• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1991

This stduy was conducted to find out the changes of estradiol-17$\beta$ and progesterone levels in the plasma of Cheju mares during gestatation period and before and after parturition with 12 heads of Cheju ponies. The results are as follows : 1. The estradiol-17$\beta$ and progesterone levels on the 1~4 months showed 61.6~134.2pg/ml and 7.74~9.20ng/ml respectively, but the estradiol-17$\beta$ levels rapidly increased to 426.4~1772.9pg/ml, and the progesterone levels decreased to 1.42~5.43ng/ml on the 5~10 months of gestation period. 2. The progesterone levels of the pregnant and the non-pregnant mares showed 4.80ng/ml and 0.04ng/ml in winter, respectively, but both of the two appeared 1,211.5pg/ml and 99.4pg/ml of estradiol-17$\beta$, respectively. Therefore the diagnosis of pregnancy might be more accurate with the levels of estrdiol-17$\beta$ in autumn. 3. The progesterone levels showed 3.20ng/ml the day before parturition and less than 1ng/ml on 2 days after parturition. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels, showing the rising trend, and 90.1~162.4pg/ml up to 10 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the immunogenicity of autogenous E coli vaccines and their preventive effects on diarrhea in suckling piglets. Autogenous E coli live and killed vaccines were made from the E coli strains isolated from piglets showing diarrhea in field. In group I, pregnant sows were administered with live and killed vaccines at 4 and 2 weeks before parturition, respectively, Killed vaccines were administered twice to pregnant sows at 4 and 2 weeks before parturition in group II, and saline instead of autogenous E coli vaccines was administered to pregnant sows in group III for the control. After parturition, antibody titers in colostrum and milk from sows, incidence of diarrhea in suckling piglets, and immunoreactivity in the ileum of piglets from each treatment group were examined. The results were as follows ; 1. Sixty-two strains of E coli were isolated from suckling piglets with diarrhea. Of the strains, K88 pilus and K99 pilus antigens were identified in 6(9.8%) and 4(6.5%), respectively. Molecular weights of K88 and K99 pilus were 27,500 and 18,500 daltons, respectively. 2. Antibody titers in colostrum from sows after parturition were 1 : 512 to 1 : 1,024 in group I, 1.256 to 1.512 in group II, and 1 : 4 to 1 : 16 in group III. 3. The incidences of diarrhea In suckling piglets of group I, II and III were 3.3%, 9.4% and 21.4%, respectively. 4. When the immunoreactivity in the ileum of piglets from each group was examined, the proportion of IgG-immunoreactivity cells in group I or II was higher than that in group III. In conclusion, administration of autogenous E coli vaccines to pregnant sows before parturition can be an effective way to prevent diarrhea in suckling piglets.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 1985

This study is designed to evaluate serum free unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipid, creatinine and prostaglandin concentrations to provide normal values for physiological barometers and preliminary information related to these chemical components on the stages of pregnancy and parturition in female rats. Forty female rats are devided into 8 groups. One control group contains 5 intact, nonpregnant female rats and the other 5 pregnancy groups contains each of 5 pregnant rats which are 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21days after pregnancy. The remaining 2 parturition groups contain each of 5 postparturient rats which are 12 and 36 hours after parturition. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. The mean concentrations of free unsaturated fatty acid in serum of the female rats ranges from 6.47 to 8.22 mg/dl. The level of pregnancy group that is 21 days being lower. 2. The mean concentrations of phospholipid in serum of the female rats ranges from 86 to 105 mg/dl. There is no marked difference between all of these groups, especially the levels of 12 days after pregnancy group and 36 hours after parturition group are lower than those of other groups. 3. The mean concentrations of crecatinine in serum of the female rats ranges from 0.64 to 0.84 mg/dl. There is no marked difference between all of 8 groups and the levels of 21 days after pregnancy group are higher than those of other groups. 4. The mean concentrations of prostaglandin in blood of the female rats rarges from 324 to $1208pg/m{\ell}$ and increases from $736pg/m{\ell}$ (18 days after pregnancy) to maximal levels of $1208pg/m{\ell}$ immediately after parturition. and then decreased progressively. Especially, each mean concentration of prostaglandin on 9, 12, or 15 days after pregnancy and mean concentrations of 5 pregnant groups are lower than those of nonpregnant female rats. 5. It is suggested that serum concentrations of free unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipid and creatinine in female rats are not related to the stages of pregnancy and parturition but prostaglandin concentrations influence the initiation of parturition in this species.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 1996

