• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: Although there are many reports on the development of paranasal sinuses, few studies were performed with respect to the frontal sinus with 3D CT, especially in Korean children. In this study, we evaluated the normal development of frontal sinus in Korean children with 3D CT imaging. Methods: A total of 301 patients under the age of 20 were reviewed retrospectively. Maximal AP (anteroposterior) length, height and width were measured with the aid of computer device. The volume of frontal sinus was also evaluated. Results: At the age of more than 4, the pneumatization of frontal sinus was detected. Frontal sinus developed continuously and was observed in almost every children at the age of more than 17. The AP length, height, width and volume of frontal sinus were enlarged continuously until the age of 20. And the maximal growth of frontal sinus was observed at puberty. The width and volume of frontal sinus showed high correlation coefficient (r=0.8) relative to height or AP distance. Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful in the comprehension of normal development of frontal sinus in Korean children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a MOL instrument for school-age children in grades 4 through 6. Method: The research design was a methodological study. A four-phase design involved. 1) Interview data generated from professors, nurses, and elementary school students (n=8). 2) Content validation by expert panel (n=14) 3) Initial items corrected by elementary school students (n=20) 4) Instrument validation by survey (n=574). Finally, 24 items were chosen as a meaning of life scale for late school-age children. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 24 items was .893 indicated a high internal consistency of the instrument, 2) Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as 'relational experience', 'positive attitude', 'satisfaction/ hope', 'pursuit of goal', and experience of family love. These factors explained 52.311% of the total variance. Conclusion: The MOL scale for late school-age children can be used in nursing programs to improve the meaning of life. Studies on difference in meaning of life for late school-age children are needed for reverification.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing suicidal ideation in people with mental disorder. Methods: The subjects were 176 people with mental disorder from community mental health centers, social rehabilitation facilities, and university hospital psychiatric outpatient departments. The instruments used included a suicidal ideation questionnaire, a self-esteem scale, a spiritual well-being scale, a family support scale, and a professional support scale. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Suicidal ideation was influenced by age, history of suicidal attempts, and existential spiritual well-being. This study shows that suicidal ideation has negative correlation with existential spiritual well-being, self-esteem, family support, and age. Existential spiritual well-being, history of suicidal attempts, and age accounted for 30% regarding suicidal ideation in people with mental disorder. Conclusion: The lower existential spiritual well-being and age, the higher suicidal ideation. And also suicidal ideation was higher in people who had attempted suicide than in those who had not. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being in order to decrease suicidal ideation in young people with mental disorder.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to derive a regression equation that predicts the individual differences in activity energy expenditure (AEE) using accelerometer during different types of activity. Two subject groups were recruited separately in time: One is a homogeneous group of 94 healthy young adults with age ranged from $20\sim35$ yrs. The other subject group has a broad spectrum of physical characteristics in terms of age and fat ratio. 226 adolescents and adults of age ranged from $12\sim57$ yrs and fat ratio from $4.1\sim39.7%$ were in the second group. The wireless 3-axis accelerometers were developed and carefully fixed at the waist belt level. Simultaneously the total calorie expenditure was measured by gas analyzer. Each subject performed walking and running at speeds of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 km/hr. A generalized sensor-independent regression equation for AEE was derived. The regression equation was developed fur walking and running. The regression coefficients were predicted as functions of physical factors-age, gender, height, and weight with multivariable regression analysis. The generalized calorie estimation equation predicts AEE with correlation coefficient of 0.96 and the average accuracy of the accumulated calorie was $89.6{\pm}7.9%$.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to study mothers' perceptions about their children' cognitive abilities and the relations between such perceptions and the children's cognitive level. The subjects of this study were 60 children (mean age: 6 years 1 month: age range = 5;8 to 6;7) and their mothers. Each child responded to 18 tasks drawn from the Kodae-Binet IQ test. Subsequently, the mothers were asked 4 questions: an estimate of her child's success or failure on the tasks, a rating of the certainty of her judgment, an estimate of the age of mastery on each task both for her owr child and children in general. The data of the present study were analyzed with the 3-way ANOVA (sex x birth order x mother's education level), t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significant differences were found in (1) mothers' accuracy of their children's cognitive abilities according to children's birth order, (2) mothers' accuracy, overestimation, and certainty according to the level of difficulty of each task, and (3) mothers' estimate of age at mastery according to the level of each task. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between accurate predictions by the mother and correct answers by the child and between overestimations by the mother and correct answers by the child.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of drinking, smoking, and obesity indices on cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors in Korean young men. Methods: The subjects were 234 young men, aged 20 to 39 years. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), body fat mass (kg), and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured as obesity indices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured as cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SAS 9.4. Results: Statistically significant factors were BMI for SEP; age, degree of drinking, body fat mass for DBP; WHR for TC; WHR and age for TG; age, degree of smoking and PBF for HDL-C; WHR, age and degree of smoking for LDL-C. Conclusion: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in cardio-cerebrovascular disease prevention programs for young men.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1359-1363
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• 2002

