• 제목/요약/키워드: Agaricus

검색결과 346건 처리시간 0.027초

Optimization of Submerged Culture Conditions for Mycelial Growth and Exopolysaccharides Production by Agaricus blazei

  • Kim, Hyun-Han;Na, Jeong-Geol;Chang, Yong-Keun;Chun, Gie-Taek;Lee, Sang-Jong;Jeong, Yeon-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.944-951
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    • 2004
  • The influences of inoculum size, pH, and medium composition on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production were investigated in shake flasks and in a bioreactor. The optimum inoculum size for both mycelial growth and EPS production was identified to be 10% (v/v) in shake flask cultures. The optimal initial pH for mycelial growth and EPS production in shake flask cultures were found to be 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. However, the optimal pH was 5.0 for both mycelial growth and EPS production in bioreactor cultures where the pH was regulated. The optimal mass ratio of the two major carbon sources, glucose to dextrin, was 1:4. The optimal mass ratio of the two major nitrogen sources, yeast extract to soy tone peptone, was 2:1. When 500 mg $1^{-1}$ of $MnSO_4-5H_2O$ was added to the bioreactor culture, both mycelial growth and EPS production were enhanced by approximately 10%. Under the optimized conditions, a mycelial biomass of 9.85 g $1^{-1}$ and an EPS concentration of 4.92 g $1^{-1}$ were obtained in 4 days.

천연 추출물을 이용한 최소가공 양송이버섯 (Agaricus bisporus Sing)의 갈변저해 및 저장 중 품질특성 (Browning Inhibition and Quality Characteristics of Minimally Processed Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus Sing) Using Extracts from Natural Materials during Storage)

  • 류정모;박연주;최소영;황태영;김일환;오덕환;문광덕
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.11-15
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    • 2003
  • 고품질의 최소가공 버섯을 제조하기 위해 여러 가지 천연 갈변저해제를 양송이버섯에 적용하여 최적의 천연 갈변저해제를 선발하고 선발된 천연 갈변저해제를 처리한 최소가공 버섯의 저장 중 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 천연 갈변저해제 중 천문동, 계피 및 키위 추출물이 우수하였다. 이들 선발된 갈변저해제를 처리한 최소가공 버섯의 저장 중 물리적 품질특성을 조사한 결과 갈변도에서는 1% cysteine과 천문동 추출물이 높은 저해효과를 나타내었다. 천연갈변저해 제를 처리한 버섯의 PPO 활성이 저장 초기부터 높게 나타난 것은 갈변저해제가 양송이버섯의 조직 내부로 흡수되지 못하기 때문으로 보여지며, 갈변저해제에 따른 총 페놀 함량의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 양송이버섯의 총 페놀 함량이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 현재까지 갈변저해에 주로 이용되던 화학물질을 천연물 유래 갈변저해제로 대체 할 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다.

양송이 푸른곰팡이병균(Trichoderma spp.)의 생장에 미치는 요인과 방제법 (Factors Affecting Growth of Trichoderma spp. with Special Reference to Control of Green Mildew in Agaricus bisporus)

  • 박원목;김동수;박용환;정후섭
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.91-95
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    • 1971
  • 본 시험은 우리나라에서 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병균의 종의 빈도와 발병환경 및 방제법을 구명코져 실시하였다. 시험결과 Trichoderma koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum과 미동정의 1종등 4종의 병원균이 분리되었고 이들의 빈도는 각각 $50\%\;32\%,\;13\%$$5\%$이었다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 감자배양액, 왁스만배양액과 리차드배양액에서 생육이 잘 되었으며 중성-염기성배지에서는 생육이 불량한 반면 산성에서 생육이 왕성하였으며 최적산도는 pH4였다. 양송이 수확기간 중 재배사내의 온도는 $15^{\circ}C$내외 일 때 본명의 발생이 적었고 수량이 많으며 $20^{\circ}C$이상에서는 본병의 발생이 격심하였다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 복토흙 소독시 $70^{\circ}C$에서 60분, 혹은 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리하므로서 완전히 사멸하였고 퇴비 후발효 과정에서도 사멸되었다.

