• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2011

Objective : The aims of this study are to investigate the trend of internet journalism about the toxicity and safety of the herbal medicine, and to suggest the regulatory solution of the issue. Method : In this study, we had searched the internet news article published from 2001 to 2011 in the five major portal sites-NAVER, DAUM, Nate, Google Korean, and Yahoo Korean. The search terms were 'herbal medicine', 'adverse event', 'toxicity'. If the articles described the same event in the same form and tone, the articles were considered overlapping. The overlapped articles were excluded. The articles were categorized by the form and tone. The form categories were straight news, interpretative story, editorial, interview, and the tone categories are the positive, the negative, and the neutral. The regulations were searched about the negative issue. Result : Total 56 articles were reviewed. There were 19 positive articles, 29 negative articles, 8 neutral articles. Most negative issues have the proper regulations, but insufficient measures for the adverse event reporting system. Conclusion : The herbal medicine specified adverse event reporting system is essential.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2008

Objectives : Analyze according to types of event causing the adverse outcome due to acupotomy, and discuss problems and safety reqirements to using this therapy in Korea. Methods : Based upon the indication, contraindication, treatment procedures, clinical obsevations, acupotomy-related adverse outcome case reports, the factors of damaging event were classified. Results : The main factors of adverse outcome by acupotomy were anatomical ignorance, contamination of device or hospital staff, failure to notice preexisting disease(cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, hemophilia, chronic Liver Disease, etc.), unskilled treatment procedures(massive bleeding) and techniques(nerve injury, hepatic and splenic injury, Pneumothorax). Conclusions : It is mandatory to prepare adequate sterilie aseptic technique. The clinician should ensure understand genernal health state of patient and anatomical direction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to report adverse events in Ojeok-san extract powders RCT. Methods : 180 patients with LBP were randomized into groups for a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. They received Ojeok-san simple Extract, Ojeok-san complex Extract or placebo in powders, orally dissolved 3times a day for 4weeks. During 4weeks, we researched the symptoms and duration of adverse events and Digest ability, Milk hypersensitivity, Starch hypersensitivity, Caramel hypersensitivity, West-med hypersensitivity, Herb-med hypersensitivity in patients who had adverse events. Results : 52patients(28.9%) had adverse events and of them 44patients(28.9%) had lost adverse events naturally. But 5patients(2.8%) were withdrawn from the research because of the adverse events. Most of the symptoms of adverse event was Gastrointestinal symptom(88.3%) and adverse events frequency was not different from Ojeok-san simple Extract, Ojeok-san complex Extract and placebo. Conclusions : Ojeok-san extract powders had adverse events no different from the placebo, which shows that it is a safe drug.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to collect and analyze the clinical studies of traditional herbal medicine and acupuncture treatments for colorectal cancer patients searched in Pubmed and Cochrane library in English. We collected the clinical studies, including randomized controlled trial, case control study and cohort study, in the PubMed and Cochrane library using keywords 'Colorectal Cancer', 'Korean Medicine', 'Traditional Chinese Medicine', 'Kampo' and 'Acupuncture'. Then we analyzed them according to the objective of the therapy, i.e. improving therapy prognosis, reducing chemotherapy's adverse event and reducing operational adverse event. In case RCT, we evaluate the quality of the study with jadad scale. Total 18 studies were selected. There were 3 studies about improving therapy prognosis, 6 studies about reducing chemotherapy's adverse event and 9 studies about reducing operational adverse event. Traditional medicine might improve therapy prognosis in terms of the survival rate, relapse/metastasis rate, quality of life and immune function. The specific herbal formula, 'Goshajinkigan' might not be successful about reducing chemotherapy's adverse event, peripheral neurotoxicity. 'Hangeshanshinto' might reduce the duration of oral mucositis but it is not clear to reduce the incidence of that. 'PHY906' might reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Acupuncture might reduce operational adverse event such as gastrointestinal dysfunction and pain. And 'Daikenchuto' might not be successful in reducing operational adverse event, gastrointestinal dysfunction. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of traditional herbal medicine and acupuncture for colorectal cancer patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Objectives: The use of administrative data is an affordable alternative to conducting a difficult large-scale medical-record review to estimate the scale of adverse events. We identified adverse events from 2002 to 2013 on the national level in Korea, using International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) Y codes. Methods: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). We relied on medical treatment databases to extract information on ICD-10 Y codes from each participant in the NHIS-NSC. We classified adverse events in the ICD-10 Y codes into 6 types: those related to drugs, transfusions, and fluids; those related to vaccines and immunoglobulin; those related to surgery and procedures; those related to infections; those related to devices; and others. Results: Over 12 years, a total of 20 817 adverse events were identified using ICD-10 Y codes, and the estimated total adverse event rate was 0.20%. Between 2002 and 2013, the total number of such events increased by 131.3%, from 1366 in 2002 to 3159 in 2013. The total rate increased by 103.9%, from 0.17% in 2002 to 0.35% in 2013. Events related to drugs, transfusions, and fluids were the most common (19 446, 93.4%), followed by those related to surgery and procedures (1209, 5.8%) and those related to vaccines and immunoglobulin (72, 0.3%). Conclusions: Based on a comparison with the results of other studies, the total adverse event rate in this study was significantly underestimated. Improving coding practices for ICD-10 Y codes is necessary to precisely monitor the scale of adverse events in Korea.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2020

