• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2004

The contrast medium is very commonly used in more than 90% of computed tomography(CT) scans. It is difficult to predict the occurrence of adverse reactions and the degree of adverse reactions are diverse from mild urticaria, itching, nausea, vomiting to even cardiopulmonary arrest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the symptoms, occurrence rate and risk factors of the adverse reactions in patients after contrast injection during CT examinations. Two hundreds sixty-five patients showed symptoms of adverse reactions out of 71,117 adult patients who received intravenous contrast administration during CT scans from January 2003 to December 2003 at a general hospital. Data was collected by reviewing adverse reaction records and electronic medical record. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Adverse reactions occurred in 265 out of a total of 71,117 patients(0.37%). Clinical symptoms of adverse reactions were most commonly dermatologic problems such as urticaria(69.81%) and itching(63.02%), followed by dyspnea(14.34%), dizziness(11.70%), nausea(6.79%), and vomiting(7.17%). 2. Anaphylactoid reactions occurred in 47 out of a total of 265 patients, and their pattern of symptoms were most commonly related to cardiovascular system(90.91%), followed by respiratory system(82.22%), gastrointestinal system(51.72%), and dermatologic system(16.51%). Eleven patients were transferred to emergency room for further treatment and two patients needed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 3. The adverse reactions were significantly more common in women than in men(0.46% vs.0.32%, p=.003) and in type D contrast medium than the others(p<.001). The occurrence rate of adverse reactions was not significantly different according to the age and infusion speed of the contrast medium.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.328-333
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• 2009

Contrast media are substances that are used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. Those are commonly used to enhance the visibility of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to evaluate patients who got injected iopamidol, developed as one of contrast medium regarding changes in cardiovascular system and especially, adverse drug reactions. This study were performed on randomly selected a total of 51 patients (range of 15~85 years old) who got injected contrast medium, Iopamidol at a P hospital in Gyeonggi province from September 22nd, 2008 to January 24th, 2009. Data were collected by questionnaire though person to person. We analyzed the data by SPSS (Version 12. for windows). Methods of analysis were frequency and cross analysis. In results, 19.6% (n=10) were founded for adverse drug reactions of contrast medium. 25.0% (n=4) of 10 patients who had adverse drug reactions of contrast medium had took abdomen contrast test. 2 patients of those took contrast test for chest. Also, 3.9% (n=2) patients felt vomiting and nausea after injection of contrast medium. In conclusion, 19.6% patients experienced adverse drug reaction of contrast medium. Therefore, when taking radiation test, we should make efforts to minimize adverse drug reactions to achieve suitable and effective treatment.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

Contrast medium is a very useful tool for X-ray examinations. But contrast medium has some unavoidable adverse reactions. For those patients who have never received contrast medium before, it is impossible to predict whether they will suffer from certain kinds of adverse reactions. Thus, radiologists should use strategies to minimize adverse events and be prepared to promptly recognize and manage any reactions to the contrast media. If a radiologist commits medical malpractice, he will face civil responsibility. Medical malpractice means a tort or breach of contract that occurs in a medical setting. Medical malpractices happen, despite the efforts of hospital staff. Many courts have applied the traditional doctrine of respondeat superior in actions against organizations for injuries caused by their employees. It is a legal doctrine, which states that an employer is responsible for employee actions performed within the course of the employment. A hospital is an organization for health purposes. An organization may be convicted of an offense committed by an employee of the organization acting in its behalf and within the scope of his office or employment. Organizational liability involves a wide variety of legal issues, including tort liability, wrongful employment practices, personal injury, breach of fiduciary duty, and so on. Many executive directors of organizations are aware of their personal and organizational risks of exposure to legal liabilities. The employer must have the right to control the physical conduct of the employee and must consent to receive the employee's services, while expecting some benefits from the services offered. Therefore, legal liability can be imposed for improper selection, assignment, training, and supervision of employees. In conclusion, the hospital itself has organizational liability for adverse reactions to the contrast medium.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.983-989
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• 2019

