• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

This study examines factors related to the safety of housing for elderly people. Because of the diverse problems that may occur due to aging, elderly residents may have special needs related to housing. To identify relevant factors, first, focus group interviews were conducted with six individuals aged 65 or older. Then, a Delphi survey was conducted on experts; this survey consisted of a questionnaire on factors related to the safety of housing for elderly people. Issues to address in the questionnaire were identified in the focus group interviews and also through an examination of literature published domestically and overseas. In the Delphi survey, opinions were collected from the experts; these opinions were then revised, collated, and analyzed. The factors identified in these steps were verified using a content validity index. As a result, a total of seven primary factors - outdoor environment, entrance, indoor environment, living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, and restroom - and 23 sub-factors related to elderly people's housing safety were identified. The most frequently mentioned factors were indoor and outdoor stairs, safe flooring materials, and indoor thresholds. It is essential to identify the factors that most affect the safety of elderly people in their residences.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1483-1490
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• 2023

We analyzed the potential for joint utilization of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite imagery Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in crop assessment, considering the aging of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellites. Over 11 years from 2012 to 2022, we examined the characteristics of NDVI changes in corn and soybean cultivation areas in Illinois, USA. VIIRS and MODIS satellite imagery NDVI exhibited a high correlation coefficient of over 0.98. However, during periods of rapid crop growth or decline, VIIRS NDVI showed values approximately 0.12 to 0.14 higher than MODIS. Estimating crop anomaly classes based on NDVI, we observed similar trends in corn and soybean crop anomaly classes in 2018 and 2019. However, in 2022, there appeared to be a significant divergence in crop anomaly classes, suggesting the need for further investigation. The correlation coefficients between MODIS and VIIRS satellite imagery NDVI and corn and soybean yields were consistently high, exceeding 0.8, indicating the potential for quantity estimation using both MODIS and VIIRS satellite imagery. Specifically, for VIIRS NDVI, excluding the increasing trend in crop quantity estimation for soybeans enhanced the correlation, and compared to MODIS, it showed a consistently high correlation with quantity from approximately 16 days earlier, indicating the potential for early estimation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to explore whether there is a point within the range of physical impairment after which the cost of home care exceeds the cost of nursing home care among the elderly who require long-term care. The provision of long-term care for the elderly is a major health policy issue, in part due to the aging of the American population and dramatic increase in health care costs. The framework for this study was guided by Pollak's(1973)model of costs of alternative care settings for the elderly. This study used a retrospective, descriptive correlational design. Physical impairment was measured by the modified Index of Activities of Daily Living(Katz et al. 1963). Cost of care was measured by the average cost per patient per day. The sample for this study included 67 patients receiving long-term care at home from the Long-term Home Health Care Programs (LTHHCPs) and 67 patients receiving long-term care in nursing homes. Data were collected on patient characteristics. including activities of daily living and cognitive impairment. and on the number of physician visits. emergency room visits. and hospitalization from the patient records. For each patient. Medicaid cost data for home care services/or nursing home services were collected from the financial department of each home care agency or nursing home. The living costs and informal care costs were estimated for home care patients. The results indicated that the home care sample and the nursing home sample were similar in terms of gender. ethnic background. and marital status. The elderly patients in the home care sample were: however. younger and less physically impaired than those in the nursing home sample. The hypotheses of this study were supported: For elderly persons with physical impairment scores below 12(possible range of 0 to 14), cost of care was lower in home care than in the nursing home care setting. However, for elderly persons with physical impairment scores above 12. the cost of care was higher in home care than in the nursing home care setting. Thus. in this sample for elderly patients with extreme physical impairment, the cost of home care exceeded the cost of nursing home care.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-173
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the conditions of neighborhood facilities for the elderly, paying special attention to the accelerated aging phenomenon in rural areas of Korea. We contrived a new index to measure spatial accessibility for people aged over 65 years, and we analyzed spatial accessibility by focusing on community facilities: public bath facilities, beauty shops, rural public facilities, markets, big stores, and large-scale retail shops. The most outstanding spatial accessibility among community facilities was found with the rural public facilities thanks to governmental installing adequate facilities in the past, followed by the beauty shops and the public bath facilities. In contrast, spatial accessibility of the markets was in the lowest. Spatial accessibility of community facilities for the elderly exhibited high variability among the rural areas. We confirmed significant inequality of spatial accessibility in all facilities we studied. The areas that had better spatial accessibility diverse combinations of the facilities. The areas that had worse spatial accessibility were, on the whole, consistent with traditional undeveloped regions. In the near future rational planning of facilities will be needed to supply adequate accessibility in targeted areas which currently had low accessibility. In order to improve the spatial accessibility of neighborhood facilities, the most essential factor is to take into account the geographical distribution patterns of rural settlements.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2009

Aging is associated with decreased energy expenditure, thermogenesis and energy requirements. Maintenance of physical fitness of the elderly has been reported to reduce the rate at which the basal metabolic rate, muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and bone density deteriorate. Skeletal muscle disease is known to increase the risk of physical disability and psychological problems. This study was conducted to investigate changes in disability, emotional problems, body compositions, obesity indices and nutrient intake levels according to physical fitness with the elderly in rural areas. According to the results, physical fitness was negatively related with Activities of Daily Living(ADL, p<0.05), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL, p<0.001), Body Mass Index(BMI, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity(p<0.05), while it showed a positive correlation with the General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)(p<0.001) and nutrient intake(p<0.05). When changes in these factors were compared according to the range of quartile of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale(FAB Scale), GSES(Q1=35.3, Q2=43.5, Q3=53.2, Q4=51.9, p<0.001), BMI(Q1=36.1%, Q2=34.7%, Q3=33.2%, Q4=28.6%, p<0.01), abdominal obesity(Q1=1.02, Q2=0.99, Q3=0.97, Q4=0.94, p<0.001) and nutrient intake(Q1=71.1%, Q2=75.4%, Q3=80.6%, Q4=80.2%, p<0.05) differed significantly. Taken together, these results suggested that better physical fitness would lead to a reduction in negative factors including physical disability and obesity indices, but to an increase in positive factors such as GSES and nutrient intake. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of programs to promote the health of the elderly in a local society.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

