• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.197-199
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• 2017

A 14-year-old castrated male ShihTzu diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 6 months prior was referred to our clinic. The patient had been experiencing symptoms such as vomiting, poor appetite and hind limbs weakness. Hematology tests showed that he had a non-regenerative anemia. With aggressive treatment, the patient's state had gotten worse. He showed ragged breath, vomiting blood and loss of consciousness temporarily. Hematocrit maintained low level. Gastric hemorrhage was strongly suspected by hematemesis. Whole blood transfusion was performed and heparin was used as an anticoagulant. Prior to transfusion, the blood cross matching between donor and patient was performed and the result was compatible. After the transfusion was stabilized, 1 mg of protamine sulfate for each 100 units of heparin was prepared and given intravenously over 3 minutes to reverse the effects of heparin. Immediately after protamine injection, the patient conducted severe anaphylactic shock. Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the anticoagulant action of heparin in dogs and humans. The adverse reaction of protamine sulfate range from mild reaction to fetal cardiac arrest. When using protamine sulfate as heparin neutralization, it can lead to the death of a patient cause of anaphylactic shock. For this reason, the protamine sulfate should be injected slowly with antihistamine and the clinician should carefully monitor patients.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Leukocytes in blood components are involved in diverse adverse transfusion reactions such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions. Therefore, leukocyte reduction is required to reduce these adverse reactions. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of pre-storage filtration and post-storage filtration. Filtration time, residual leukocyte count, RBC recovery, and hemolysis were assessed after pre-storage or post-storage filtration. Compared to pre-storage filtration, filtration time was prolonged and hemolysis was dramatically increased when post-storage filtration was performed. Residual leukocytes count and RBC recovery after post-storage filtration were similar with those obtained after pre-storage filtration. These results suggest that pre-storage filtration has better efficiency than post-storage filtration. These are thought to contribute to the production of better quality of leukoreduction blood components.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2018

Blood group determination in dogs is an important factor in transfusion medicine to minimize immediate or delayed adverse reactions after red blood cells transfusion in small animal clinics. Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 is the most important blood type due to its high degree of antigenicity causing acute transfusion adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of DEA 1 in various dog breeds in Korea. As a result of testing 592 blood samples from more than 35 dog breeds, DEA 1 blood typing for each breed showed that 57.8% of Malteses, 63.3% of Poodles, 76.2% of Mastiff-like dogs, 72.5% of Pomeranians, 47.7% of Shih Tzus, 70.3% of mixed breeds, 60.0% of Yorkshire Terriers, and 71.4% of Beagles were DEA 1-positive. Miniature Schnauzers and Jindo breeds had a significantly high prevalence (100%) of DEA 1-positive dogs compared to that in other small breed dogs. This is the first report of immunochromatography-detected DEA 1 prevalence in various domestic dog breeds. Although additional studies need clarifying the potential blood transfusion risks in domestic breed dogs with DEA 1, the results of this study may be useful when selecting a blood donor.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2000

Over the past several years, countless patients have benefitted from the use of leeches in microsurgery. As we know, leeches are used to overcome the problem of venous congestion by creating prolonged localized bleeding uniquely characteristics of leech bite. Venous congestion, a common complication of digital replantation, often has been treated through surgical repair like arteriovenous anastomosis. The leech produces a number of important substances which contribute to the special property of the bite, including an anticoagulant, a local vasodilator and local anesthetics. The bite usually bleeds for 1 to 2 hours and under special circumstances may bleed for up to 24 hours. So venous congestion is relieved. However, leeches increase the possibility of infection through their gut content. Infection associated medical leech application is significant risk. Other risk include allergic reaction, adverse psychologic reaction and blood loss requiring transfusion. The 65 cases of medical leech application were performed between August, 1997 and May, 2000 according to an established protocol. The complication were 18 cases ; infection (13 cases), hemorrhage (2 cases), allergic reaction (1 case), psychologic problem (1 case) and hypochromic anemia (1 case). Then our study was performed on the base of indication. As a result, Aeromonas hydrophilia was cultured from gut of medical leech and Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were cultured from media. We present the clinical risk-benefit of the medical leech therapy through several cases following digital replantation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.539-547
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• 2016

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a typical myeloid malignancy characterized by cell dysplasia in bone marrow. Currently, there is no therapeutic treatment for MDS. The only available therapies either relieve symptoms or prevent the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to report the effects of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) on MDS by presenting two case reports. The patient in Case 1 was diagnosed with primary MDS and regularly received acupuncture treatments and herbal medicine. In Case 2, a patient with ovarian cancer was diagnosed with secondary MDS, which resulted from an adverse reaction to chemotherapy. This patient took herbal medicine for four years and was hospitalized three times. In order to have their condition evaluated, both patients underwent regular blood tests. The patient in Case 1, who showed blood transfusion dependency, received only two blood transfusions after TKM treatment, and the person’s health condition was stable as of January 2016 without any signs of AML development. The patient in Case 2 also has stable health condition. TKM treatment effectively treated their MDS symptoms and improved their general health conditions without any adverse effects. It also prevented the rapid development of AML and maximized the effects of conservative therapy.