Objective: Many types of delayed adverse reactions, such as long-term numbness, occur after injecting contrast medium, but few clinical studies have reported effective treatments for these reactions. We report that herbal medicine can have a positive clinical effect in patients who have experienced long-term numbness after contrast medium injection. Method: A patient who had felt numbness in her head and whole limbs presented at Semyung University Korean Medicine hospital. Her numbness had first started 2 days after injection of contrast medium, and she had felt it constantly for almost 2 years. After admission at the hospital, she took "modified Samul-tang" herbal medicine (120 cc three times per day) from 29 January 2019 to 2 February 2019. We measured her numbness using a numeric rating scale (NRS) on 29 January and 2 February and we compared both scores to determine the degree of favorable and clinical effects of herbal medicine. Result: The NRS score for numbness was 5 for her head and limbs on the first day (29 January), but after 4 days (2 February), the NRS score decreased to 0 for her head and both arms and hands, and it decreased from 5 to 2 for both her legs and feet. Conclusion: Korean herbal medicine can have positive clinical effects on treating adverse reactions due to injection of contrast medium.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2007

Contrast medium is a useful drug for radiological examinations and usability of it gradually increases while it has some inevitable adverse reaction and it is difficult to predict the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions. Although the patient consented permission for the use of contrast media, the hospital could not be exempted from the responsibility for the adverse contrast media reaction. During radiological contrast media examination, the radiologist and the contrast media producer have the duty of precaution, prediction and avoid adverse results. In addition, they have reliabi lity of patient remedy for neglecting the duty. Since contrast medium are manufactured or processed as movable properties, the manufacturers are bound to the product liability if damages occur due to the defects in pharmaceuticals. In consideration of the characteristics of product liability, it is necessary to demand high degree of duty of care and diligence from producer or to reduce patient's burden of proof in a product liability lawsuit. For securing compensation ability and liability implementation, products compensation liability insurance is required for contrast medium manufacturers. In conclusion, contrast medium producer has legal liability for adverse reactions and the contract concluded with producer and hospital including legal liability will reduce liability of hospital and radiologist, patient.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1386-1391
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• 2008

The Korean Product Liability Act established the principle that a manufacturer has a duty to take care of a person who is not the customer who bought the product for him. In this instance, there is a duty to the patient for whom the product was purchased by the hospital from the pharmaceutical company. Therefore, the pharmaceutical company has the product liability for adverse reactions to the contrast medium. But the possibility for the patient to successfully sue the pharmaceutical company is quite low, because the patient needs to prove that a "defect" in the unsafe product was the cause of his injuries. And the physician or the radiological technologist can not reduce his liability risks based on the Product Liability Act. On the contrary, The has the product liability because diluting contrast medium belongs to the product category.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

In this experiment, we investigated 82 patients who suffered adverse reactions due to contrast medium. We selected the subjects out of 21,178 people who had an intravenous injection of contrast medium to undergo MDCT examination at one university hospital in Busan in 2007. As a result, the largest groups of the patients were as follows. 52.4% of the patients were male when classify by gender; 28.0% of the patients were 50's by age; 45% of the patients got when it was spring(April and March); 75.6% of the patients had a side effects when the speed of injection is 2.5mL/sec; 58.5% of the patients were suffered when the volume of injected contrast medium is over 130mL. Urticaria was the main symptom of side effect as 26.8%. And the main treatment for the effect was alleviating the symptoms before making patients to return home. Thus, practical preventive measures are needed as follows : use the OCS system to observe warning signs at risky patients, secure warming spaces for patients to cope with season changing, prepare enough emergency kits for the patients in danger, and establish CPR call systems, explain the risk of contrast medium and get agree about using contrast medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.254-264
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• 2022

The Korean Society of Radiology and Medical Guidelines Committee amended the existing 2016 guidelines to publish the "Korean Clinical Practice Guidelines for Adverse Reactions to Iodide Contrast for Injection and Gadolinium Contrast for MRI: The Revised Clinical Consensus and Recommendations (2022 Third Edition)." Expert members recommended and approved by the Korean Society of Radiology, the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and the Korean Nephrology Society participated together. According to the expert consensus or systematic literature review, the description of the autoinjector and connection line for the infection control while using contrast medium, the acute adverse reaction, and renal toxicity to iodized contrast medium were modified and added. We would like to introduce the revised contents.