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식용(食用)버섯류(類)의 아미노산(酸)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Amino Acid Contents of Edible Mushrooms)

  • 표명윤;노일협
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 1975
  • Free amino acids in extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer (Technicon PNC-1 Type). All these 11 species of mushroom can be repesented for convenience sake as follows. S-1; Agaricus campestris Fr. S-2: Agaricus campestris S-3; Pholiota nameko(I. Ito) S. Ito et Imai S-4; Auricularia auricula-judae(Fr.) $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-5; Tremella fuciformis Berk. S-6; Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing. S-7; Pleurotus ostreatus Fr. $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-8; Lentinus edodes Berk Sing. S-9; Ramaria botrytis (Pers.) Ricken S-10; Coprinus comatus(Fr.) S.F, Gray S-11; Gyrophora esculenta The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1) 17 kinds of amino acid, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quantified. 2) Of all free amino acids contained in mushrooms, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Ala, Thr, Pro and Lys in that order. There were no found Cys'and His in S-9;His in S-1; Met and Arg in S-11; Cys and Met in S-5;Pro, Cys, Met, Lys and Arg in S-4. Of all total amino acids which are closely related with nutritional valuation, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Asp, Ala, Arg, Leu, Thr, Gly in that order. Especially S-1 and S-2 contain high quantity $o{\acute{i}}$ proline in both free and total amino acids. 3) Cotents of ammonia in extracts of mushrooms in decreasing order in S-1, S-10, S-8, S-2, S-7, S-6, and S-2, S-6, S-8, S-9, S-1 in hydrolysates of mushrooms. 4) Gross Contents of free amino acid in extracts is high in decreasing order in S-10, S-1, S-7, S-6, S-8, and total amino acid in hydrolysates is high in S-10, S-2, S-2, S-8, S-1, S-9, S-6. 5) Besides 17 kinds of amino acid, 5 kinds of unknown amino acid are found in extracts and hydrolysates.

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식용(食用)버섯의 원형질체(原形質體) 분리(分離)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Protoplast Isolation from Edible Fungi)

  • 유영복;존 페버디;유창현
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1985
  • 고등균류의 유전연구와 균주개발을 위한 원형질체 조작의 기초 연구로서 몇가지 주요 버섯류의 원형질체 분리에 관하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. P. ostreatus와 V. volvacea의 원형질체 분리에 알맞는 효소는 ${\beta}-D-Glucanase+Novozym234+Snail enzyme$이었으며, 삼투압 조절제로는 0.6M $MgSO_{4}$였고, 이들을 Na-Maleate buffer로 pH 5.8에 조절하여 사용했을때 가장 많은 원형질체를 생성하였다. 2. P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju는 MCM에서 각각 4, 5, 3일간 배양한 균사체에서, L. edodes, F. velutipes는 PDA 배지에서 각각 2일과 5일간 배양했을때 가장 효과적이었으며, A. bisporus와 V. volvacea는 분리량이 극히 적었다. 3. V. volvacea의 균사체에 2-mercaptoethanol의 전처리는 효과가 없어 원형질체 분리는 적었으며, 액체배양 보다는 agar 배지상의 cellophan방법이 원형질체 분리에 있어서 효과가 좋았다. 4. 균사체에 효소처리후 1시간 부터 원형질체가 분리되면서 점차 증가하여 9시간경에 가장 많은 원형질체를 얻었으며, 시간이 갈수록 액포화현상으로 원형질체의 크기가 커졌다.

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Molecular Characterization of 170 New gDNA-SSR Markers for Genetic Diversity in Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

  • An, Hyejin;Jo, Ick-Hyun;Oh, Youn-Lee;Jang, Kab-Yeul;Kong, Won-Sik;Sung, Jwa-Kyung;So, Yoon-Sup;Chung, Jong-Wook
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.527-532
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    • 2019
  • We designed 170 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on the whole-genome sequence data of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), and selected 121 polymorphic markers. A total of 121 polymorphic markers, the average major allele frequency (MAF) and the average number of alleles (NA) were 0.50 and 5.47, respectively. The average number of genotypes (NG), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 6.177, 0.227, 0.619, and 0.569, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that MAF was negatively correlated with NG (-0.683), NA (-0.600), HO (-0.584), and PIC (-0.941). NG, NA, HO, and PIC were positively correlated with other polymorphic parameters except for MAF. UPGMA clustering showed that 26 A. bisporus accessions were classified into 3 groups, and each accession was differentiated. The 121 SSR markers should facilitate the use of molecular markers in button mushroom breeding and genetic studies.

$CCl_4$로 독성을 유발시킨 초대배양 간세포를 이용한 고등균류로부터 간세포 보호물질의 검색 (Screening of Hepatoprotective Substances from Higher Fungi by Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride)

