• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2021

Agaricus bisporus is a popular edible mushroom that is cultivated worldwide. Due to its secondary homothallic nature, cultivated A. bisporus strains have low genetic diversity, and breeding novel strains is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of globally collected A. bisporus strains using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Agaricus bisporus strains were divided based on genetic distance-based groups and model-based subpopulations. The major allele frequency (MAF), number of genotypes (NG), number of alleles (NA), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated, and genetic distance, population structure, genetic differentiation, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were assessed. Strains were divided into two groups by distance-based analysis and into three subpopulations by model-based analysis. Strains in subpopulations POP A and POP B were included in Group I, and strains in subpopulation POP C were included in Group II. Genetic differentiation between strains was 99%. Marker AB-gSSR-1057 in Group II and subpopulation POP C was confirmed to be in HWE. These results will enhance A. bisporus breeding programs and support the protection of genetic resources.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.231-234
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• 2000

The polysaccharide has been known to have an antitumor activity, which were extracted from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture broths of Agaricus blazei. For the cell growth and the polysaccharide production, the optimal medium contained 8% glucose, 2% yeast extract, 0.1% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.2% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2% $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ and 0.2% $MnSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$. When 0.2% of glutamic acid was added at 4day, the cell concentration was 13.5 g/L and the polysaccharide production was 9.9 g/L, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 1990

Higher fungi were collected in Mt. Jiri National Park areas from May, 1987 to October, 1987. These higher fungi were identified. As a result of identification, Conocybe rickenii (Schaeffer) Kuhner, Coprinus rhizophorus kawam et al., Agaricus comtulus Fr., Tricholomopsis decora (Fr.) Sing., Gymnopilus penetrans (Fr. ex Fr.) Murr., Amanita abrupta Peck, A. rufoferruginea Hongo and Stropharia semiglobata (Batsch ex Fr.) Quel. were newly recorded in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1388-1391
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• 2005

Temporal changes of cell growth pattern and intracellular content of $\beta$-D-glucans were investigated with off-gas data in Agaricus blazei culture where glucose was intermittently fed. It was observed that the time point of carbon source depletion coincided with the point of sudden drop in the carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), and that the sole supplementation of glucose was not enough to maintain active cell growth and glucan content. On the other hand, when yeast extract, a typical nitrogen source, was supplemented together with glucose when the CER suddenly dropped because of carbon source depletion, an active cell growth could be maintained until the end of the culture and the glucan content did not decrease with culture time, significantly enhancing glucan productivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

Functional gene studies in the cultivated white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus have been constrained by the absence of effective gene-silencing tools. Using two endogenous genes from A. bisporus, we have tested the utility of dsRNA hairpin constructs to mediate downregulation of specific genes. Hairpin constructs for genes encoding orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (URA3) and carboxin resistance (CBX) were introduced into A. bisporus using Agrobacteriummediated transfection. Although predicted changes in phenotype were not observed in vitro, quantitative-PCR analyses indicated unambiguously that transcripts in several transformants were substantially reduced compared with the non-transformed controls. Interestingly, some hairpin transformants exhibited increased transcription of target genes. Our observations show that hairpin transgenic sequences can mediate downregulation of A. bisporus endogenous genes and that the technology has the potential to expedite functional genomics of the mushroom.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.455-463
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• 2011

Metallothioneins are a class of small cysteine-rich proteins that have been associated with increased tolerance to metal and oxidative stresses in animals, plants, and fungi. We investigated a metallothionein-like (mt-like) gene shown previously to be upregulated in fruiting bodies of the fungus Agaricus bisporus in response to post-harvest storage. Analysis of an A. bisporus genomic DNA cosmid library identified two similar mt-like genes (met1 and met2) arranged as a bidirectional gene pair transcribed from the same promoter region. The promoter contained regulatory elements including 9 metal responsive elements and a CAAT box region 220 bp downstream of met1 that showed striking similarity to a feature in Coprinopsis cinerea mt-like gene promoters. Transcriptional analysis showed that both met genes are significantly and rapidly (within 3 hours) upregulated during post-harvest storage and expression is significantly greater in stipe and cap tissues compared with the gills. However, a strong directionality of the promoter was demonstrated, as transcript levels of met1 were at least two orders of magnitude greater than those of met2 in all samples tested.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2017

