• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권5_3호
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• pp.953-966
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• 2022

에어로솔(aerosol)은 대기 질을 악화시키는 등 인체 건강에 악영향을 끼치므로 에어로솔의 분포 및 특성에 대한 정량적인 관측이 필수적이다. 최근 전 지구 규모에서의 주기적이고 정량적인 정보 획득 수단으로 위성관측 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) 영상이 다양한 연구에 활용되지만 광학센서 기반의 위성 AOD 영상은 구름 등의 조건을 가진 일부 지역에서 결측을 가진다. 이에 본 연구는 위성자료의 결측복원을 위하여 격자형 기상자료와 지리적 요소를 입력변수로 하여 Random Forest (RF) 기반 gap-filling 모델을 생성한 이후, gap-free GK-2A/AMI AOD hourly 영상을 산출하였다. 모델의 정확도는 -0.002의 Mean Bias Error (MBE), 0.145의 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)로, 원자료의 목표 정확도보다 높으며 상관계수 0.714로 복원 대상이 대기변수인 점을 감안하면 상관계수 측면에서도 충분한 설명력을 갖춘 모델이다. 정지궤도 위성의 높은 시간 해상도는 일변화 관측에 적합하며 대기보정을 위한 입력, 지상 미세먼지 농도 추정, 소규모 화재 또는 오염원 분석 등 타 연구를 위한 자료 활용 측면에서 중요하다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.60-76
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• 2022

본 연구는 기상청에서 운용 중인 영국 the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM)을 리눅스 클러스터에 설치하여 과거 28년 기간에 대해 적분을 수행하고, 추가적인 수치 실험을 수행하여 얻은 결과와 비교한다. 설치한 UKESM은 저해상도 버전이지만, 대류권 대기 화학-에어로졸 과정과 성층권 오존 화학 과정을 동시에 모의하는 United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) 모듈을 포함하고 있는 최신 버전이다. 본 연구에 사용된 UKCA가 포함된 UKESM (UKESM-UKCA)은 전체 대기에서의 화학, 에어로졸, 구름, 복사 과정이 연동된 모델이다. CMIP5 기존 배출량 자료를 사용하는 UKESM 기준 적분 수치 모의와 함께, 동아시아 지역 이산화황(SO₂) 배출이 기상장에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 CMIP5 SO2 배출량 대신 최신의 REAS 배출자료로 교체한 실험 적분 수치 모의를 수행하였다. 두 수치 모의의 기간은 모두 1982년 1월 1일부터 2009년 12월 31일까지 총 28년이며, 모델 결과는 동아시아 지역 에어로졸 광학 두께, 2-m 온도, 강수 강도의 시간 평균값과 시간 변화 경향의 공간 분포를 분석하고 관측자료와 비교하였다. 모델에서 얻어진 온도와 강수 강도의 공간 분포 패턴은 관측자료와 전반적으로 유사하였다. 또한 UKESM에서 모의된 오존 농도와 오존전량의 공간 분포도 위성 관측 자료와 분포 패턴이 일치하였다. 두 UKESM 실험 적분 모의 결과로 얻어진 온도와 강수 강도의 선형 변화 경향의 비교를 통해, 동아시아 지역 SO2 지면 배출은 서태평양과 중국 북부지역에 대한 온도와 강수량의 변화 경향에 중요한 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 슈퍼컴퓨터에서만 운용되던 UKESM이 리눅스 클러스터 컴퓨팅 환경에도 설치되어 운용이 가능하다는 점을 제시한다. 대기 환경 및 탄소순환을 연구하는 다양한 분야의 연구자들에게도 대기-해양-지면-해빙이 상호작용하는 UKESM와 같은 지구시스템모델이 활용될 가능성과 접근성이 높아졌다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2010

Inorganic ions and water are major components of ambient fine particles. Water content in fine particles is mainly determined by ambient meteorological conditions and the concentrations of hygroscopic species such as inorganic ions. Thus, to reduce fine particle mass concentration, it is important to accurately estimate the relationship between water content and the concentration of ions in fine particles. Water content in fine particles in Seoul are estimated by using a gas/particle equilibrium model to understand the characteristics of fine particle mass concentration. In addition, sensitivity of fine particle mass concentration to the changes of particulate ionic species (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) is estimated. It was found that water content in Seoul is mostly determined by the concentrations of the hygroscopic ionic species, especially, sulfate and ammonium, and ambient relative humidity.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.556-562
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• 2011

