• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-127
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• 2021

Objectives: To review and analyze clinical and preclinical evidence of effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanisms of yokukansan (YKS), a herbal medicine, in alleviating aggression. Methods: Classical records on YKS were searched in the Korean Traditional Medicine Knowledge Database (KTMKD). By searching five electronic databases, prospective clinical studies and preclinical studies of YKS for alleviating aggression/agitation published up to March 30, 2021 were included. Results: Only two classical records on YKS were found from the KTMKD. A total of 11 clinical studies and 15 preclinical studies were found from the five electronic databases. Among 11 clinical studies, seven enrolled patients with dementia and four enrolled patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Most clinical studies reported significant improvement in one or more outcomes related to aggression in the YKS group after treatment. Among 15 preclinical studies, all studies except two reported a significant decrease in aggression/agitation-related behavior of YKS or yokukansankachimpihange. Suggested underlying mechanisms of YKS or yokukansankachimpihange for aggression/agitation in these studies included regulation of serotonin receptor, amelioration of abnormal glucocorticoid level related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulation of orexin secretion, amelioration of degeneration in brain cells including glia cells, and suppression of excessive glutamatergic or dopaminergic activity. Conclusions: There were some clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of YKS for alleviating aggression. Given that aggression is the most frequent and destructive symptoms of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, applicability of YKS as a herbal medicine should be further investigated in future high-quality research.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.12.1-12.10
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• 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of different methods of irrigant agitation on smear layer removal in the apical third of curved mesial canals of 3 dimensionally (D) printed mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: Sixty 3D-printed mandibular second molars were used, presenting a 70° curvature and a Vertucci type II configuration in the mesial root. A round cavity was cut 2 mm from the apex using a trephine of 2 mm in diameter, 60 bovine dentin disks were made, and a smear layer was formed. The dentin disks had the adaptation checked in the apical third of the teeth with wax. The dentin disks were evaluated in environmental scanning electron microscope before and after the following irrigant agitation methods: G1(PIK Ultrasonic Tip), G2 (Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation with Irrisonic- PUI), G3 (Easy Clean), G4 (HBW Ultrasonic Tip), G5 (Ultramint X Ultrasonic tip), and G6 (conventional irrigation-CI) (n = 10). All groups were irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Results: All dentin disks were 100% covered by the smear layer before treatment, and all groups significantly reduced the percentage of the smear layer after treatment. After the irrigation protocols, the Ultra-X group showed the lowest coverage percentage, statistically differing from the conventional, PIK, and HBW groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among Ultramint X, PUI-Irrisonic, and Easy Clean (p > 0.05). None of the agitation methods could remove the smear layer altogether. Conclusions: Ultramint X resulted in the most significant number of completely clean specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.16-23
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• 2012

This study has been conducted to scrutinize agitation effects of an ultrasonic standing wave on the dynamic behavior of methane/air premixed flame. The propagating flame was caught by high-speed Schlieren images, through which local flame velocities of the moving front were analyzed in unprecedent detail. It is revealed that the propagation velocity agitated by the ultrasonic standing wave is greater than that without agitation at the stoichiometric ratio: the velocity enhancement diminishes as the equivalence ratio approaches upper flammability limit or lower flammability limit. Also, vertical locations of the wave-affected frontal distortions do not vary appreciably, unless the propagating-mode characteristics (pressure amplitude and driving frequency) of ultrasonic standing wave were not changed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.511-514
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• 2007

Gas hydrate has a unique property that can store a large volume of gas in water as a solid form. Even though investigations for natural gas storage technology have been carried out for several decades, there are still a lot of unsolved problems due to complex formation process, low formation speed, high energy consumption and so on. So, lots of experiments were conducted to overcome these weaknesses and to develop artificial NGH formation technology applicable to industrial-scale storage and commercial transport. In this study, some series of experiments were performed to analyze both stirred and unstirred system especially about the influences of several gas hydrate formation factors such as agitation speed, system temperature, SDS concentration, etc. As a result, optimum range of SDS concentration and temperature that could enhance the storage capacity and shorten the formation time were found. And it is obviously presented that SDS such a kind of surfactant promotes gas hydrate formation dramatically and the quantity of stored gas are proportional to agitation speed in stirred system.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2012

