• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examines and compares the differences between self-esteem and health promotion behavior of health department and non-health department college students. Method: The research instruments were as follows : The first one is RSES developed by Rosenberg and translated into Korean by Jeon. The second one is HPLP developed by Walker et al, and including six subareas by Lee and modified to be suitable to Korean culture by Suh. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS PC/12.0. Results : 1. Comparison of self-esteem had no significant difference(p=.190) and health promotion behaviors had significant differences(p=.000) between the two groups. 2. According to general characteristics and health-related characteristics, the differences of self-esteem in health department showed significant differences in grade(p=.020), sex(p=.000), age(p=.000), parents' economic conditions(p=.048), and smoking(p=.030) while non-health departments revealed significant differences in grade(p=.003), sex(p=.000), age(p=.000) and smoking(p=.001). 3. According to general characteristics and health-related characteristics, the differences of health promotion behaviors in health department showed significant differences in grade(p=.008), sex(p=.021), age(p=.000) and parents' economic conditions(p=.017) while non-health department revealed significant differences in sex(p=.000) and age(p=.000). 4. There were positive correlations between self-esteem, health promotion behaviors and subareas in health department (r=.422) and non-health department (r=.383). Conclusion: There were significant positive correlations between self-esteem and health promotion behaviors in health and non-health department college students. Therefore, health related programs should be developed to enhance self-esteem and health management by college students can influence themselves on self-esteem and health promotion behaviors.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-35
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the different consumption patterns of fashion products according to the demographic characteristics and religious variables of Muslim women in Indonesia. The research method consisted of a questionnaire, which surveyed Muslim women in Indonesia, whose ages ranged from teens to 40s. The final questionnaire made use of 301 responses, and the analysis methods included 𝛘²-testing, factor analysis, and ANOVA. The results of this survey are as follows: For differences in average monthly clothing purchase costs, there were significant differences according to age, monthly income, final education, and whether or not the respondent wore a hijab, but there was also significant difference according to marital status and religious faithfulness. Muslim women's clothing purchasing factors were practicality, visibility, fit-to-wear, and design. In terms of the differences in factors which were considered when purchasing clothing, they depended on whether or not the respondent was married, practicality and visibility according to age, visibility according to final education, and religious faithfulness. There were significant differences in practicality and visibility, but not according to monthly income. When accounting for the differences in the places where Muslim women bought fashion products, there were significant differences according to marital status and age. In terms of the differences in reasons for choosing a place of purchase, there were significant differences according to age, monthly income, final education, and the degree of hijab wearing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The nasalance score measured by Nasometer is a supplementary data for the perceptually rated nasality by a trained speech pathologist. The nasalance score varies with subjects. The objective of the present study was to examine whether there are differences in nasalance scores as a function of age and sex. Materials and Method : This study used 20 normal chidren aged from 3 to 8 and 40 normal adults aged from 21 to 37(male : female= 1 : 1) as subjects. The nasalance scores were analyzed in 3 different phonetic contests(nasal, /i/ vowel,/a/ vowel) and 4 different sentence lengths(1, 2, 4, 8 syllable). Results : The children had significantly higher nasalance scores in short sentences an the adults. The female subjects had significantly higher nasalance scores in nasal sentences and in short sentences than the male subjects. Conclusion : These results may indicate that sex and age differences should be considered in the interpretation of the nasalance score in nasal sentences or in short sentences.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out middle age women's needs of the educare services. Furthermore this study was done to serve as the basic data for guidance and the preparation of effective educare services. For these purposes, the data were collected by using questionnare from to 305 middle age women living in T city. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentile, chi square analysis. The major findings of this research are as follows: 1. Most subjects of present study needs for the daycare center. Furthermore there were significant differences in the daycare management, caring agent, day care cost according to the school career. 2. They wantd nere home daycare center and part time daycare center. And there were no significant differences in general enviroment of daycare center according to the school career. 3. There were significant differences in 1)the standards of selection for teacher 2)teacher's educational level, 3)teacher's age according to the school level. And they wanted 'low school career but caring experiences' daycare teacher.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2013

