• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) is performed worldwide, but significant risks are associated with conversion to on-pump surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the composite outcomes between an OPCAB group and a conversion group. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2012, 100 consecutive patients underwent OPCAB at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, of whom 84 underwent OPCAB without adverse events (OPCAB group), and 16 were converted to on-pump surgery (conversion group). Early morbidity, early and long-term mortality, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were the primary and long-term composite endpoints. Results: The mean follow-up period was $55{\pm}26months$, with 93% of the patients completing follow-up. The composite outcomes in the OPCAB and conversion groups were as follows: early morbidity, 2.3% versus 12.5%; early mortality, 4.7% versus 0%; long-term mortality, 14.3% versus 25.0%; and MACCEs, 14.3% versus 18.8%, respectively. No composite endpoints showed statistically significant differences. Preoperative acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was identified as an independent risk factor for conversion (p=0.025). Conclusion: The conversion group showed no statistically significant differences in early mortality and morbidity, MACCEs, or long-term mortality compared with the OPCAB group. The preoperative diagnosis of AMI was associated with an increased number of conversions to on-pump surgery.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2008

Genetic diversity of cultivated wheat is narrowing down and is increasingly becoming non-complacent in tackling new pathogenic races and adverse environmental situations. Wild relatives of wheat are rich repositories of beneficial genes that are capable of defying adverse situations. However, these wild species are not readily crossable with cultivated ones. The present study attempted to cross three wild wheat species as females with three cultivated species of varying ploidy to understand the intricate behaviour of hybrids in relation to cytology, morphology, and molecular recombination. Post-fertilization barriers caused hybrid recovery in wild species in contrast to cultivated species. Triticum monococcum did not produce hybrids in any of the crosses. Various degrees of chromosome anomalies and hybrid sterility were seen with hybrids of T. timopheevi and T. sphaerococcum. Cytoplasmic factors were suspected to add more to the abnormality. G genome from T. timopheevi could enhance more pairing between Band D of cultivated species. Precocity of certain chromosomes in laggard formation was evident, pointing towards evolutionary self balance of the genomes which prevented homeologous pairing. They are eliminated in hybrids. Molecular diversity clearly corroborated with genetic proximity of the species, which distinguished themselves by maintaining the genome homeology.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2022

Background: The present study aimed to digitally evaluate the risk of overwork-related adverse effects (OrAEs) among employees from various occupational categories in Taiwan. Methods: Anonymous data of employees from seven companies/factories providing occupational health services were analyzed. The studied population comprised 5505 employees, and the data analyzed included employment duration, working hours, shift work schedules, and health checkup results. The risk for OrAEs was assessed by an index, Karo index (0-4, the larger the value, the higher the risk for OrAEs) obtained using a risk matrix made up of cardiocerebral and occupational risk factors. Karo index values of 3 and 4 were categorized as at high risk for OrAEs (h-OrAEs). Results: The 5505 employees had an average employment duration of 8.5 years and a mean age of 39.4 years. The prevalence rates for h-OrAEs of the seven companies/factories ranged from 3.9% to 34.2%. There were significant differences in prevalence rates for h-OrAEs between employees of retail stores and high-tech manufacturing factories. Multivariate analysis results indicated that workers of high-tech manufacturing factories had significantly higher risk for h-OrAEs compared with retail store workers. Conclusion: In terms of satisfying health risk management and legal requirements in Taiwan, the newly issued Karo index, which covers a wide range of occupational risk factors, can serve as an assessment and a warning tool for managing the risk of OrAEs in workplaces. To reduce risks for h-OrAEs, active and prudent control of cerebrocardiovascular risks and working hours is recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to seek solutions for the adverse effects of the informatization by analyzing the influential factors of internet addiction to maximize prevention of the internet addiction for highschool students. The causal factors of the internet addiction are classified into three categories: personal factors, familial factors, and social environmental factors. To validate the study, the questionnaires were given to four high schools which were two generalized high schools and two specialized high schools in the Seoul and Kyunggi Area. The most influential factor of the internet addiction was identified, and hierarchical influence among factors were analyzed by evaluating the questionnaires. The result of the generalized high schools was different from that of the specialized high schools. It proved that different countermeasures must be prepared depending on environment of internet users. Therefore, diverse and comprehensive solutions for internet addiction must be devised to solve the problem of internet addiction.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2003

Cancers of the cervical esophagus occur uncommonly, but treatment is remaining a challenging problem and surgery demands special knowledge of abdominal, thoracic, and neck surgery. The primary risk factor is chronic heartburn, leading to a sequence of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, reflux esophagitis and etc. Among the various treatment modalities, Surgery is still a mainstay of treatment. The main aim of surgery is not only oncologically adequate resection but also preservation or restoration of physiologic functions, such as deglutition and phonation. Surgical treatment of cervical esophageal cancer is influenced by special problems arising from tumor factors, patient factors and surgeon factors. Complete clearance of loco-regional disease and prevention of postoperative complications are of particular importance for the improvement of long-term survival in patients with these cancers. So the cervical and thoracic extension of these tumors usually required an extensive lymphadenectomy with primary resection. Radical resection of the primary site almostly include sacrifice of the larynx, but the voice could be rehabilitated with various methods, such as tracheoesophageal prosthesis or tracheoesophageal shunts, etc. Restoration of the esophageal conduit can be performed using gastric or colon interposition, radial forearm free flap or jejunum free flap, etc. Recently, the advances of radiation therapy and chemotherapy will enable less extended resections with greater rates of laryngeal preservation. At initial presentation, up to 50％ to 70％ of patients will have advanced locoregional or distant disease with virtually no chance for cure. Patients with advanced but potentially resectable esophageal cancer are generally treated by surgery with some form of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, with 5-year survivals in the 20％ to 30％ range. So the significant adverse factors affecting survival should be taken into account to select the candidates for surgery.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

