living quarters, via an interview based on a validated questionnaire. The cut-off point for classification of high nicotine dependence on the HSI was a score of four or higher, and for the heavy smoking category, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. Classification using each method was compared with classification by the FTND (score of six or more) as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistics for concordance between both measures and the FTND were evaluated. The HSI gave a similar prevalence rate of high nicotine dependence as the FTND. There was substantial agreement between the HSI and the FTND (kappa=0.63.), with moderate sensitivity (69.8%) and high specificity (92.5%). However, prevalence of high nicotine dependence using the CPD was 7% lower than the FTND. The heavy smoking category also showed fair agreement with the FTND (kappa=0.45) and moderate sensitivity (67.0%), but specificity was high (86.9%). The findings indicate that the HSI can be used as an alternative to the FTND in screening for high nicotine dependence among daily smokers in large population-based studies, while CPD may not be a suitable alternative to the FTND.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.483-497
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• 2014

Objectives: The aims of study were developing cut-off value of Yin-deficiency questionnaire (YDQ) for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency (YD) and compare diagnostic ability between YDQ and Yin-deficiency scale score (YDS) in xerostomia patients. Methods: We recruited 58 xerostomia patients. They were diagnosed YD or non-YD by 3 Korean medicine doctors (KMD). We assessed YD using YDQ and YDS. We evaluated xerostomia using VAS, Dry Mouth Symptom Questionnaire (DMSQ), Salivary Flow Rate (SFR), oral moisture on buccal mucosa and tongue surface (OMB and OMT). We surveyed tongue coatings using Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI). Results: We diagnosed 23 patients YD and 35 patients non-YD. There were no significant differences of age, sex and body mass index between the YD and non-YD groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of YDQ was defined as 304. Sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of YDQ were 86.96%, 71.43% and 1.5839 respectively. Using Cohen's coefficient of agreement, we found that degree of agreement between KMD and YDQ diagnosis was moderate (${\kappa}$=0.524, p<0.001). Using Pearson's correlation analysis, we found concurrent validity of YDQ and YDS were significant correlated. Using area under curve value, we found diagnostic ability between YDQ and YDS were not significantly different (p=0.505), but there were more strong correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDQ (r=0.731, p<0.001) than correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDS (r=0.418, p<0.01). Conclusions: The cut-off value of YDQ can diagnose YD in xerostomia and diagnostic ability of YDQ in xerostomia is better than YDS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.311-314
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• 2015

Purpose: This study attempted to determine intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability for measurement of foot form using the FPI-6 (Foot Posture Index) in patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke. Methods: Twenty two stroke patients were recruited into the research and their foot posture was evaluated using the FPI. Two raters assessed 6 items sequentially in accordance with the FPI-6 manual. This procedure involved asking the subject to take several steps in-place, prior to settling into a comfortable stance position with double limb support. Subjects were instructed to stand still with their arms by their sides and look straight ahead. FPI-6 values ranged from -2 to +2 for each of the six criteria and from -12 to +12 for the total score, indicating a position for each foot either along the supinated (negative score) to pronated (more than +6) continuum of foot posture. Results: The results showed that intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability for a total FPI-6 score was high: 0.807-0.888. An almost perfect agreement between the two raters was identified in the foot's morphological classification (Somer's D=0.712; p<0.05). Intra-percentage agreement was high (88.6%). Conclusion: The FPI-6 is a quick, simple, and reliable clinical tool with demonstrated good to excellent intra-rater reliability and good inter-rater reliability when used in assessment of the stroke patient's foot.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.299-311
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• 2015

We report first results from KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) VLBI observations obtained in the frame of our Plasma-physics of Active Galactic Nuclei (PAGaN) project. We observed eight selected AGN at 22 and 43 GHz in single polarization (LCP) between March 2014 and April 2015. Each source was observed for 6 to 8 hours per observing run to maximize the uv coverage. We obtained a total of 15 deep high-resolution images permitting the identification of individual circular Gaussian jet components and three spectral index maps of BL Lac, 3C 111 and 3C 345 from simultaneous dual-frequency observations. The spectral index maps show trends in agreement with general expectations – flat core and steep jets – while the actual value of the spectral index for jets shows indications for a dependence on AGN type. We analyzed the kinematics of jet components of BL Lac and 3C 111, detecting superluminal proper motions with maximum apparent speeds of about 5c. This constrains the lower limits of the intrinsic component velocities to ~ 0.98c and the upper limits of the angle between jet and line of sight to ~20°. In agreement with global jet expansion, jet components show systematically larger diameters d at larger core distances r, following the global relation d ≈ 0.2r, albeit within substantial scatter.