• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.121-123
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• 2001

오늘날의 1세대 구매 에이전트는 상품의 전체 특징 변수(attribute)에 대해서보다는 주로 판매자들이 제시한 가격만 비교해서 구매 행위를 대행해 주고 있으며, 간혹 가격 이외의 변수에 대해 비교를 해주는 에이전트의 경우에도 협상(negotiation) 과정에서 전체 변수를 적절히 고려해주는 협상 모델은 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서, 전자 상거래의 협상 모델(negotiation model)을 가격 변수뿐만 아니라 상품의 전체 변수로 확장시켜 주는 것이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 또한 수많은 전자상거래 업체가 나타남에 여러 도메인간 에이전트 이동 기술과 도메인의 상품 특성에 따른 협상을 진행하는 적응적 에이전트의 필요성이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 유틸리티(utility)이론과 간결한 휴리스틱스(simple heuristics)에 바탕을 두어서 가격, 상품의 특성, 보장 기간, 서비스 정책 등에 대해서 협상을 벌이는 다중변수 에이전트 협상 프레임워크인 Pmart를 제시하고 이를 확장하여 다중 도메인에서 에이전트의 이동성을 보장하고, 각 도메인의 협상 특수 지식을 XML로 제공받아 적응성을 가지는 적응적 구매 에이전트를 제안한다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.6
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• pp.455-468
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose FAS model for establishing trust based on digital certificates in Grid security framework. The existing RBAC(Role Based Access Control) model is extended to provide permissions depending on the users‘ roles. The FAS model is designed for a system independent integrated Grid security by detailing and extending the fundamental architecture of user, role, and permission. FAS decides each user’s role, allocates access right, and publishes attribute certificate. FAS is composed of three modules: RDM, PCM, and CCM. The RDM decides roles of the user during trust negotiation process and improves the existing low level Grid security in which every single user maps a single shared local name. Both PCM and CCM confirm the capability of the user based on various policies that can restrict priority of the different user groups and roles. We have analyzed the FAS strategy with the complexity of the policy graph-based strategy. In particular, we focused on the algorithm for constructing the policy graph. As a result, the total running time was significantly reduced.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.150-161
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• 1999

This paper deals with the design and development of a real-time integrated communication architecture for heterarchical SFCS(Shop Floor Control System). In autonomous agent-based heterarchical SFCS, each functional unit of parts and resources is equipped with an intelligent controller (agent) that acts as the representative of the entity. The controllers communicate and negotiate with other controllers on a real-time basis through message passing and bidding protocol to achieve mutual agreements for task sharing. ICPL(Integrated Communication Protocol and Language) is proposed for this purpose. ICPL is a language and a protocol for supporting communication among intelligent controllers. Based on the speech act theory, this paper proposes a semantic description for ICPL that associates the description of the cognitive states of controllers with the use of language primitives (message_type). Semantics for the basic set of ICPL messages is described. Eventually, an ICPL-based communication architecture can provide the implementation of the distributed and heterarchical SFCS, and makes the intelligent controller transparent to the negotiation problem.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.6
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• pp.855-864
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• 2001

With the increasing importance and complexity of EC (Electronic Commerce) across the Internet, the need and expectation for intelligent software agents to support both consumers and suppliers through the whole process of EC are growing rapidly. To realize the intelligent EC. a multiagent based EC system. which includes foundational technologies such as the establishment of standard product ontology the definition of message and negotiation protocol and brockering, is required. In this paper we propose an intelligent EC System named ICOMA(Intelligent electronic CO mmerce system based on Multi-Agent) as an open infrastructure of multiagent-based EC. Concretely we have proposed. designed and implemented an architecture of multiagent-based EC system including 6-types of agents message protocol for inter-agent negotiation, personalized produst retrieval and filtering., We have confirmed the effectiveness of the system through experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.377-384
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• 2003