Recently, as the function of largest supplier of biomass for "low carbon green growth", the necessity for systematic management of afforestation areas is emphasizing. The forestation of seedling, besides the afforestation cost itself, is required some additional follow-up management costs, like mowing and fertilizing of forestation area, and removal of bindweed. The mulching mat for afforestation seedlings is available for rooting of little seedlings as well as initial forestation expenses. Mulching technique is also used to control soil temperature and moisture by covering the surface of ground. In this study, the paper based-mulching film coated with biodegradable polymer and functional additive was specially produced using laboratory bar coater, and analyzed for its degradable behavior. Coating colors were prepared by dissolving PE (polyester) 80 % and PLA(polylactic acid) 20 % in chloroform and finally applied to handsheet prepared by preceding study conditions. Base paper and polymer-coated paper were artificially aged by 2 kinds of degradation methods, which are soil degradation by microorganism and light degradation by 257 nm UV wavelengths. Strength property, oxidation index and morphological property were evaluated by reduction rates of tensile strength, FTIR spectra ratio of carboxyl and carbonyl group and SEM micrograph. As these results, polymer coated-paper was superior to base paper in degradation behaviors, having results with lower reduction rate of strength properties.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

This paper introduce to improve the reliability of the expected service life and the insulation condition evaluation of the high voltage induction motors by assessing, comparing and analyzing the correlation between the dielectric properties of the off-line insulation diagnostic test and dielectric strength on the insulation breakdown test. The insulation diagnostic tests include insulation resistance, polarization index(P.I.), dissipation factor($tan{\delta}$), maximum partial discharges($Q_{max}$) and AC breakdown test. This study evaluated the correlation between insulation diagnostic test and AC breakdown test for stator winding of high voltage induction motor. On the basis of these test results, we expect that this study can be used for effectively assessing the results of insulation diagnostic tests for similar class induction motors in service at industrial field.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.103-115
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• 2006

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease associated with aging in the human population. This disease is characterized by the following 4 structural changes : Atrophy of the Cortex, Parasympathetic, and other neural cells, the existence of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and the accumulation of Senile plaques. NFTs and Senile plaques is known to be the index of this disease. Senile plaques disturbs the neutro transmission and depletes of Acetylcholine. So, Recovery of Acetylcholine is the primal objective for treating Alzheimer's disease. So, Inhibiting the activity of Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE), which causes the hydrolysus of acetylcholine into choline and acetate, can be seen as a key role for treating Alzheimer's disease. Increasing body of evidence has been demonstrated that Bee Venom Acupuncture (BV) could compete with complex protein involving in multiple step of $NF-_{\kappa}B$ activation and exert the anti -inflammatory potential of combined inhibition of the prostanoid and nitric oxide synthesis systems by inhibition of IKK and $NF-_{\kappa}B$. The effect of BV through behavioral tests after memory impairment induced by Scopolamine. We examined the improving effect of BV on the Scopolamine (1 mg/Kg, i.p.)-induced memorial impairment using passive avoidance response and water maze tests in the mice. BV (0.84, $1.67\;{\mu}g/ml$) reversed the Scopolamine-induced memorial impairment in dose dependent manner. This study therefore suggests that BV acupuncture method may be useful for prevention of development or progression of AD.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

This study examined whether Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is related to the reduction of specific memory among linguistic memory and visuospatial memory, and to identify the most predictive index for discriminating MCI from normal elderly. The subjects were analyzed for 189 elderly (103 healthy elderly, 86 MCI). The verbal memory was used by the Seoul Verbal Learning Test. visuospatial memory was measured using the Rey Complex Figure Test. As a result of multiple logistic regression, verbal memory and visuospatial memory showed significant predictive performance in discriminating MCI from normal elderly. On the other hand, when all the confounding variables were corrected, including the results of each memory test, the predictive power was significant in distinguishing MCI from normal aging only in the immediate recall of verbal memory, and the predictive power was not significant in the immediate recall of visuospatial memory. This result suggests that delayed recall of visuospatial memory and immediate recall of verbal memory are the best combinations to discriminate memory ability of MCI.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-60
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to approach for the flow analysis of changing central-place functions and basic demands between the central city and the small town. Under the rural society progressed, this study examines how the small town changes in the relation to the central city. The subject of study is based on changes in demand for retail and hospitality. The small town is providing basic demands and urban services primary for the rural in the settlement system. Because of the rural depopulation and the aging of society, Retail and hospitality in the rural is reducing of the facility followed. But the majority of related researches are stocks approach. These studies are useful to find out the characteristic of small town, but is difficult to consider the influence of the central city. In this situation after this study using the function index is set up a concept model, it examines for the basis of changes in demand for the small town. The result of the analysis is that the changes of retail and hospitality are more severe in the more small town than in the central city. Whereas the small town with a population decline is consistent with the reduced number of branches, Population growth in the central city is reduced to the number of the Number of branches. The central-place function has been strengthened in the central city. While the younger generation, recreation, etc. related retail are disappearing rapidly, the mainstream of small town is grocery, home improvement, restaurants.