• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1987

조미료로 널리 사용되고 있는 monosodium glutamate(MSG)의 세포독성 및 돌연변이 유발성을 일차 배양 간세포에서 조사하였다. MSG를 세포 배양액에 첨가하여 24시간 동안 간세포에 처리한 결과 0.5% 농도까지는 간세포에 아무런 독성을 나타내지 않았으며 비주기성 DNA합성이나 DNA 단사 절단도 유발시키지 않았다. 1% MSG에서는 간세포의 생존율이 약간 저하되었으나 이 농도에서도 돌연변이 유발성이 전혀 없는 것으로 판명되었으며, aflatoxin B$_1$과 동시 처리시에도 aflatoxin B$_1$에 의한 DNA 손상을 증가 또는 감소시키지 않았다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1985

A. flavus NRRL 3357의 발육(發育)과 발암물질(發癌物質)인 aflatoxin 생산(生産)에 최적 조건(條件)을 부여하여 홍삼(紅蔘) 사포닌을 첨가(添加)한 배지(培地)에서 배양한 균체(菌體)의 발육(發育)과 aflatoxin 생산능력(生産能力)을 조사하였다. Aflatoxin 정량은 HPLC를 이용하였고 균체발육(菌體發育)은 건조균체(乾燥菌體) 측정법(測定法)에 의하여 실시하였다. 홍삼(紅蔘) 사포닌 첨가배지(添加培地)에서 균체발육(菌體發育)은 대조군(對照群)과 큰 차이가 없었고 배양 4일째에 최대 발육을 나타내었다. Aflatoxin 생산능력(生産能力)은 홍삼(紅蔘) 사포닌 첨가배지(添加培地)에서 aflatoxin $B_1$과 $G_1$이 각각 대조군(對照群)의 31.6%, 2.12%로 억제효과(抑制效果)를 나타내었다. 균체발육(菌體發育) 및 독소생산(毒素生産)에 의한 배지(培地)의 변화(變化)는 거의 대등한 차이를 보이나 대조군(對照.群)보다는 높게 나타났다. 전기영동(電氣泳動)은 SDS/polyacrylamide gel을 이용하였으며 홍삼(紅蔘) 사포닌 첨가배지(添加培地)에 발육(發育)한 균체(菌體)단백질 패턴의 intensity는 대조군(對照群)보다 낮게 나타났다. A. flavus 균체(菌體)단백질은 비교적 낮은 분자량을 가진 단백질들의 생성이 많았다. 따라서 홍삼(紅蔘) saponin은 invitro 실험(實驗)에서 aflatoxin $B_1$ 및 $G_1$의 생성(生成)을 효과적(效果的)으로 억제(抑制)함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1995

The antimutagenic effects of 46 kinds of medicinal plants that have been used as traditional folk antitumor agents in Korea were studied by using Ames mutagenicity test. Most of the methanolic extracts from the plants which were used in this experiment showed strong antimutagenic activity toward aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in Salmonella typhimrium TA100 and TA98. However, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) induced mutagenicity was not blocked by adding the methanolic extracts of the plants except persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Thunberg)and Elaeagnus umbellata.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1686-1689
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• 2003

The ability of ten probiotic bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen aflatoxin $G_1$,$G_2$ and $B_2$ was assessed. The strains were incubated in vitro with aflatoxins and the toxin residues in the supernatant were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The aflatoxin $G_1$ binding capacity of the strains was found to strain dependent, most efficient binding of AF$G_1$ was observed by L. acidophilus CU028 and L. brevis CU06 which bound approximately 50%. L. acidophilus CU028 was capable of bind approximately 67% of AF$G_2$, difference in their binding ability showed statistical significance (p>0.05). L. acidophilus CU028 and L. helveticus CU 631 were the best binders and the strains were observed to possess variable AF$B_2$-binding ability in the range was from 38.0% to 55.9%. Lactobacillus acidophilus CU028 was the best common binders of the three types of food carcinogen aflatoxins. The application of binding phenomenon in the removal of mycotoxins from contaminated feeds is urgently needed to improve the safety of feeds.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.630-635
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• 1996

For a survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M$_{1}$ (AFM$_{1}$) in domestic cow's milk, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, and quantitated the toxin in cow's milk. In order to produce specific antibodies AFM, conjugated to bovine serum albumin (AFM$_{1}$-BSA) and Freund's adjuvant were immunized subcutaneously to rabbits. By use of the antiserum showing the highest titer and AFB$_{1}$-HRP conjugate, we established a competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) for AFM$_{1}$, whose detection limit was 0.003 ppb. The cross-reactivities of the antiserum against aflatoxin M$_{1}$ M$_{2}$, B$_{1}$, B$_{2}$, G$_{1}$, G$_{2}$, B$_{2a}$, and G$_{2a}$, were 100, 29.9, 25.0, 2.7, 13.0, 0.65, 0, and 0%, respectively. When the cdELISA was applied to the cow's milk spiked with AFM$_{1}$ and followed by cleanup with C$_{18}$ cartridge, the mean recovery of the assay was 104% (mean of CV, 6.4%) in the final concentration of 0.01-1 ppb (10-1, 000 ppt). When cow's milk samples gathered from markets and farms were assayed by the cdELISA, the mean concentration and SD of AFM$_{1}$ was 80.4 $\pm$ 55.0 ppt (n=64; range, 5.6-280 ppt).