Objective: Polypharmacy is one of the main causes of inappropriate medication use, adverse drug-related events and cost. It aimed to investigate the status of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), the factors affecting polypharmacy and cost in elderly outpatients. Method: A pharmacy claim data were retrospectively analyzed with elderly patients prescriptions at a pharmacy located near a top tier general hospital. The numbers of medications per person, prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM according to the 2012 Beers criteria and Korea PIM list, medication cost and the factors affecting polypharmacy were investigated. Results: Forty-six percentages of the elderly outpatients received polypharmacy and over 21% of them had medications listed in Beers or Korean PIM. In multiregressional analysis, we found that age, gender and insurance types were affective factors of polypharmacy. (p < 0.001, 0.047, 0.009, respectively). The cost of polypharmacy with PIM in elderly outpatients was increased with age. Various approaches of interventions would be further required.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

Toxicokinetics of Korean Traditional Medicines(TKM) is the description of what rate TKM will enter the body and what happens to it once it is in the body in terms of toxicology. However, it is not easy to understand TKM toxicokinetics because of various factors such as a mixture of 2-30 kinds of herbal materials containing thousands of chemicals, and complex chemical properties. For these reasons, little is known about toxicokinetics of TKM. This study was aimed to characterize and review the absorption, distribution and metabolism of korean traditional medicines in a view of toxicokinetics. For this aim, some of korean traditional medicines were reviewed on a basis of drug-drug interaction, biotransformation and intestinal metabolisms by bacteria. As the factors affecting mainly on toxicokinetics of TKM, individual herbal material's degree of lipophilicity and metabolic rate, and decoction components according to different kinds of herbal materials were considered. Other factors such as intestinal pH and bacterial activity for metabolism affecting on TKM toxicokinetics, especially in small intestine. It would be a better way for improving the adverse or poor effects caused by TCM if the factors affecting on toxicokinetics of TKM is considered.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify prevalence and identify factors related to sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling elderly women. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the prospective cohort study. Our analysis included 338 elderly women (${\geq}65$ years old) in South Korea as a part of the Community-dwelling Older Adult Health Cohort (COHC) Study (2014-2015). Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia recommendations and upper two quintiles for percentage body fat. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors related to sarcopenic obesity including chronic diseases, medications, stress, fatigue, depression, exercise, level of proteins on body compositions, smoking, and alcohol use. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 6.2%. A lower protein on body compositions (OR 0.017, 95% CI 0.003-0.081, p< .001), a larger number of medications (OR 2.104, 95% CI 1.404-3.152, p< .001), and a higher level of fatigue (OR 1.255, 95% CI 1.023-1.541, p= .030) were related factors of sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that nutritional interventions focusing on protein intakes should be needed to prevent sarcopenic obesity among the elderly women. Polypharmacy issue for preventing adverse outcomes and level of fatigue as indicator for early identification are also considered to develop community prevention programs.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

The Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of lipid and non-lipid factors of metabolic origin. The presence of any 3 of the following factors is considered sufficient for diagnosis : hypertension(BP <130/85mmHg), low HDL-cholesterol (<40mg% in men, <50mg% in woman), high triglyceride(>150mg%) and abdominal obesity(abdominal girth >102cm in men, 88cm in woman). The major adverse consequence of the metabolic syndrome is cardiovascular disease. Several studies have shown an association between metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular events. In Korea, the prevalence of the factor of metabolic syndrome has been increasing since 20 years previously when the Korean economy began to grow rapidly, with a resultant change in lifestyle, toward that of western countries. Thus, the management of the metabolic syndrome is an important social and medical issue in terms of the national health problem. This review will consider each factor in turn, providing insight for health care providers in an effort to prevention of cardiovascular events and maintenance of quality of life in persons with metabolic syndrome was discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.637-644
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• 2003

Airborne noise is one of the considerable environmental factors for navy ship personnel who should accomplish their tasks in restricted ship spaces against adverse health effect of noise. However, it is difficult to find studies on actual condition of airborne noise for navy ships. In this study, we measured airborne noise levels at 379 compartments of 33 Korean navy ships. Using the measured data, we presented mean values and their standard deviations of measured noise levels with factors of ship type, compartment category, and operation mode. Additionally, we evaluated the mean value and cumulative probability of airborne noise levels of compartments with those of the US navy ships. These results can be rationally used in making the proper airborne noise criteria of the navy ship for the future.