In the present study, a simple corona-wire charger for unipolar diffusion charging of aerosol particles is designed, constructed, and characterized. Experimental characterizations of the electrostatic discharge in terms of current-voltage relationships of positive and negative coronas of the corona-wire charger are also presented and discussed. The charging current and ion concentration in the charging zone increased monotonically with corona voltage. The negative corona showed higher current than the positive corona. At the same corona voltages, the current in the discharge zone is about 600 times larger than the charging current. The ion number concentrations ranged within approximately $5.0{\times}10^{10}$ to $1.24{\times}10^{16}$ and $4.5{\times}10^{12}$ to $2{\times}10^{16}$ ions/$m^3$ in the discharge and charging zones, respectively. A numerical model is used to predict the behavior of the electric potential lines. Numerical results of ion penetration through the inner electrode are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strength of the near-UV wavelength of 380 nm relative to visible and near-IR bands, and to find the suitable wavelength for detecting aerosols by using the Global Imager (GLI) sensor aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II). Sensitivity analysis is performed for the retrieval of biomass burning aerosols by employing the radiative transfer model Rstar5b. It is determined that background surface reflectance in the blue band is similar to that in the near-UV band, and that wavelengths in the blue bands are more sensitive to the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) than wavelengths in the near-UV band. The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Aerosol Index (AI) is used in the indirect method used for aerosol retrieval, and the wavelength pair 380 nm and 460 nm is determined to be the most sensitive to the AOT. The results of this study suggest that wavelengths in the blue bands are suitable for detecting biomass burning aerosols over the Korean peninsula.

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2012

In this study, we investigate the effects of elliptical shape of Asian dust particles on the estimation of aerosol optical depth by implementing T-matrix method into WRF/Chem Dust Model. The phase function calculated by assuming elliptical particle shape near $110{\sim}160^{\circ}$ of scattering angle showed about 20 times larger than that calculated by assuming spherical particle shape. Significant difference of extinction efficiency was found with an increase of size parameter and aspect ratio. From the simulations of two Asian dust events occurred on 1 April 2007 and 16 March 2010, we found that the difference of extinction efficiency between elliptical and spherical particle shape was about 5~8%. The aerosol optical depth calculated by assuming elliptical particle shape with 1.6, 1.4 and 1.2 of aspect ratio was about $4.0{\pm}0.5%$, $2.0{\pm}0.2%$, and $1.0{\pm}0.1%$ larger than those estimated by assuming spherical particle shape.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.424-432
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• 2002

Numerical analysis has been conducted to characterize deposition rates of aerosol particles onto a heated, rotating disk with electrostatic effect under the laminar flow field. The particle transport mechanisms considered were convection, Brownian diffusion, gravitational settling, thermophoresis and electrophoresis. The aerosol particles were assumed to have a Boltzmann charge distribution. The electric potential distribution needed to calculate local electric fields around the disk was calculated from the Laplace equation. The Coulomb, the image, the dielectrophoretic and the dipole-dipole forces acting on a charged particle near the conducting rotating disk were included in the analysis. The averaged particle deposition vetocities and their radial distributions on the upper surface of the disk were calculated from the particle concentration equation in a Eulerian frame of reference, along with a rotation speed of 0∼1,000rpm, a temperature difference of 0∼5K and a charged disk voltage of 0∼1000V.Finally, an approximate deposition velocity model for the rotating disk was suggested. The present numerical results showed relatively good agreement with the results of the present approximate model and the available experimental data.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.191-208
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• 1998