Decolourization potential of white rot fungal organism, coriolus versicolor, was investigated in a batch reactor, for textile dye industry wastewater. The influence of process parameters like pH, temperature, agitation speed and dye wastewater concentration on the decolourization of textile dye wastewater was examined by using Response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum decolourization was attained at: pH- 6.8, temperature - $27.9^{\circ}C$, agitation speed - 160 rpm and dye wastewater concentration - 1:2. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results it was found that, the linear effect of agitation speed and dye wastewater concentration were significant for the decolourization of textile dye wastewater. At these optimized condition, the maximum decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was found to be 64.4% and 79.8% respectively. Various external carbon sources were tried to enhance the decolourization of textile dye wastewater. It was observed that the addition of carbon source enhances the decolourization of textile dye wastewater. Kinetics of textile dye degradation process was studied by first order and diffusional model. From the results it was found that the degradation follows first order model with $R^2$ value of 0.9430.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.573-580
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze intubation survival rates according to characteristics and to identify the risk factors affecting deliberate self-extubation. Methods: Data were collected from patients' electronic medical reports from one hospital in B city. Participants were 450 patients with endotracheal intubation being treated in intensive care units. The collected data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimation, Log rank test, and Cox's proportional hazards model. Results: Over 15 months thirty-two (7.1%) of the 450 intubation patients intentionally extubated themselves. The patients who had experienced high level of consciousness, agitation. use of sedative, application of restraints, and day and night shift had significantly lower intubation survival rates. Risk factors for deliberate self-extubation were age (60 years and over), unit (neurological intensive care), level of consciousness (higher), agitation, application of restraints, shift (night), and nurse-to-patient ratio (one nurse caring for two or more patients). Conclusion: Appropriate use of sedative drugs, effective treatment to reduce agitation, sufficient nurse-to-patient ratio, and no restraints for patients should be the focus to diminish the number of deliberate self-extubations.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2014

The conventional methods for total residual chlorine such as iodometry and DPD colorimetric can cause secondary pollution due to additional agents, also have a wide error range. As for alternative, electrochemical method can measure TRC(Total residual chlorine), and is not required as additional agents, also very suitable for using the fields of ballast water because test time is relatively fast. Therefore, this study was investigated for changing charge by agitation, salt concentration, and temperature change. Charge showed differences based on changes of reduction peak with or without agitation. In contrast, TRC and charge were well correlated in constant agitation speed. As TRC and charge were analyzed with high correlations in constant salinity and temperature of ocean, thereby conductivity was firstly measured, and charge had high correlation for TRC in spite of changing salinity and temperature Pt electrode revealed high reliability ($r^2=0.960$) because it was rarely effected by TRC, On the other hand, Au electrode appeared inadequate ($r^2=0.767$) to use sensor in less than 1.0 ppm of TRC. For high accuracy and detection of TRC, Pt and Au electrodes for test time were, respectively, 14 and 22 seconds. As a result, Pt electrode was more valuable than Au electrode in terms of response time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1985

The extraction rate of lipids from the chopped whole fish was studied with various solvents. Factors which can influence on the extraction rate such as temperature, moisture content, agitation speed and solvent were also examined. In the early stage of extraction, it is considered that the rapid extraction was attributed to cell destruction which occurs in chopping the whole fish and in the later stage, the extraction rate was increased linearly with extraction time. The effect of agitation on the extraction rate had a great influence on the early stage of extraction. In agitation speed of 100, 200, 300 and 500 r.p.m. the slopes of extraction curve were -0.075, -0.075, -0.069 and -0.064, respectively. Extractability between hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvent showed a great difference. It is suggested that extractability difference between acetone and isopropyl alcohol is due to acetone property which can not extract phospholipids in polar lipids. Extractability of lipids was increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing moisture content.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

Nightsoil and brewery sludges usually contain a high concentration of organic matters. A composting study using reactors was carried out for the recycle of brewery wastewater sludge and nightsoil treatment sludge, which have been landfilled. A good composting process was obtained with a sludge mixing ratio of 1:1 and injual pH had no effect on temperature increase related to microbial activity. The injtial C/N ratio at approximarely 15 decreased to 13 without the increase in pH.. It was found that agitation of one time a week provided the most effective composting process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.812-817
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• 2003

In the first stage, strawberry wine was manufactured in 14$^{\circ}$Brix initial sugar content, for 50 hr at 28$^{\circ}C$ using Saccharomyces kluyeri DJ97. In the second stage, the acetic acid fermentation conditions for maximun acidity (4.60%) were 1.48% initial acidity and 195.76 rpm in agitation rate for 7.34 day. The fermentation conditions for maximun Hunter color a value were 1.78% initial acidity and 117.63 rpm in agitation rate for 7.35 day. Therefore, optimum acetic acid fermentation conditions were 1.5% initial acidity and 196 rpm in agitation rate for 176 hr using Acetobacter sp. PA97.