Purpose: This study examine the relationships retirement plans, perception of successful aging and attitude toward retirement nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study 200 nurses at two hospitals in C City. The data collection period from Nov. 1 to Dec. 31, 2011. Results: The degree of retirement significant according to age, marital status, education level, dependent, duration of employment, shift, department, annual salary. he degree of economic retirement plan showed significant differences according to age, marital status, education level, dependent home, duration of employment, department, annual salary. he degree of physical retirement plan showed statistically significant differences according to age, marital status, dependent, department. The degree of emotional retirement plan showed significant differences according to age, department. Conclusion: mprove the retirement of clinical nurse, we need a systematic based on physical and mental health.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.29-43
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• 2005

Emotional intelligence is a relatively new concept and little research to date has examined age differences. In order to examine developmental patterns in emotional intelligence(En, the Emotional Intelligence Test for Children(EITC, Lee, 2003) was administered to 367 children, 4- to 8-years of age. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance(MANOVA) and post hoc univariate analyses of variables. Results showed significant differences by age in total and sub-total scores of EITC. When the means of test scores were presented graphically as developmental curves, EI totals and sub-scores showed the increases in EI that occurred with increased maturity. Additional research is needed to verify developmental models of EI and to explore which factors have an effect on EI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 2003

This study intended to analyze the differences in (general & apparel) color preference and possession of apparel color preference(POA) by influential factors(fashion involvement, age, body-size and body- cathexis). We collected data from 303 females in the ages of 20's and 40's living in Seoul. The results were as follows; As a result of factor analysis, the fashion involvement was categorized into three aspects: coordinating fashion involvement, opinion-leading fashion involvement, and innovating fashion involve ment. There were significant differences among fashion involvement groups in the color preference and POA. Also the significant differences in color preferences and POA by ages and body-size were found. But in the analysis based on body-cathexis, no noticeable variance between different groups were found.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.511-522
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• 2010

This study investigated the differences in college students' attitudes towards, and knowledge of contraceptives. Gender, age group and place of residence were examined to identify variables related to contraceptive use. A total of 388 responses were obtained from college students. The results are as follows: Firstly, significant differences were found in degree of contraceptive knowledge between genders, age groups, and residence types. There was also a significant interaction effect between gender and age. Secondly, there were significant differences of attitudes towards contraception in gender and age and there was also significant interaction effect between residence type and age. Thirdly, college students' contraceptive use could be successfully predicted by gender and attitude towards contraception. Male students who had positive attitudes towards contraception were more likely to use contraceptives. This suggests attitudes towards contraception should be considered when developing contraceptive programs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.193-199
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• 2020

This objective of this study is to examine the influence of age and gender on entrepreneurship in Vietnam's context. Although various studies have been conducted to examine age and gender differences in the entrepreneurial process, the results reveal inconsistencies. Moreover, the relationship between different factors and their role in explaining age and gender differences in the entrepreneurship activities still has no clear answer. Our analyses were based on data collected for the 2017 Global Entrepreneurship Monitors (GEM) from individuals located in Vietnam with a sample of 2,118. Our findings show that female entrepreneurs had less household income and were likely to have more fear of failure in starting a business. Entrepreneurs tend to be older and young entrepreneurs have better education. The study also indicated that male entrepreneurs were likely to have more perception of the ease to start a business. Moreover, the number of male respondents who are currently entrepreneurs is higher and they are older. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it provides empirical evidence on the age and gender differences in entrepreneurship. Second, it contributes to the understanding of the entrepreneurship environment in Vietnam, one of the most dynamic emerging countries in the East Asian region.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.213-229
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the heath status and health behavior of middle-aged Korean men and women. Even though there has been increased concern about extremely high mortality rate of Korean middle-aged men and mental health problems of middle aged women, there is a dearth of empirical studies which examine the health status and health behavior of middle-aged men and women in Korea. This study attempts to fill these gaps. Data gathered from 1,667 men and women aged between 30-59 are analyzed to examine the level of physical health, mental health, perceived health and health behavior and to explore the gender and age group differences in these aspects. The results show that there exist gender difference and age group difference in health status: Women are less healthy than men and as age increased health status declined. Women at their 50s are least healthy and most unhappy suggesting age and gender interaction in health status. There exist a gender difference in health behavior: Men have regular check-ups more frequently than women and exercise more. These results are discussed in terms of the gender differences in the experiences, social roles and life styles over the life course.