• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) applied to the unilateral upper extremity on the muscle activation of contralateral lower extremity. Twenty-two healthy subjects (mean age of 23.7 years) participated in this study. Method : PNF patterns applied on the unilateral upper extremity in all subjects were the flexion/abduction/external rotation and lifting pattern. The hold and appoximation techniques for the irradiation were applied to end range of both patterns. Muscle activations in four patterns were measured in vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius medial muscles of contralateral lower extremity using surface EMG system. Each EMG value in individual muscle was normalized for maximal voluntary contraction. The data were analyzed by one factor analysis of variance with repeated measure test. Result : There were significant differences in the between-subject effect (muscles) and within-subject effect (patterns) in comparison of muscle activation by application of PNF patterns (p<.05). The irradiation led to higher activation in the flexion/abduction/external rotation pattern than that of lifting pattern in all muscles (p<.05). The approximation techniques revealed more activations than these of hold technique in all muscles (p<.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that the application of PNF patterns to the unilateral upper extremity affect on the muscle activation of contralateral lower extremity and increase according to the intensity of resistance. This mechanism of contralateral effect might provide a help to the development of treatment method for the affected side and functional improvement for the patients who have damages of central nervous system or musculoskeletal problems by orthopedic injury.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 국제물류시장에서 활동하고 있는 복합운송주선업체가 기존 고객과 지속적인 거래관계를 유지하기 위해 어떤 요인이 중요한지 규명하기 위하여 관계마케팅의 개념과 도구를 적용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 고객과 지속적인 관계 지향적인 활동요인으로서 고객과 접촉강도(contact identity with customer), 상호개방성(two-way communication), 협력적 의도(cooperative intention)는 거래관계의 지속성(relationship continuity)에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추가로 구매방식(온라인/오프라인 의존도)과 서비스의 형태(표준과 맞춤형)의 상황별 분석에 있어서는 서비스의 형태별로는 거래의 지속성에 차이가 없었으나, 구매방식별로는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 오프라인 거래방식보다 온라인 거래방식 의존도가 높은 경우 거래관계의 지속성을 확보하는데 필요한 별도의 마케팅 전략을 수립하여 실행에 옮길 필요성을 제기하였다. 아울러 복합운송주선업체가 관계마케팅을 활용하는데 따른 시사점과 향후 연구 과제를 제시하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2012

Despite of a long history of the sulfur on the disease healing effect, there were limited ways of applying sulfur to animal and human. We have developed the detoxified sulfur (non toxic sulfur) method to make it practical and mass production possible through laboring for many years. This study practiced scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis to investigate the physicochemical aspect of detoxified sulfur. We also performed the oral toxicity experiment to mice, and anti-bacterial test of the detoxified sulfur. Based on the SEM, EDS and SIMS results, the united particles in the mass form with the similar component intensity with the raw sulfur were observed, and hydrogen sulfide ion (HS-) component which is regarded as a toxic matter, was decreased after detoxification. Indeed, toxicity test on the mice (10 males, 10 females) showed no clinical, histopathological changes with the 5 times amount (2,500 mg/kg) of the actual doses. However, the male-mice showed decreased in body weight by 23.6%, 24.3% in the 7th, 14th day, respectively, after detoxified sulfur. Moreover, the female-mice administered the detoxified sulfur showed decreased in body weight by 28.7% (P<0.05) than that in the control group on the 14th day. The result of antibacterial test on the detoxified sulfur showed antibacterial effect (27%) to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It is shown that detoxified sulfur can be used as feed additive and has an affect on the farm perfomance.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2015

Recent droughts in South Korea have had large economic and environmental impacts across the country. Changes in rainfall and hydrologic patterns due to climate change can potentially increase the occurrence of extreme droughts and affect the future availability of water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate drought vulnerability for water resources planning and management, and identify the appropriate mitigation actions to conduct a drought risk analysis in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is changes in the temporal trends of drought characteristics in South Korea to examine drought impacts under climate change. First, the changes of drought occurrence were analyzed by applying the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations, and were analyzed for the past 30 years (1981-2010), and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios (2011-2100). Second, the changes on the temporal trends of drought characteristics were performed using run theory, which was used to compare drought duration, severity, and magnitude to allow for quantitative evaluations under past and future climate conditions. These results show the high influence of climate change on drought phenomenon, and will contribute to water resources management and drought countermeasures to climate change.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.160-164
• /
• 1999

해양 세균을 이용하여 규조류, Chaetoceros spp. 적조의 방제기술 개발을 위한 목적의 일환으로 우리나라 연안에서 분리된 Alteromonas sp. SR-14가 여러 가지 조건하에서 Chaetoceros calcitrans의 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Alteromonas sp. SR-14를 C. calcitrans와 혼합배양하였을 때 조류 증식 저해활성은 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 강하였으나 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 활성이 없었다. 그리고 C. calcitrans의 초기농도가 약 $10^4$ cells/ml이었을 때 Alteromonas sp. SR-14를 10 cells/ml 이하만 접종하여도 증식을 저해하였다. Alteromonas sp. SR-14는 대수기의 C. calcitrans에 대해서 저해 활성이 강하였고, 무기 영양염의 첨가나 1,300$\~$4,600 lux에서 조도변화 및 200 rpm으로의 진탕 등의 배양조건은 세균의 조류증식 저해활성에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2017