Ketosis can exist in both clinicla and subclinical forms. Detection of the subclinical form of ketosis by the use of a nitroprusside based test powder gas been shown to be a relatively simple and reliable procedure. Howere, very liffle is known about the indcidence or prevalence of the subclinical ketosis in Korea. In the present study, samples of urine taken from 288 dairy cows in Chonnam area were examined to demonstrate the presence of ketone bodies, using ross test. All the cows were within 4 weeks either before or after parturition. The gerd size was from 10 to more than 100 cows, and the cows did not show any clinical signs of ketosis. Of the 288 cows, 85 (29.5%) were positive to Ross test; of the positive cases 42.4% were +, 44.7% were ++, and the remaining 12.9% were +++. The prevalence increased from 3rd parity, peaked at 6th parity and thereafter decreased. The prevalence was higher after parturition than before parturition, with the highest occurrence during the 2nd week after calving. The prevalence was higher during winter. Also cows kept indoor throughout the year showed higher occurrence of the subclinical ketosis. The subclinical ketosis did not affect the specific gravity of the urine; however, increasing amount of ketone bodies in the urine decreased the pH of urine.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-77
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate optimal time of artificial insemination (AI) to Hanwoo female after natural estrus. AI was occurred 12 and 24 hours after natural estrus in both heifer and multiparous recipient then pregnancy and parturition rates were estimated. Results indicated that AI performed at 24 hours after natural estrus showed significant (p<0.05) higher pregnancy rate in both heifer and multiparous recipient groups with significantly (p<0.05) higher abortion rate. However, there are no significant differences of parturition rate, twin birth and sex ratio in both heifer and multiparous recipient groups. Therefore, our results may suggest that performance of AI at 24 hours after natural estrus promise higher pregnancy rate than AI at 12 hours after natural estrus in both heifer and multiparous recipient.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2000

Objectives : These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of the administration on Korean herbal medicines, Kyoaekungkue-tang, Bojungykki-tang, Kungso-san, Antae-eum, and Antaegumchul-tang, on the reproductive functions in pregnant mice. Methods : Prepared herbal medicines(Kyoaekungkue-tang, Bojungykki-tang, Kungso-san, Antae-eum, Antaegumchul-tang) were administered to three different pregnant staged mice. We designed 3 experiments as follows; prepared herbal medicine administered from ovulation to embryo implantation (Experiment I), or administered after implantation to fetal organogenesis (Experiment II) and lastly administered from end of organogenesis to parturition (Experiment III). At day 14 of pregnancy, the whole uteri of half of the treated mice were retrieved from the Experiment I and in the Experiment II the implantation and mean weight of the fetuses were examined. The mean numbers of offspring, sex ratio and mean birth weight were examined in the other half of the mice. Results : The results from these studies were summarized as followed; 1. From the experiment I (administered from ovulation to embryo implantation), the no. of implantation between control and herbal medicine treated groups were shown similar results. Litter size after parturition was significantly decreased in the herbal medicine treated groups, except for Antaegumchul-tang. However, the mean weight of offspring after parturition showed a tendency to increase in the three herbal medicine treated groups. 2. From the experiment II (administered after implantation to fetal organogenesis), the implantation rates from the herbal medicine treated groups increased more significantly than that of the control Also, litter size and birth weight in the herbal medicine groups, except Antaeeum, increased more significantly than that of the control group. 3. From the experiment III group (administered after organogenesis to parturition), the mean number of offspring in Kyoaekungkue-tang and Antaegumchul-tang treated groups were significantly increased than that of control However, the litter size of the Kungso-san treated mice was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. Compared with the control and other herbal treated groups, the mean weight of fetuses after parturition in the Kyoaekungkue-tang and Antaegumchul-tang treated groups increased significantly. Conclusions : From these results, it can be concluded that Antaegumchul-tang showed more beneficial effects on the reproductive functions, implantation, maintenance of pregnancy, litter size and mean weight than other herbs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1993