B2B EC에서 지능형 에이전트에 대한 요구의 증가와 함께 기업구매자가 직접 전자시장으로부터 구매하는 데스크탑 구매의 요구도 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 B2B 상에서 전자시장으로부터의 효율적인 구매를 지원하는 b-Cart 기반 에이전트 시스템의 설계 사례에 대해서 기술한다. b-Cart는 구매자가 소유하고 사용되는 구매자 사이트에 위치한 쇼핑카트로서, 본 논문에서는 B2B EC에서의 b-Cart 기반 에이전트 시스템의 요구 기능을 사용자식별(Identification), 사용자 다이알로그(User Dialog), 상품정보수집(Collection), 물품정보제거(Trashing), 개별 구매의사결정지원(Individual Purchase Decision Support), 조직 구매의사결정지원(Organizational Purchase Decision Support), 협상(Negotiation), 주문처리(Ordering), 지불처리(Payment), 진행사항 추적(Tracking), 구매기록(Recording), 전자구매시스템에 구매기록 전송(Record Transmission), 지식베이스에 새로운 지식 유지(Knowledge Maintenance)으로 정의하고, b-Cart 기반 에이전트 시스템의 메시지 인터페이스를 설계하고 시스템의 구조를 설계하여 프로토타입 시스템인 AgentB의 설계 사례를 소개한다. b-Cart 기반 에이전트시스템은 기업구매자의 전자시장으로부터 구매자 증가함에 따라 분산된 정보를 관리 해주고 통합적으로 구매처리를 해줄수 있는 효과적인 시스템이다. 향 후 B2B EC의 에이전트 시스템은 b-Cart를 기반으로 할 것으로 예측할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2001

Agent-mediated electronic markets have been a grow-ing area of agent research and developmen tin recent year. There exist a lot of e-commerce sites on the In-ternet(e.g. Priceline, com, Amazon, com etc). These e-commerce site have proposed new business models for effective and efficient commerce activity. Intelli-gent agents have been studied very widely in the field of artificial intelligence, For purpose of this paper, an agent can act autonomously and collaboratively in a network environment on behalf of its users. It is hard for people to effectively and efficiently monitor, buy, and sell at multiple e-commerce sites. If we intro-duce agent technologies into e-commerce systems, we can expect to further enhance the intelligence of their support. In this paper, we propose a new coopera-tion mechanism among seller agents based on exchang-ing their goods in our agent-mediated electronic market system. G-Commerce. On G-Commerce, seller agents and buyer agents negotiate with each other. In our model, seller agents cooperatively negotiate in order to effectively sell goods in stock. Buyer agents coopera-tively form coalitions in order to buy goods based an discount proices. Seller agent's negotiation goods. Our current experiments show that exchanging mechanism enables seller agents to effectively sell goods in stock. Also, we present the Pareto optimality of our exchang-ing mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 2004

As Electronic Commerce(EC) has been emerged and has developed, many researchers have tried to establish EC framework for automated contract and negotiation using agent technologies. Traditional researches, however, often had limitations. They often enforced the user's participations during the automated contract process of agents. They also could only consider a few of the user's requirements for a specific goods and did not have supported the procedures and methodologies for making the best contract. In this paper, we propose business model on EC based on multiagents to overcome the defects of the previous researches. We apply CSP techniques to brokerage process to satisfy various preferential requirements from the user. We also propose efficient negotiation mechanism using negotiation model of game theory. The contract candidates automatically negotiate and mediate in terms of their benefits through the proposed negotiation mechanism. For the optimal brokerage and automated negotiation, the agents process activities for contract on three layers, which are called competition layer, constraint satisfaction layer and negotiation layer in the proposed model. We also design the message driven communication protocol to support the automated contract among the agents. Finally, we have implemented prototype systems applying the proposed model and have shown the various experimental results for efficiency of the proposed model.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2010