In this paper, changes in the concentration of inosine monophosphate (IMP) of muscles in Taihe Silkies chickens from 2 to 28 weeks of age were studied. The results showed that: (1) with increasing age, IMP content of muscles decreased continuously. (2) the relationship between body weight and IMP content of musculus pectoralis major was significantly negative (p<0.01), so was body weight and IMP content of musculus peronaeus, and their coefficients of correlation were -0.45, -0.38 respectively; the relationship between IMP contents of musculus pectoralis major and that of musculus peronaeus was more significantly positive (p<0.01), and its coefficient of correlation was 0.59. (3) by multiple regression analysis, changes of IMP content of muscles depended on the weeks of age and body weight. (4) from 2 to 28 weeks of age, the heritabilities of IMP content of musculus pectoralis major were calculated between 0.33-0.48, and those of musculus peronaeus were calculated between 0.51-0.69.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.139-157
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• 2010

This study investigated the cognitive process of 5-year-old children, with a particular focus on gender, monthly age, and their tendencies towards hyperactivity through the performance of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS; Das & Naglieri, 1997). The children with tendencies towards hyperactivity were identified based on Conners Teachers' Rating Scale (CTRS). The subjects were 75 five-year-old children in Seoul and surrounding metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and by K-mean cluster analysis. Our results were as follows : (1) The CAS and CTRS' sub-factors were correlated negatively, except the positive correlation between planning factor and hyperactivity factor. (2) Girls exhibited significantly higher CAS scores in planning & sequential processing than boys. (3) The upper monthly age group (68-71 months) showed significantly higher score in terms of planning than the lower monthly age group (60-63 months). (4) The CAS scores of the children with tendencies towards hyperactivity was lower than that of normal children. (5) The CAS profile of 5-year-old children was divided into 4 groups with distinctive characteristics by means of K-mean cluster analysis.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self concept and depression of middle-aged women. The Subjects were 102 middle-aged women whose age range were 40-59 years old living in urban area. The instruments used in this study were self concept scale developed by Rosenberg and the depression scale developed by Zung. Data were collected done from July 1 to July 31, 2001 by a structured questionnaire. The Data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOV A and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as followed : 1. Mean score of self concept was 2.35. 2. Mean score of depression scale was 2.43 3. The relationship between self concept and depression was statistically negative correlation(r=-0.3769, P〈0.001). 4. There were statistically significant differences in the score of middle-aged women's self concept to the age(F=3.41, P〈0.05), education(F=2.97, P〈0.05), Occupation(t=1.84, P〈0.05). 5. General characteristics variables were significantly related to the level of depression were the age(F=3.12, P〈0.05), numbers of children(t=3.59,P〈0.05). Obstetrical characteristics variables were significantly related to the level of depression were age of menarche(F=4.03, P〈0.05), times of abortion(t=10.09, P〈0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that self esteem was an important factor related to depression. I suggest that to decrease depression, it should be encouraged self esteem.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2009

Objectives : To review to determine difference in the effect of age, gender, location of electrode, test meal and period of recording that influence Electrogastrography (EGG) parameters and to study its oriental medical application. Methods : We investigate the research results through internet search engines, Pub Med, Karger, Mary Ann Libert and Pro Quest. Results : Age and gender influence postprandial Dominant Frequency Instability Coefficient (DFIC). Body mass index (BMI) influence fasting and postprandial EGG parameters. Menstrual cycle phase influence fasting Dominant Frequency (DF). Test meal volume and composition influence postprandial EGG parameters. But reduced-calorie test meal have no effect on EGG parameters. Conclusions : Because the amplitude of surface-recorded SW(slow wave) is very weak, EGG is influenced by many factors. Age, gender, BMI, menstrual cycle phase, test meal volume and test meal composition influence EGG parameters. but reduced-calorie test meal have no effect on EGG parameters.