This narrative review introduces global trends in pharmacovigilance (PV) education for healthcare professionals and the status of PV education in Korea. Proactive participation of healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in reporting suspected adverse events is the main driving force for effective operation of the spontaneous adverse event reporting system database, which in turn facilitates early safety signal detection of otherwise unknown suspected adverse events. The World Health Organization recognizes PV education curriculum as a key aspect in promoting awareness of PV and adverse event reporting among healthcare professionals, and multiple studies have demonstrated that PV educational interventions for healthcare professionals have increased overall adverse event reporting. Considering the global trends in PV education, the curriculum in Korean universities still has room for improvement in promoting PV obligation among future healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to develop PV education curriculum. We suggest a three-step project for innovating PV education in Korea to meet the global PV educational standards: a survey to gauge current PV competencies among healthcare professionals, reform of current PV academic curriculum, and evaluation and fine-tuning of the reformed curriculum.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2024

Background: Oral cancer drugs, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are increasingly popular due to their convenience. However, they pose challenges like drug interactions, especially with medications like azole antifungals. While the FDA provides some guidance, more detailed information is needed to manage these interactions effectively. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand the impact of interactions between TKIs and azole antifungals on adverse events during clinical studies. Methods: A meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Data from PubMed, EMBASE, and references were searched until November 30, 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on TKI-antifungal interactions in English. Study selection and quality assessment were conducted by two independent investigators. Results: Out of 158 articles, 11 were selected for analysis. Combination therapy showed a slight increase in adverse events but was not statistically significant (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.49-2.13, p=0.95). AUC and Cmax fold changes did not significantly impact adverse event development. Both itraconazole and ketoconazole showed no significant difference in adverse event development compared to TKI alone. Conclusions: Study finds TKI-DDI not significantly linked to AE increase; azole antifungal types not related to AE. Future DDI research crucial for drug development.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2018

Objective: To compare adverse event reporting patterns between ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs from community pharmacies and outpatient settings. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study using the adverse event reporting database, wherein data were collected from the regional pharmacovigilance centers of the Korean Pharmaceutical Association between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. The reported drugs were classified into either ethical-the-counter or over-the-counter drugs, and we compared the distribution of patient age and gender, frequent adverse events and medications, serious adverse events, and causality assessment results, where causality assessments were performed according to the World Health Organization-The Uppsala Monitoring Centre's system. Results: We included 17,570 reports (75,451 drug-adverse event pairs). Ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs accounted for 81.4% and 18.6% of the total adverse event reports, respectively. The use of over-the-counter drugs was higher in females and patients aged <18 years, whereas the use of ethical-the-counter drugs was higher in those aged >65 years. Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs, and respiratory system drugs were the most frequent ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs, respectively. From causality assessment results, "possible" (75.4%) was the most commonly assigned category for ethical-the-counter drugs, while "possible" (44.0%) and "unlikely" (47.7%) were the most common categories for over-the-counter drugs. The distribution of serious adverse events were similar for both ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs. Conclusion: Differences were observed in age, gender, reported medications, and symptoms for both ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs. Further pharmacovigilance activities considering the adverse event characteristics of over-the-counter drugs, which are comparable to ethical-the-counter drugs, should be performed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2021

To investigate signals of adverse drug reactions of finasteride by using the Korea Adverse Events Reporting System (KAERS) database. This pharmacovigilance was based on the database of the drug-related adverse reactions reported spontaneously to the KAERS from 2013 to 2017. This study was conducted by disproportionality analysis. Data mining analysis was performed to detect signals of finasteride. The signal was defined by three criteria as proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). The signals of finasteride were compared with those of the other drugs; dutasteride (similar mechanism of action), minoxidil (different mechanism but similar indications for alopecia), silodosin (different mechanism but similar indications for BPH). It was examined whether the detected signals exist in drug labels in Korea. The total number of adverse event-drug pairs was reported 2,665,429 from 2013 to 2017, of which 1,426 were associated with finasteride. The number of investigated signals of finasteride was 42. The signals that did not include in the drug label were 29 signals, including mouth dry, hypotension, dysuria etc. The signal of finasteride was similar to that of dutasteride and silodosin but was different to that of minoxidil. Early detection of signals through pharmacovigilance is important to patient safety. We investigated 29 signals of finasteride that do not exist in drug labels in Korea. Further pharmacoepidemiological studies should be needed to evaluate the signal causality with finasteride.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.324-330
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• 2020

Few studies of the side effects of the FMD vaccine have been performed domestically and studies in accordance to region have been limited. This study was performed by inoculating cows raised in the Daejeon province with the FMD vaccine and observing the side effects following inoculation. From January to February of 2011, 3,378 cows vaccinated with the FMD vaccine, in 143 different farms in the Daejeon province were analysed for adverse effects after inoculation. A total of 66 cows showed adverse effects after the first FMD vaccination and adverse effects observed were abortion/stillbirth (24, 36.4%), death (19, 28.8%), premature birth (14, 21.2%), skin lesions (8, 12.1%), vaginal swelling (1, 1.5%). A total of 29 cows showed adverse effects after the second FMD vaccination and adverse effects observed were abortion/stillbirth (17, 58.6%), premature birth (5, 17.2%), facial swelling (4, 13.8%), death (3, 10.3%). Through these results, continuous national research of the side effects of the FMD vaccine should be carried out continuously henceforth.