• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2016

Purpose: Beta blocker (BB) has been prescribed for anxiety and panic disorder. Patients intoxicated by psychiatric drugs have often been exposed to BB. Moreover, BB overdose has adverse effects including cardiovascular effects, which can be life-threatening. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of BB intoxication with psychiatric drugs and the adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Methods: A single center, retrospective study was performed from January 2010 to December 2015. A total of 4,192 patients visited the emergency department (ED) with intoxication, and 69 with BB intoxication were enrolled. Results: Overall, 64 patients (92.8%) of enrolled patients were intoxicated with drugs prescribed for the purpose of psychiatric disorders. Propranolol was the most common BB (62 cases, 96.2%), and the median dose was 140.0 mg (25%-75% 80.0-260.0). Twenty-four patients (37.5%) had experienced cardiovascular events, and these patients tended to have decreased mentality, hypotension and coingestion with quetiapine. An initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 65 mmHg (odds ratio 10.069, 95% confidence interval 1.572-64.481, p=0.015) was identified as a factor of cardiovascular event upon multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Initial MAP below 65 mmHg was a factor of cardiovascular adverse effect in patients of BB intoxication with psychiatric drugs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to obtain information of use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and any reported adverse effects of them on vulnerable elders in a community. Methods: 1,837 elderly subjects aged 65 or higher with health problems were selected from those who were enrolled in a public health care center and received visiting health management services. A proportional stratified sampling method was used. Data collection was completed by face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The descriptive statistics and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of CAM use last year was 57.5%, and 10.4% of the subjects reported adverse effects of the therapies. The mean score of the subjects' attitudes towards CAM was $4.1{\pm}3.44$ (range 1~10). The major sources of advice and exposure to CAM therapies were most likely to be from family and friends (72.5%). The primary reason for choosing CAM was to manage symptoms and relieve pain (86.6%). Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategies for reducing and preventing adverse effects of CAM use by promoting awareness of using safe and appropriate CAM therapies.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-114
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify consumption status, risk awareness and experience of adverse effects of high caffeine energy drink among university students. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey including 270 students in 2 universities and 7 colleges in D metropolitan city. Consumption Status, Risk Awareness and Experience of Adverse Effects of High-Caffeine Energy Drink tools were developed by literature review. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and $x^2$-test. Results: In the results, 86.7% of the students had previous experience of energy drink consumption and male students and smokers had more experience of energy drink consumption than female students and nonsmokers. The reason of energy drink consumption was increasing alertness for studying. 45.7% of the students were aware of the risk of high caffeine energy drink and the first risk was sleep disturbance. 51.1% of students were experienced adverse effects, mainly palpitation and sleeplessness. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to increase awareness of adverse effects and potential risks of high caffeine energy drink consumption in university students. In addition, university and government should provide education and campaigns to prevent excessive high caffeine energy drink consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.335-342
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• 2020

Tailless aircraft designed for stealth efficiency uses spoilers instead of rudders for the directional control. When the spoiler is rapidly deployed, highly nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic characteristics can be generated, resulting in adverse effects on aircraft flight performance. This paper investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil with moving spoiler using dynamic mesh CFD technique. The effects of spoiler operation speed, mounting location, and deployment scheduling are analyzed to reduce the adverse effects of the spoiler's dynamic operation. The results shows that the adverse effects of dynamic spoiler can be reduced by appropriate selection of the spoiler mounting location and deployment scheduling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.36-44
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• 2001

