• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.404-418
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the trends in kimchi, vegetable, and fruit consumption among the Korean population and identify the factors associated with this consumption. The goal was to provide fundamental data for developing appropriate guidelines to increase kimchi consumption by understanding its characteristics. Methods: The analysis utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 1998 and 2020. A total of 81,680 adults, aged 30 years or older, were included in the trend analysis. For the analysis of factors associated with kimchi, vegetable, and fruit intake, a subgroup of 22,122 adults aged 30 years or older from the KNHANES (2016-2020) was divided into two groups: 30-64 years old and 65 years old or older. Since the KNHANES data employed a complex sampling design, the statistical analysis was conducted using the appropriate complex sampling design method. Results: The overall consumption of kimchi exhibited a declining trend among both men and women. Specifically, there was a significant decline in the intake of baechu kimchi among both genders. The decline in kimchi consumption above the standard was associated with a decrease in meal frequency and an increase in the frequency of eating alone. However, the patterns for unsalted vegetables and fruits differed compared to kimchi. Conclusion: In this study, there was a decline in kimchi consumption among both men and women, and the potential factors associated with this trend included Westernized dietary habits, the presence of a spouse who influenced dietary habits, and an increased frequency of solitary dining due to the rise in single-person households. Therefore, it is necessary to develop dietary guidelines that consider these factors.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Korea is the most rapidly aging country in the OECD countries, becoming 'an aging society' in 2010, when over 12% of the population had reached the age 65 and beyond. Along with the population aging, problems of the elderly have become a social issue. Also, the elderly population in most farming villages is increasing due to the cityward concentration of younger generation and the rapid urbanization centered around the capital area. Yet no definite success in revitalization of these villages has been reported despite the acknowledgement of the problems arising from such phenomena. Therefore, by examining "marginal villages" (communities whose joint social activities are difficult to maintain as over 50% of the population is 65 years or older) in Japan, which at this point has entered "the ultra-aged society" before Korea, this study intends to compare and analyze the countermeasure plans for the population decrease in these villages. The case study has been done with the focus on the literary references published in Japan such as papers, various reports, statistics, newspapers, and journals.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.291-301
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate homebound status and significant related factors for community-dwelling female elders according to age. Methods: The participants were female elders over 65 years of age registered in public health centers. Data were collected by interviewing the elders, who voluntarily completed the entire survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: There were statistically significant differences in homeboundness and related factors between the young-old (65 to 74 years of age) and the old-old (75 years of age or older). The level of homeboundness of the old-old was higher than that of the young-old. Multiple logistic regression showed, timed "up and go", depression, and fear of falling as significantly associated with homebound status of the young-old, while hand grip strength (right), timed "up and go", static balance ability, severity of urinary incontinence, and fear of falling as significant for the old-old. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that homebound status and related factors for elders are different according to age, and therefore, interventions to prevent and help homebound elders get over being homebound should be developed according to age.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2019

In this study, I wanted to explore in depth the meaning of psychological phenomena experienced by Christian living alone. For this purpose, five male and female living alone aged 65 or older were interviewed in depth, and the data after the interview was qualitatively analyzed by Giorgi's method of phenomenological research. The study found five categories : 'feeling closer to death', 'loneliness due to lack of a partner to talk to', 'helplessness to a debilitated body phenomenon', 'disconnected relationships' and 'looking at God'. The findings that the faith proved to be an important factor of overcoming loneliness in the lives of the elderly, provide a foundation for understanding and the pastoral counseling of the elderly living alone in churches.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.302-316
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• 2023