Estimations of dry and wet depositions in Korea and the size distributions of yellow sand above Korea have been carried out using the Eulerian aerosol model with the simulated meteorological data from the SNU mesoscale meteorological model. The estimated particle size distribution in Korea shows a bimodal distribution with peak values at 0.6 pm and 7 pm and a minimum at 2 pm in the lower layer However, as higher up, the bimodal distribution becomes an unimodal distribution with a peak value at 4∼5mm. Among the total amount of yellow sand deflated in the source regions , the dry and wet deposition fluxes were about 92%, and about 1.3∼0.5%, repectively, and the rest(5∼6%) is suspended in the air, Most of dust lifted in the air during the clear weather is deposited in the vicinity of the source regions by dry deposition and the rest undergoes the long -range transport with a gradual removal by the wet deposition processes. Over Korean peninsula, the total amount of yellow sand suspended in the air was about 6∼8% of the emissions in the source region and the dry and wet deposition fluxes were about 0.005∼0.7% and 0.003∼0.051% of the total emitted amount, repectively. It is estimated that 2.7∼8.9 mesa-tons of yellow sand is transported annually over the Korean peninsula with the annual mean dry deposition of 2.1∼490 kilo-tons and the annual mean wet deposition of 1.5∼65 kilo-tons.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권2_1호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 복사전달모델을 사용하여 다양한 변수환경(파장 (340 nm, 477 nm), 에어로솔 종류(스모크, 황사, 황산염), AOD (aerosol optical depth), 지표면 반사도, 관측기하)에 따라 에어로솔 유효 고도(aerosol peak height; APH)에 대한 O₄ 대기질량인자(air mass factor; AMF)의 민감도를 조사하였다. 전반적으로, 477 nm의 O₄ AMF 가 340 nm 보다 APH에 대한 민감도가 크고 안정적으로 산출 가능한 것으로 확인하였다. AOD가 높을 때 APH에 대한 O₄ AMF의 민감도가 커지는 것을 확인하였다. 477 nm에서는 340 nm 보다 지표면 반사도의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 태양천정각 증가에 따라 340 nm에서의 O₄ AMF가 감소하는 추세를 발견하였으며, 이러한 경향은 태양천정각 40°인 환경에서 높은 Rayleigh 및 Mie 산란에 의한 장벽효과로 인해 O₄ 흡수가 발생하는 광경로 길이가 줄어들기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 477 nm에서는 태양천정각이 증가함에 따라 Rayleigh 및 Mie 산란에 의한 다중산란이 일부 발생하여 O₄ AMF가 비선형함수 형태로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 마지막으로, AOD의 불확실성이 APH 산출오차에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 황산염 타입에 대한 APH 산출 시, AOD의 불확실성으로 인한APH 산출오차가 다른 에어로솔 타입보다 크게 나타났으며, 황사의 경우 AOD 불확실성에 대한 APH 산출오차에 대한 영향이 미미하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 각 에어로솔 타입의 흡수 산란 특성이 다양하기 때문에, 에어로솔 타입이 APH 산출 오차에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2003

A solar radiation model was used to investigate the UV radiation at the surface offing Sejong Station in West Antarctica. The results calculated by this model were compared with the values measured by UV-Biometer and UV-A meter during 1999-2000. In this study, the parameterization of solar radiative transfer process was based on Chou and Lee(1996). The total ozone amounts measured by Breve. Ozone Spectrophotometer and the aerosol amounts by Nakajima et al.(1996) was used as the input data of the solar radiative transfer model. And the surface albedo is assumed to be 0.20 in summer and 0.85 in winter. The sensitivity test of solar radiative transfer model was done with the variation of total ozone, aerosol amount, and surface albedo. When the cosine of solar zenith angle is 0.3, Erythemal UV-B radiation decreased 73% with the 200% increase of total ozone from 100 DU to 300 DU, but the decrease of UV-A radiation is about 1%. Also, for the same solar zenith angle, UV-A radiation was decreased 31.0% with the variation of aerosol optical thickness from 0.0 to 0.3 and Erythemal UV-B radiation was decreased only 6.1%. The increase of Erythemal W-B radiation with the variation of surface albedo was twice that of UV-A increase. The surface Erythemal UV-B and UV-A radiation calculated by solar raditive transfer model were compared with the measured values fer the relatively clear day at King Sejong Station in West Antarctica. The model calculated Erythemal UV-B radiation at the surface coincide well with the measured values except for cloudy days. But the difference between the model calculated UV-A radiation and the measured value at the surface was large because of cloud scattering effect. So, the cloud property data is needed to calculate the UV radiation more exactly at King Sejong Station in West Antarctica.