The effects of various tripping structures on turbulent boundary layer subjected to adverse pressure gradient were examined. The profiles are compared to zero pressure gradient and adverse pressure gradient. The increases of tripping structures of height, k are affects almost flow parameter included velocity fluctuation, skin friction coefficient and turbulent boundary thickness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and worsening asthma control in children who already have the disease, even though a causal relationship with asthma onset is not yet established for asthma incidence. Mechanisms underlying these adverse effects of ETS are not clearly elucidated but e studies on this issue suggest that genetic susceptibility, impaired lung function, and augmented airway inflammation and remodeling may be involved. Children with asthma are just as likely to be exposed to ETS as children in general and there is no risk-free level of exposure. Therefore, providing a smoke-free environment may be of particular importance to the asthmatic children exposed to ETS who have adverse asthma outcomes, as well as to children with genetic susceptibility who are at increased risk of developing asthma upon exposure to ETS in early childhood.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2006

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been administered for various immune-mediated neurological diseases such as autoimmune neuropathy, inflammatory myopathies, and other autoimmune neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate side effects and complications of IVIg therapy in neuromuscular disorders. Methods: We enrolled 29 patients (age 8~63 years) with IVIg therapy for various neurological diseases including Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy. IVIg therapy was used at a dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight/day for 5 consecutive days. Results: 10 patients (34%) had adverse events. There are adverse events in 16 courses (11%) among total 145 courses. The majority of patients presented with mild side effects, mostly asymptomatic laboratory changes. Rash or mild headache occurred in 3 patients. One patient showed a serious side effect of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusions: IVIg therapy is safe for a variety of immune-mediated neurological diseases in our study.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this systemic review was to summarize and compare adverse effect of spinal manipulation at domestic and abroad. Methods : We searched articles in Korean databases and Pubmed. We selected and analysed the articles met inclusion criteria. Results : 51 cases were included. 32 cases in Pubmed show that adverse effect related to cervical rotation and high velocity low amplitude(HVLA) thrust manipulation. It leads to severe adverse effect and sequela about vascular. While, 19 cases in Korean articles shows that domestic spinal manipulation is more safe becase of lower use of high velocity low amplitude(HVLA) thrust. It leads to low incidence of vascular adverse effect and no sequela. Conclusions : We concluded that Chuna is difficult manipulation because of possibility of adverse effect. Chuna is recommended to be taken by licensed medical practitioners who are skilled and complete the regular curriculum. Further studies like meta analysis about spinal manipulation are needed to estimate incidence of adverse effect. And adverse effects are going to be collected continually through randomized controlled trials(RCT) related to spinal manipulation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of oriental medical treatment on Extensive limb swelling which is rare adverse reaction of vaccination. Methods A 11 months old infant who appealed unilateral thigh swelling after immunization and signs of local inflammation was administered a complex herbal medicine consisting of five decoctions; Gwakhyangjunggisan, Binsosan, Danggwisusan, Samchulgunbitang and Gwibitang. The length of the constant regions of the thigh circumference was measured every visit. Each process was recorded by photograph. After one year from the first visit, phone call was conducted to follow-up. Results The length of the thigh after administration of herbal medicine did not change much, but the part where swelled hard became little bit softer. A year later, patient's growth and walking was normal but the swollen part not changed. Since then the similar adverse effects did not recur on booster doses vaccines. Conclusions The adverse reactions of vaccination are rarely reported and there is no specific treatment for swelling from Hepatitis B vaccine. It will be more helpful to study if more cases reported about any adverse drug reactions or any side effects from the immunization.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.78-90
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to review case reports about adverse events of acupuncture or moxibustion treatments in Korea. Methods: Electronic literature searches were performed for adverse events of acupuncture or moxibustion treatments in Korea up to October 2009. Results: Sixteen case reports or case series were retrieved in total. Among them, 10 were reporting about acupuncture, 5 about pharmaco-acupuncture (3 bee venom acupuncture and 2 others), and 1 was reporting about moxibustion treatment. The incidence of adverse effects couldn't be proven due to the lack of prospective studies. Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment seems to be one of the safer forms of medical interventions, when performed by skilled Korean medical doctors. However, prospective studies are necessary to reach conclusions about safety. In addition, a system for collecting and managing adverse effects of Korean medical interventions as well as a reeducation system for clinicians is needed.