Objectives: The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics. Methods: Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type. Results: Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019. Conclusions: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to provide basic data for the establishment of effective health policies for the unmet medical experience that may occur among the elderly depending on whether they live in a singleperson household or not. Methodology: This study used data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020) and excluded cases with missing values in variables for the total number of respondent participants of 15,469. Finally, 2,850 subjects aged 65 or older were selected for final analysis. This study examined the relationship between experiences of unmet medical needs, attempting to confirm the relationship between single-person households and unmet medical needs through subgroup analysis considering gender, age, and household income. Results: According to the results, in the case of single-person households, the odds ratio (OR) for unmet medical needs was significantly higher at 1.60 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.21). Upon conducting subgroup analyses for gender, age, and household income quintiles, the OR was significantly higher at 2.24 times (95% CI: 1.14-4.41) for males and 1.48 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.14) for females, statistically significant in both cases. For individuals aged 65-69, the OR was significantly higher at 1.90 times (95% CI: 1.04-3.47), but for those aged 70-74 and over 75, it was not statistically significant. In the case of households with 'low' income, the OR was higher at 1.62 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.26), and for 'middle' income, it was significantly higher at 3.21 times (95% CI: 1.08-9.51). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the experience of unmet medical care is high among men who make up single-person households and low-income seniors. Therefore, this study suggests that policies to expand medical services and support welfare for single-person households should be established to resolve these problems, showing that health policies that take into account individual and regional characteristics are needed to improve medical accessibility for single-person households.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

In order to investigate the differences in nutrient intakes and eating habits between people living alone and people living together with family or others by age group, dietary survey data of the subjects aged 20 years or older from 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Living status of the subjects was defined as 'single' when the subjects' household member was one person. Age, gender, income, education were adjusted during the comparative analysis. The subjects living alone had diets with lower score of nutritional adequacy ratio and lower quality, and drank more alcoholic beverages when compared with the subjects living together. Females were more greatly affected in dietary intakes by living alone situation than males. Of the four age groups, a group with ages from 30 to 39 years showed less nutrient intake patterns in persons living alone than in persons living together, but the rest three groups with ages from 20 to 29, from 50 to 64, and 65 or older did not show any significant differences. Eating habits of the subjects living alone, such as skipping meals, kinds of snacks, dining-out, were worse as a whole than the other. In conclusion, single living particularly of females or of 30 to 39 years of age group had negative influences on dietary intakes and behavior. There may be statistical errors if socioeconomic and demographic factors such as age, gender, income, and education are not controlled in the population study investigating the effect of living alone on dietary intakes. Further studies will be needed to know the age-specific reasons for the worse nutrient intakes of single living persons.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare long-term hospital and general hospital for delirium prevalence and precipitating factors in elderly patients. Method: The participants were 184 patients aged 65 or older from one general hospital and 4 long-term facilities. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method and precipitating factors for delirium were classified as demographic, physical condition, disease and drug factors associated with delirium found in a literature analysis. Results: Delirium prevalence was 5.4% and there was no significant difference according to hospital type. Most of the patients with delirium were male, dependent and dehydrated and had sleep disturbances, diseases and drugs associated with delirium and, had multi-drugs prescriptions. Non-delirious patients also had two or more delirious symptoms and several precipitating factors. Delirious patients were more dependent, urinary incontinent and had sleep-disturbances compared to the non-delirious group. The participants in the long-term hospitals were found to have frequently previous delirium history. Conclusion: Even though the prevalence rate of delirium was not high, most elderly patients, regardless of delirium, are a very high risk group and dependent ADL, sleep disturbances, and/or urinary incontinence could be used predictive factors for delirium.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.523-535
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to investigate the socio-demographic and health factors affecting on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly by gender. Methods: Data of the study were derived from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2, 2011). The subjects were older adults aged 65 years or more (673 male and 925 female) and the number of the sample was 1,598. The authors analyzed the data with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: For male, the affecting factors on the HRQoL were education level, monthly income, and number of chronic disease. For female, affecting factors on the HRQoL were depression, stress, and age. The activity limitation and subjective health showed statistically significant relationship with the HRQoL for both male and female. Conclusion: Health care providers should consider the gender difference when they plan to design program for the improvement of HRQoL for elderly in community.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.429-436
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• 2019

This study used raw data from the 2013-2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey, and conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors related to teeth extraction from Korean elderly aged 65 and older (4.037). As a result, the risk of tooth extraction was 1.84 times higher in males, 1.52 times in age 75 or older, 2.36 times higher in income, 2.04 times higher in income, and 1.44 times higher in smokers. The results were statistically significant as 1.49 times without oral examination and 2.30 times without dental treatment for 1 year. Through this, the current health behavior and oral health behavior can reinforce the basis of risk factors related to the need for tooth extraction. At the national level, we need to look for diversification.