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1995

Microsomes from human liver sample HL 110 oxidized aflatoxin $B_1$ $(AFB_1)$ to $AFB_1$ exo-8, 9-epoxide which was detected as a glutathione (GSH) conjugate with excess GSH S-transferase and to aflatoxin $Q_1$ ($AFB_1$; 3$\alpha$-hydroxyafiatoxin $B_1$), and testosterone to 6$\beta$-hydroxytestosterone. Anti-P450 3A4 nearly completely inhibited all of the reactions. Some fiavonoids inhibited all of the reactions. While other fiayonolds stimulated 8, 9-epoxidation and inhibited 3$\alpha$-hydroxylation. Gestodene inhibited all of the reactions when gestodene was metabolized by human liver microsomal P450 3A4 prior to adding substrate. But, ges-todene was added in the enzyme mixtures in the presence of $AFB_1$, it could not inhibit 8, 9-epoxidation of $AFB_1$. Nifedipine and troleandomycin inhibited both of the reactions of $AFB_1$ but only 3$\alpha$-hydroxylation was inhibited by the oxidation product of nifedipine. Although, troleandomycin was known as a mechanism-based inhibitor, the chemical did not show any detectable inhibitory effect on 6$\beta$-hydroxylation of testosterone. The results suggest that there are several different substrate-binding sites on P450 3A4.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1996

The effect of allyisothiocyanate, the mahor compound of radish on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus R-716 and aflatoxin production, was investigated. An increase in the level of allylisothiocyanate results in a decrease both growth and aflatoxin per myclial weight, and the addition of 125 ppm allylisothocynate completely inhibited the growth of the strain. The addition of allylisothiocyanate to the culture of R-716 strain the production of aflatoxin. The inhibition of aflatoxin was more B-group than G-group and M-group during cultural period. The growth of strain and aflatoxin production were greatly affected by the addition of allylisothiocyanate.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.164-170
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• 1998

발효식품이 유해곰팡이에 의한 발암물질(aflatoxin)생성에 미치는 억제 효과에 관한 연구의 일환으로 유산균 및 유산균 발효유가 Asperillus Parasiticus ATCC 15517의 성장과 aflatoxin 생성에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 발효유를 일정 농도별로 첨가한 YES 배지에서 Asperillus Parasiticus를 배양말기에 대조군에 비하여 건조 균체량, 배양물의 pH, 그리고 alftoxin 생성량 등이 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). Aflatoxin B1은 48.6~58.1% 각 감소되었으며 G1은 29.8~34.2%가 감소되었다. 이 발효유의 발효에 사용된 유산간균(lactobacillus casei)과 Asperillus Parasiticus를 변형 APT 배지에 혼합 배양한 결과 Asperillus Parasiticus 단독 배양의 경우에 비하여 균체량이 배양 5일째까지는 현저하게 억제되었으나 배양 말기에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 배양 말기에 단독 배양의 경우보다 pH가 훨씬 감소되고 (p<0.05) aflatoxin의 생성량도 감소되었다. 이로부터 발효유는 유해곰팡이인 Asperillus Parasiticus의 성장과 aflatoxin 생성을 억제시키는 효과를 가짐을 알 수 있으며, 이는 발효에 관여한 미생물의 경쟁뿐만 뿐만아니라 유산균의 대사산물에 의한 영향으로 보여진다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.294-298
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• 1996

By the 505 chromotest which utilized Escherichia bolt PQ 37, Korean medicinal plants had been screened to Investigate the antimutagenic effect to aflatoxin B1(AFBl). Ikmocho(IMC, Leonurus sibiricus L.) was extracted with hot water. The extract was not found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella mutation test with or without metabolic activation, and the extract was showed to possess the antimutagenic properties towards AFB1-induced metation. The mutagenicity of AFB1 was inhibited by methanol soluble fracstion (IMC-MS) in dose-dependent. However, water-soluble fraction exhibited comutagenic activity. The greatest inhibitory effect of IMC-MS on AFB1 mutagenicity occurred when IMC-MS was first incubated, AFB1 followed by a second incubation with the cells and 59 mixture. Also lower inhibition was occurred when S9 mixtures were first incubated, with IMC-MS followed by a second incubation with AFBI. The results of the sequential incubation study support the probability that one mechanism of inhibition could involve the formation of chemical complex between IMC-MS and AFB1 rather than deactivation of S9 enzyme.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1990

To investigate the effect of cultural condition on the aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flayus ATCC 15517, mixed culture with Aspergillus niger, better kind of media and size of Cultural vessels were examined. YES medium was better than SLS medium for this study. Small scale test tube culture was showed the possibility to simply examine the growth, total acidity, pH and aflatoxin production during cultivation, and also could reduce the second contamination of aflatoxin B1 from large scale broth cultured. Especially ELISA method is simple, sensitive and specific and therefore well suited to small scale of test tube culture. Mixed culture significantly reduced the aflatoxin production of Aspergillus fiavus ATCC 15517 and showed almost 95% inhibition of that level during the incubtation.