  • 이준우;한만덕;이권행
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.347-353
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    • 1992
  • 국내에서 자생하고 있는 75균주의 고등균류를 액체배양하여 얻은 다당류를 $CCl_4$에 의해 독성이 유발된 초대배양 간세포에 가하여 간세포 독성에대한 다당류의 보호효과를 glutamic pyruvate transaminase(GPT)활성을 측정하여 검색한 결과는 다음과 같다. 75균주의 고등균류 중 간세포 보호효과를 나타낸 것은 60균주로 Ganoderma lucidum 15균주 중 13균주, Lentinus edodes 7균주 중 5균주, Pleurotus ostereatus 1균주, Coriolus versicolor 5군주 중 4균주, Lyophyllum spp. 2균주, Grifori frondosa 7균주, Agaicus spp. 3균주, Schizophyllum commune 16균주 중 14균주, Cordyceps spp. 18균주 중 11균주등이었다. 상기 고등균류 중 GPT활성이 80%이하로 나타나, 비교적 간세포 보호효과가 우수한 것은 Ganoderma lucidum IY003 및 IY009, Lentinus edodes IY103, Lyophyllum sp. IY402, Agaicus sp. IY701 및 IY703, Schizophyllum commune IY804, IY810 및 IY818, Cordyceps sp. IY902등 10균주였으며, 이들의 GPT활성은 각각 80.0%, 75.5%, 78.2%, 75.2% 73.6%, 75.0%, 75.1%, 77.7%, 77.5% 및 78.4%로 나타났다.

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Antitumor Activities of Spray-dried Powders with Different Molecular Masses Fractionated from the Crude Protein-bound Polysaccharide Extract of Agaricus blazei Murill

  • Hong, Joo-Heon;Kim, Seok-Joong;Ravindra, Pogaku;Youn, Kwang-Sup
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.600-604
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    • 2007
  • In this study, we first prepared 3 kinds of powders with different molecular masses from the crude protein-bound polysaccharide extract of Agraricus blazei Murill through ultrafiltration, followed by spray-drying. Then, the antitumor activities of the powders were analyzed. Size exclusion chromatography coupled with a multi-angle laser-light-scattering system showed the 3 powders had the following molecular ranges: below 10 kDa (SD-1), 10 to 150 kDa (SD-2), and above 150 kDa (SD-3), representing peak molecular weights of $8.26{\times}10^3,\;9.65{\times}10^4$, and $5.94{\times}10^6\;g/mol$, respectively. All the powders stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells to produce nitric oxide, of which SD-2 and SD-3 were superior to the crude extract powder (CP-SD), while SD-1 showed the lowest activity. Similar results were found for their cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and AGS), where the highest activity was obtained with the SD-2 treatment for 72 hr at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. The MCF-7 cell line was less sensitive to the powders than the other cells. From this research we found that ultrafiltration, in combination with spray-drying, is applicable for preparing protein-bound polysaccharide powders with higher antitumor activities.

양송이의 관능적 특성에 대한 감마에너지의 영향 (Organoleptic Characteristics of Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) As Functions of Post-Irradiation Period)

  • 권중호;변명우;김석원;양재승;차보숙;조한옥
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.285-289
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    • 1990
  • 양송이의 신선도 연장을 위한 감마선조사가 버섯의 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 채점시험으로 평가해 보았다. $1{\sim}3kGy$의 감마선은 조사 직후 양송이의 견고도를 유의적으로 감소시켰으나(p<0.05), 시료의 외관, 향 및 맛에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 저장기간 중$(9{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;80{\pm}7%\;RH)$ 버섯의 관능적 품질평가에서 일간 저장된 시료는 외관(p<0.01), 조직 (p<0.01), 향(p<0.01) 및 맛(p<0.01)에 있어서 처리구간에 고도의 유의차를 나타내어 무처리 대조시료는 저장 후 1주 이내에 별질 되었으나 조사구는 17일 이후에도 식용이 가능한 것으로 평가되었다.

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양송이 수확 후 배지로부터 분리한 Bacillus subtilis AB-55가 생산하는 xylanase의 특성 (Xylanase properties of Bacillus subtilis AB-55 isolated from waste mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus)

  • 최원호;최용수;장갑열;윤민호
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 2012
  • A bacterium AB-55, isolated from waste mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus in Sukseong-myeon, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, was screened onto xylan agar congo-red plate by the xylanolysis method and was used to produce an xylanase in shaker buffle flask cultures containing oat spelt xylans. The phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence data showed that the strain AB-55 had the highest homology (99.0%) with Bacillus subtilis and it was named as Bacillus subtilis AB-55. A xylanase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (50~80%), gel filtration on sephacryl S-300, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE sepharose FF. The molecular weight of the xylanase was estimated as 44 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Optimal pH and temperature for the xylanase activity was pH 7 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was identified as Ser-Ala-Val-Lys-His-Gly-Ala-Ile-Val-Phe. The substrate specificity of the enzyme exhibited that it hydrolyzed efficiently oat spelt xylan as well as beechwood xylan, but showed no activity against Avicel and carboxymethyl clellulose (CMC). The enzyme activity was enhanced by $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ whereas was entirely inhibited by $Hg^+$.