In this study, we made a population with high biological efficiency (BE) to investigate the complex genetic architecture of yield-related traits in Agaricus bisporus. MB-013 crossed between bisp 015-p2 and bisp 034-p2, had high BE. Additionally MB-013 was an intervarietal hybrid that intercrosses with A. bisporus var. burnettii, bisp 015, and A. bisporus var. bisporus, bisp 034. One hundred and seventy homokaryons were selected using the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers (PIN primer/HaeIII) from 300 single spore isolates (SSIs). One hundred $BC_1F_1$ hybrids were obtained by crossing the homokaryons of MB-013 with bisp15-p1. The population of 100 BC1F1 hybrids is suitable for analyses of BE.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 1991

To investigate on the trace element content of twelve edible mushrooms and Aloe arborescens, i. e., Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum (culturing in wood and soil), Tricholoma matsutake, Agaricus bisporus, Cyrophora esculenta, Auricularia auricula-Jude (produced in Korea and China), Sarcodon asparatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coriolus versicolor, Smilax rotundifolia and Aloe arborescerts were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrometer. The obtained results were summerized as follows: 1. Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iron content for the most part samples were in large quantities, especially phosphorus content of those was highest ammount for the all samples. 2. Sodium content was much ammount in the Lentinus edodes (39mg) and Ganoderma lucidurn (20 mg), Culturing in wood and soil, while potassium was very high ammount in the Aloe arborescens and other samples. Mush ammount of magnesium as compared with others was Lentinus edodes (144mg), Ganoderma lucidurn (128mg), Aloe arborescerts (50mg) and pleurotus ostreatus (60mg). Phosphorus content of Ganoderma lucidurn, Lentinus edodes, Gyrophora esculenta, Auricularia polytricha and Agaricus bisporus was much ammount while iron content of all samples equality higher ammount. Sodium content of Aloe arborescens was not analyzed out for almost all, its potassium (82mg), magnesium (50mg) and iron (18rng) content comparatively higher quentity than others minerals and phosphorus volume (4.9mg) as compared with others, was conspicuously lower detect. 4. Cadimium and lead content of harmful metal element were detected on trace quentity for the most part samples 5. Organic acids of samples i.e., Legtinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum were Citrate, Malate, Fumalate, Succinate, Oxalate, Acetate, Lactate, and Tartarate and Citrate, Malate and Fumarate contents were higher amount remarkbly than other organic acids. Tartarate content was trace amount.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2009

The internal stipe necrosis of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) is caused by the bacterium Ewingella americana, a species of the Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, Ewingella americana was isolated from cultivated white button mushrooms in Korea evidencing symptoms of internal stipe browning. Its symptoms are visible only at harvest, and appear as a variable browning reaction in the center of the stipes. From these lesions, we isolated one bacterial strain (designated CH4). Inoculation of the bacterial isolate into mushroom sporocarps yielded the characteristic browning symptoms that were distinguishable from those of the bacterial soft rot that is well known to mushroom growers. The results of Gram stain, flagellal staining, and biochemical tests identified these isolates as E. americana. This was verified by pathogenicity, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the results of an analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the fatty acids profile. This is the first report of the isolation of E. americana from cultivated white button mushrooms in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.556-562
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• 1994

To investigate the fungal diversity in Mt. Paekwoon, higher fungi were collected in July, 1991 from the two locations of Seoul National University Forests in Kwangyang-gun, Chonnam Province. A total of 137 fungal species were collected and classified. Following six species were identified as new species unrecorded in Korea. Their morphological and taxonomic features including microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia were also reported in this paper. Marasmius pulcherripes Peck ; Agaricus purpurellus(Moller) Moller ; Coprinus echinosporus Buller ; Xerocomus nigromaculatus Hongo ; Boletellus shichianus(Teng & Ling) Teng ; Russula kansaiensis Hongo.