The recent domestic construction market is in a difficult situation due to reduction of the government's SOC budget and new orders from public-sector, and the deterioration of housing supply situation in the private sector etc. In addition, the number of disasters in the construction industry has increased in recent years with 26,570 people (up 5.7% from the previous year) in 2016, unlike other industries that are in a declining trend. As such, the construction industry has unique characteristics and problems such as high industrial accidents rate, abnormal subcontracting structure, excessive working hours and work intensity. As a result, the construction workers have a lot of job stresses. Job stress has been recognized as one of the major causes of industrial accidents and many researches have been conducted on that. However, most of the researches were about the factors that induce job stress and how these factors affect disaster occurrence, job satisfaction, job performance, turnover intentions, and job exhaustion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of positive psychological capital on job stress, which is emerging as a new human resources development paradigm useful in corporate management in order to find ways to reduce job stress. To do this, 347 data collected from construction workers in Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungcheong provinces were analyzed using statistical package(IBM SPSS 22) for basic statistical analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis. As a result, positive psychological capital has shown an alleviate effect on job stress. In particular, the higher the optimism, hope, and resiliency of positive psychological capital, the lower the job stress. However, the higher the self - efficacy, the higher the job stress.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in self competence between children from multicultural families and children from Korean families, and to study how interparental conflict and peer relationship influence the self competence of children. The subjects of the present study were 138 children of multicultural families and 254 children of Korean families in the 3rd or 4th grade in Seoul, Daegu, Gyeong-gi province, and Gyeong-buk province. The instruments of measurement were the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict, Friendship and the Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Date were analyzed by independent samples T-test, MANCOVA, ANCOVA and multiple regression using the SPSS program. The results showed there was significant difference in the self competence of children between those from multicultural families and those from Korean families, but there was no significant difference when income was controlled. Second, for children of multicultural families, gender, income, and the intensity of interparental conflict had significant influence on self competence while gender, aid, conflict, and disclosure of negative affect in friendship, and being a peacemaker in interparental conflict influenced self competence significantly in the case of children of Korean families.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
• /
• pp.413-414
• /
• 2008

We have studied an organic layer thickness dependent optical properties and microcavity effects for top-emission organic light-emitting diodes. Manufactured top emission device, structure is Al(100nm)ITPD(xnm)/$Alq_3$(ynm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(23nm). While a thickness of hole-transport layer of TPD was varied from 35 to 65nm, an emissive layer thickness of $Alq_3$ was varied from 50 to 100nm for two devices. A ratio of those two layers was kept to about 2:3. Variation of the layer thickness changes a traverse time of injected carriers across the organic layer, so that it may affect on the chance of probability of exciton formation. View-angle dependent emission spectra were measured for the optical measurements. Top-emission devices show that the emission peak wavelength shifts to longer wavelength as the organic layer thickness increases. For instance, it shifts from 490 to 555nm in the thickness range that we used. View-angle dependent emission spectra show that the emission intensity decreases as the view-angle increases. The organic layer thickness-dependent emission spectra show that the full width at half maximum decreases as the organic layer thickness increases. Top emission devices show that the full width at half maximum changes from 90 to 35nm as the organic layer thickness increases. In top-emission device, the microcavity effect is more vivid as the organic layer thickness increases.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 소셜네트워크서비스(SNS)상의 빅데이터를 이용한 텍스트 분석기법의 응용으로서 설문 조사 기반의 여론 조사 방법론과 달리 비정형적 언어 기반의 감성 여론 조사 방법론을 제안한다. 기존의 설문 기반 여론 분석모형에 대한 대안적 방법으로 주관성에 기초한 감성 분류 모형을 이용하였다. 이를 위하여, 제20대 국회의원 선거운동 기간 중 선거 관련 실시간 트위터 자료를 수집하여 속성 기반 감성 분석을 이용한 여론의 극성과 강도에 대한 실증 분석을 수행하였다. 개별 SNS에서 사용된 단어의 극성을 분류하기 위해 Lasso 및 Ridge 회귀 모형을 이용하여 극성에 영향력이 큰 변수를 추출하였다. 추출된 변수가 극성에 미치는 긍정 및 부정에 대한 영향을 구분하고, 영향력의 강도를 분석하였다. 대중들이 소셜네트워크상에서 표현한 내용을 바탕으로 한 여론에 대한 긍정 및 부정의 감성 분석을 통해 여론의 향방을 예측하고 극성분석 모형의 정확도를 측정하여, 여론 조사 분야에서 감성 분석 방법론의 적용가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.243-244
• /
• 2009

선박의 표면은 소형선박에서부터 대형까지 매끄럽지 않고 어느 정도의 표면조도(surface roughness)를 가지고 있다. 표면조도는 표면저항과 열전달을 증가시키기 때문에 선박의 설계시 고려해야 될 중요한 설계인자 중 하나이다. 때문에 표면조도에 따른 주위유동에 관한 연구와 조도변화에 따른 유동 및 난류에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 선박의 표면조도는 선박에서 뿐만 아니라 기계나 항공까지 광범위하게 적용이 가능하며 가용 분야 또한 매우 넓다. 본 연구에서는 레저선박의 표면조도 간격변화에 따른 표면유동에 어떠한 영향을 끼치며 표면조도 영역에 따른 경계층에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다.