This study examined the incidence of disease and blood biochemical values in 68 Holstein cattle during the a month period after parturition. In order to compare the blood biochemical values, the animals were divided into 2 groups of prepartum and 4 groups of postpartum according to the blood collecting day, respectively. The results compared postpartum with prepartum were obtained as follows : the incidences of displacement of abomasum, culled and retained placenta were 11.8%. 13.2% and 8.8%, respectively. In the normal group(pre and post parturition group), NEFA and bilirubin were increased. Triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly lower than In the pre-parturition group, and total lipid was decreased. In the disease group, displacement of abomasum was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA, triglyceride and bilirubin. Culled was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA, AST and bilirubin. but lower than in the normal group in the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. Retained placenta was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA and bilirubin, but lower than in the normal group in the levels of triglyceride.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to examine the reproductive performance of dairy cow at alpine area. 1,515 dairy cows were managemented at above 800m of sea level around the Dea-Gwan Ryeong in Kangweon-Do. The results at this study were as follows ; 1. The average first estrus was 105.0 days after pastruation. 2. The highest percentage ofpregnancy(26.4%) and parturation(27.6%) were obtained at September to November and June to August, respectively. 3. The rate of pregnancy was 61.0%. Pregnancy rates according to insemination times of 1, 2 and 3 were 60.8, 23.5 and 9.8%, respectively and insemination time per pregnancy was 1.64. 4. Ages of first inseminatin, pregnancy and parturition of heifer were 17.9, 18.6 and 27.7 months, respectively. 5. Time of postpartum pregnancy was 133.0 days after parturition, and pregnancy period and calving interval were 279.6 and 410.3 days, respectively. 6. Six ratio of offspring was 52.1% of female versus 47.9% of male, and the proportion of twins was 0.65%. 7. The proportions of normal parturition, stillbirth and abortion were 91.9, 2.2 and 5.9%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1985

Hog cholera serum neutralizing antibody of piglets and sows were titrated by means of END SN method. The piglets of a variety of ages, precolostrally immunized with LOM living HC vaccine were subjected to the test. The sows were vaccinated with lapinized living HC vaccine after 25 days from the parturition. Throughout the studies the following results were obtained and summarised. 1. Hog cholera antibody titers of inbred sows immunized with lapinized living HC vaccine after 25 days from parturition were high except Hampshire group(Table 2). 2. Sows, different stage of the pregnancy or the day of parturition, and of 3 way crossed, that were immunized with lapinized living HC vaccine have shown no significant difference on HC antibody titer(Table 2, 3). 3. HC antibody titers of piglets, immunized with a single dose of LOM HC vaccine before feeding colostrum, were high in case of the younger group(1 week) compare to the older(7 week) (Table 4). 4. The piglets that were booster immunized with LOM HC vaccine at the age of 7 weeks have shown an inconsistent antibody titers(Table 5).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.267-273
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• 1992

The purpose of present study was to investigate the progesterone concentrations throughout gestation and peripartum period, and the return to the first estrus postpartum for improvement of reproductive efficiency in Korean native goats. The average length of gestation was 148 days(range : 144~154 days) and the average number of live births was 2 kids(range : 1~5 kids) in 12 Korean native goats. Progesterone concentrations were measured in blood samples taken from 12 goats every 5 days during gestation period. Plasma progesterone concentrations were 0.10 ng/ml at Day 0 of pregnancy and increased gradually until Day 20(6.58 ng/ml). Then they decreased slightly from Day 30 to 40(range : 4.32~4.82 ng/ml), increased again after Day 40 and remained thereafter until Day 140(range : 4.32~10.36 ng/ml). The progesterone levels declined sharply to basal levels at parturitum. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the pestpartum were 6.98 ng/ml at 10 days, 4.86 ng/ml at 6 days 3.18 ng/ml at 2 days before parturition, and 0.10 ng/ml at parturition, respectively. The basal levels were maintained until the first estrus postpartum. The mean intervals from parturition to the first estrus postpartum on the basis of progesterone determination and estrus detection were $100{\pm}64(mean{\pm}S.D.)$ days in 7 Korean native goats.