• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2004

Generally, reinforced concrete is one of the most commonly used structural materials and it prevents corrosion of steel bar by high pH of interior, But, as time elapsed, reinforced concrete structure become deteriorated by many of combined deterioration factors and environmental conditions. And, there are large number of deteriorate mechanism of the reinforced concrete structure and it acts complexly. It is recognized that steel bar corrosion is the main distress behind the present concern regarding concrete durability. In this study, to institute combined deterioration environments, established acceleration condition and cycle for combined deterioration environments has a resemblance to environments which are real structures placed. After that to confirm corrosion properties of reinforced concrete due to permeability with covering depth and types of surface cover under combined deterioration environments, measured carbonation velocity coefficients, chloride ion diffusion coefficients, water absorption coefficients, air permeability coefficients and electric potential, corrosion area ratio, weight reduction, corrosion velocity of steel bar. The results showed that an increase in age also decrease carbonation velocity coefficients, increase Chloride ion diffusion coefficients and increases water absorption coefficients. As well, an increase in age also increases corrosion of steel bar. Data on the development of corrosion velocity of steel bar with types of surface cover made with none, organic B, organic A, inorganic B, and inorganic A is shown. As well, permeability and corrosion velocity of steel bar with covering depth is superior to 10mm than 20mm. And it is confirmed permeability and corrosion properties of steel bar are closely related.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.1717-1726
• /
• 2015

Acceleration of globalization in almost all industries, including fisheries, already had been a major paradigm of the age. And It has been weakened its meaning of geographical, cultural and economic boundaries between the nations. In particular, various changes in the fisheries environment have exceeded the area of problem for conventional single country is resolved. And if there is no cooperation with international cooperation other problems also almost nearly impossible to alleviate or solve. So it has emerged in this context, the concept of sustainable development and conceptual diagram of responsible fisheries. However, it has been passed about 20 years since the FAO documents published, there is little interest in it. In this study, analyzed the characteristics of the changes and its constitutive trends and contents of the FAO's responsible fisheries documents. And proposed both the need for analysis and research for the fisheries in an international context for the future and educational aspects. The results of this study show that FAO related documents are hardly to find that have been translated into Korean, in particular since the 2000s. And it is fairly skeptical whether there is a direct effective in fisheries in terms of language barriers. Therefore, the study on responsible fisheries much more important to develop the current status and future-oriented policy of international fisheries even in fisheries related education.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2018

It is mandatory to use car seats for infants and children in the private vehicles in accordance with the traffic law of Korea. Recently, legislation has also been proposed to expand the use car seats to express and intercity buses. This reflects a growing consensus that mandatory infant and child car seats, both for private and commercial vehicles, are essential. However, Korean laws concerning infants and children on board aircraft allow parents or guardians to hold children under two years of age on their laps without any restraint devices. It is not possible for a parent to physically restrain an infant or child, especially during a sudden acceleration or deceleration, unanticipated or severe turbulence, or impact. The use of CRS provides an equivalent level of safety to infants and children as that afforded to adult passengers wearing seat belts. But there is no regulation even about Child Restraint Systems on board aircraft in Korea. To enhance their safety, infants and children should be restrained in an approved child restraint system that is appropriate to their weight and height. It is necessary to examine whether infants and children in flight can achieve the same level of safety as an adult.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trunk rotation type by wheel and axle. In order to analysis, 3D-motion analysis and electromyography were conducted on kinematic variables, impulse, average-EMG and integrated-EMG. Twelve healthy (age: $21.8{\pm}2.2$ yrs, height: $175.4{\pm}5.0cm$, weight: $66.7{\pm}6.4kg$) participated in the experiment. The results were as follows; in hand's velocity and acceleration, wheel and axial rotating movement using kinematic chain(type 3) were much faster. In impulse, type 3 was much stronger. In average-EMG, right and left, latissimus dorsi muscles was much stronger. In integrated-EMG, left erector spinae, right/left latissimus dorsi, and left external oblique muscles was much stronger. These results considered that, in the trunk rotation utilizing the kinematic chains action, latissimus dorsi muscles highly contribute to the muscle utilization that makes the rotating movement maximally effective.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2012

Autotransgenic manipulation with a growth hormone (GH)-construct is a potential approach to improving the growth rates of farmed fish. Here, we present the generation of GH-autotransgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio carrying a transgene comprised of the carp homologous GH gene and a ${\beta}$-actin regulator. Autotransgenic carp showed similar viability to their non-transgenic siblings. Early growth characteristics of founder autotransgenic carp up to 50 days postfertilization were highly variable among individuals; i.e., some fish exhibited significant growth depression, while others showed dramatic acceleration of growth, achieving greater than sixfold increases in body weight relative to their non-transgenic counterparts. Stimulated growth performance became more notable with age and many transgenic individuals of the largest class reached 5 kg within 8 or 9 months, which is at least 10 times heavier than the average body weight of communally grown non-transgenics. Four of six founder transgenic males were successful in passing the transgene to their $F_1$ offspring with frequencies ranging from 19 to 36%. Growth stimulations were also persistent in all $F_1$ progeny groups examined.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2012

Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis in fish has the potential to improve aquaculture efficiency and capacity. However, many fast-growing transgenic fish have experienced side effects caused by excess GH expression. To overcome this unwanted issue associated with several GH transgenic mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis lines carrying GH construct driven by a strong ${\beta}$-actin regulator ($pml{\beta}$-actGH), we performed an alternative version of GH autotransgenesis using a weaker but more stable regulator, the mud loach lectin promoter. GH transgenesis with a pmlectGH construct consisting of the mud loach GH gene driven by the 2.3-kb lectin promoter exhibited significant growth stimulation. However, the extent of the growth acceleration in pmlectGH transgenics (six times maximum when assessed 2 months post hatching) was much less than that in transgenic individuals carrying the $pml{\beta}$-actGH construct. Additionally, the extraordinary gigantism that was common in $pml{\beta}$-actGH-transgenic mud loaches was diminished in transgenic loaches harboring the pmlectGH construct. Transgenic founders (pmlectGH) successfully transmitted their transgene into the next generation with up to 41% frequency. Growth stimulation also persisted in the transgenic F1 strains, with a seven-fold increase in maximum body weight at 6 months of age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.133-136
• /
• 2007

This study investigates mechanical properties of the concrete using fine particle cement which is manufactured by the pulverizing process. The variable factors are 3 types of W/C such as 40, 50, and 60%, 3 types of curing temperature such as 5, 20, and $35^{\circ}C$, and 5types of the replacement of the fine particle cement such as 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The unit water content, S/a and amount of the SP and AE agents to secure the slump and air content is gradually increased in accordance with amount of replacement. It can be confirmed that the delay of the setting time depending on FC content is decreased corresponding to FC content, so the effect of the acceleration to the setting time is expected. The compressive strength corresponding to FC content is proportionally increased, and the growth is confirmed about $30{\sim}40%$ at a day in 50% of FC contents. However, the increase of the strength is gradually decreased in accordance with increasing age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.405-408
• /
• 2010

Cyber education community in the digital age is going on across all areas of knowledge accumulation rate of acceleration of the demand for retraining and lifelong learning can effectively accommodate. Therefore, new teaching methods in the future as consumer-driven 21st century is expected to settle into the main education system. However, to properly interact with people due to lack of feedback delay, reading and writing intensive courses is detrimental to the environment caused by a particular student, and Computer skills are based on computer-related technology to disadvantage poor students, and many have problems. In this paper, recent university education and cyber education requires a paradigm shift is required in an environment that factors affecting students' satisfaction were evaluated, and Improvement of cyber education will be studied.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.176-181
• /
• 2018

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that involves multiple organ systems, with short stature as the most common presentation (>70%). Possible mechanisms of short stature in NS include growth hormone (GH) deficiency, neurosecretory dysfunction, and GH resistance. Accordingly, GH therapy has been carried out for NS patients over the last three decades, and multiple studies have reported acceleration of growth velocity (GV) and increase of height standard deviation score (SDS) in both prepubertal and pubertal NS patients upon GH therapy. One year of GH therapy resulted in almost doubling of GV compared with baseline; afterwards, the increase in GV gradually decreased in the following years, showing that the effect of GH therapy wanes over time. After four years of GH therapy, ~70% of NS patients reached normal height considering their age and sex. Early initiation, long duration of GH therapy, and higher height SDS at the onset of puberty were associated with improved final height, whereas gender, dosage of GH, and the clinical severity did not show significant association with final height. Studies have reported no significant adverse events of GH therapy regarding progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, alteration of metabolism, and tumor development. Therefore, GH therapy is effective for improving height and GV of NS patients; nevertheless, concerns on possible malignancy remains, which necessitates continuous monitoring of NS patients receiving GH therapy.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.423-428
• /
• 2011

Hydration characteristics of cement containing zeolite mined at Daepo in Gyeongbuk province were studied for use as a mineral admixture. The cement paste containing zeolite was characterized by the measurement of heat evolution, XRD, EDS, nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The cement paste containing zeolite exhibited tendencies toward acceleration of paste setting and promotion of cement hydration with the increase of zeolite content. The flow of mortar containing zeolite strongly reduced with increase of zeolite content. Compressive strength of the mortar containing zeolite increased very rapidly at an early age in comparison with plain mortar. These results would be related to aluminum species escaped from zeolite particles during the alkali dealumination of zeolite by the hydration process of cement.