The attending system is a medical system that allows doctors in clinics to use the extra equipment in hospitals-beds, laboratory, operating room, etc-for their patient's care under a contract between the doctors and hospitals. Therefore, the system is very beneficial in terms of the efficiency of the usage of medical resources. However, it is necessary to develop a strong support system to strengthen its weaknesses and supplement its merits. If doctors use hospital beds under the attending system of hospitals, they would be able to check a patient's condition often and provide them with nursing care services. However, the current attending system lacks delivery and assistance support. Thus, for the successful performance of the attending system, a networking system should be developed to facilitate communication between the doctors and nurses. In particular, the nursing records in the attending system could help doctors monitor the patient's condition and provision of nursing care services. A nursing record is the formal documentation associated with nursing care. It is merely a data repository that helps nurses to track their activities; nursing records thus represent a resource of primary information that can be reused. In order to maximize their usefulness, nursing records have been introduced as part of computerized patient records. However, nursing records are internal data that are not disclosed by hospitals. Moreover, the lack of standardization of the record list makes it difficult to share nursing records. Under the attending system, nurses would want to minimize the amount of effort they have to put in for the maintenance of additional records. Hence, they would try to maintain the current level of nursing records in the form of record lists and record attributes, while doctors would require more detailed and real-time information about their patients in order to monitor their condition. Therefore, this study developed a system for assisting in the maintenance and sharing of the nursing records under the attending system. In contrast to previous research on the functionality of computer-based nursing records, we have emphasized the practical usefulness of nursing records from the viewpoint of the actual implementation of the attending system. We suggested that nurses could design a nursing record dictionary for their convenience, and that doctors and nurses could confirm the definitions that they looked up in the dictionary through negotiations with intelligent agents. Such an agent-based system could facilitate networking among medical institutes. Multi-agent systems are a widely accepted paradigm for the distribution and sharing of computation workloads in the scientific community. Agent-based systems have been developed with differences in functional cooperation, coordination, and negotiation. To increase such communication, a framework for a multi-agent based system is proposed in this study. The agent-based approach is useful for developing a system that promotes trade-offs between transactions involving multiple attributes. A brief summary of our contributions follows. First, we propose an efficient and accurate utility representation and acquisition mechanism based on a preference scale while minimizing user interactions with the agent. Trade-offs between various transaction attributes can also be easily computed. Second, by providing a multi-attribute negotiation framework based on the attribute utility evaluation mechanism, we allow both the doctors in charge and nurses to negotiate over various transaction attributes in the nursing record lists that are defined by the latter. Third, we have designed the architecture of the nursing record management server and a system of agents that provides support to the doctors and nurses with regard to the framework and mechanisms proposed above. A formal protocol has also been developed to create and control the communication required for negotiations. We verified the realization of the system by developing a web-based prototype. The system was implemented using ASP and IIS5.1.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.797-802
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• 2023

In an environment where English is a foreign language, English learners can use AI voice chatbots in English-speaking practice activities to enhance their speaking motivation, provide opportunities for communication practice, and improve their English speaking ability. In this study, we propose a teaching-style AI voice chatbot that can be easily utilized by lower elementary school students and enhance their learning. To apply the Teachable Agent system to language learning, which is an activity based on tense, context, and memory, we proposed a new method of TA by applying the Teachable Agent to reflect the learner's English pronunciation and level and generate the agent's answers according to the learner's errors and implemented a Teachable Agent AI chatbot prototype. We conducted usability evaluations with actual elementary English teachers and elementary school students to demonstrate learning effects. The results of this study can be applied to motivate students who are not interested in learning or elementary school students to voluntarily participate in learning through role-switching.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

One of the most important aspects of the research on multi-agent systems is the definition of agent communication languages(ACLs) and the specification of a proper formal semantics of ACLs. In this paper, we propose an illocutionary effect-based FIPA-ACL semantics which overcomes the two traditional semantic approaches. The key idea of this new semantics is based on the semantic concepts of success and satisfaction conditions of illocutionary acts in speech act theory, and the common ground theory-based framework. As case studies using this new semantics, we define the primitive speech acts of FIPA-ACL such as inform and request. For the strengths of the proposed approach we illustrate our new semantics on an e-commerce agent purchase negotiation. Also, we compare this approach with two traditional semantic approaches for ACLs.