• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers who were at an advanced maternal age (AMA) and to verify the effects of the program on pregnancy health care. Methods: This program was developed using a web-based teaching-learning system design model and composed of 10 subject areas. This research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest time serial design and data were collected from April 2 to May 3, 2014. To verify the effects of the program, it was used for 2 weeks with 30 AMA mothers (experimental group). For the control group, a classroom education booklet for pregnant women used with 31 AMA mothers. Results: The experimental group having participated in program had statistically significantly higher scores for knowledge (t=3.76, p <.001), self-efficacy (t=8.54, p <.001), and practice behavior (t=4.88, p <.001) of pregnancy health care, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the program indicate that a Mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program is effective in meeting the needs of AMA mothers and can be used as the prenatal educational program for AMA mothers and is appropriate as an educational media for theses mothers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.429-435
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• 2011

Although Korean population has been growing steadily during the past four decades, the nation is rapidly becoming an aging society because of its declining birth rate combined with an increasing life expectancy. In addition, Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world due to fewer married couples, advanced maternal age, and falling birth rate. The prevalence of low birth weight infants and multiple births has been increased compared with the decrease in the birth rate. Moreover, the number of congenital anomalies is expected to increase due to the advanced maternal age. In addition, the number of interracial children is expected to increase due to the rise in the number of international marriages. However, the maternal education level is high, single-mother birth rate is low, and the gender imbalance has lessened. The number of overweight babies has been decreased, as more pregnant women are receiving adequate prenatal care. Compared to the Asian average birth weight, the average birth weight is the highest in Asia. Moreover, the rate of low birth weight infants is low, and infant mortality is similarly low across Asia. Using birth data from Statistics Korea and studies of birth outcomes in Korea and abroad, this study aimed to assess the changes in maternal and infant characteristics associated with birth outcomes during the past four decades and identify necessary information infrastructures to study countermeasures the decrease in birth rate and increase in low birth weight infants in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.15-25
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• 2008

By population graying, elderly residing problem is risen by social problem. Specially, because residing is occupying many parts in psychological sentimentalize stability of elderly senescence, it is misgovernment that suitable countermeasure is pressing hereupon with governmental interest so that elderly age may can inhabit to suitable residing space. The purposes of this research used content analysis method about elderly residing support policy laying stress on data of elderly residing support policy connection literature, virtue research etc.. and research result is as following ; First, as elderly residing connection equipment is permitted by common people subject operation in government burden gradually in van abroad including our country, supply of elderly equipment is spreading. Second, support about elderly dependent is introducing house priority supply system to financial favors benefit and income tax exemption, aged parents supporter being increasing. Third, through reconstruction and so on of house, real elderly's ashes are developing by support policy. Also, is administering elderly residing support policy by total service that can support elderly aging in place.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.7033-7037
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to provide an assessment of the incidence of cancer of the larynx in Kazakhstan with especial attention to ethnicity and gender, as well as age. The retrospective design covered all new cases of laryngeal cancer in 11 years (1999-2009). The total number was 4,967 cases, 4,535 (91.3%) in males and 432 (8.7%) in women, with a gender ratio of 10.5:1. Patients of Kazakh (31.2%) and Russian (51.4%) ethnicity accounted for the vast majority (82.6%), with Russians predominating in both sexes, but particularly in females. Age peak in Kazakhs was 70 years and older ($14.6{\pm}0.70/0000$), and in Russians was 60-69 years ($21.6{\pm}1.30/0000$). In the dynamics, the rates had the tendency to decrease more markedly in Russian than Kazakh men, especially in the younger groups, while increase was noted in the youngest females of both ethnicities, but again greater in Russians, presumably reflecting change in underlying lifestyle factors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.754-758
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• 2008

Since our country is rapidly progressing from an aging society to an advanced age society, it already puts in effect basic old-age pension system, hurries training human resources like care-giver, and has ahead offering the aged long-term care insurance. But our country still needs to develop a systematic curriculum in order to train professionals that can fundamentally deal with an aging society problems. In this paper, therefore, we describe the development of a curriculum for training silver-care professionals improving qualities of old person life in order to suit to an aged society and prepare for an advanced age society. It includes a network model of a silver-care curriculum based on subject classifications according to fields and levels.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 1990

The work was undertaken to evaluate the calcification of the second and the third molars in skeletal Class II and III malocclusions. The differences in the calcification stages between skeletal Class II and III malocclusion were evaluated and statistically analysed from panoramic radiographs of 202 males and females ranging in age from 11 to 15 years old. The results were as follows, 1. The calcification stages of the second and the third molars were not different between the skeletal Class II and III malocclusions in each age groups of both sexes. 2. The calcification stages of lower second and third molars of the skeletal Class III malocclusion are more advanced than those of the skeletal Class II malocclusion in male. 3. The clacification stages of upper second and third molars are more advanced than those of lower second and third molars in skeletal Class II malocclusion. 4. The calcification stages of lower second and third molars are more advanced than those of upper second and third molars in skeletal Class III malocclusion.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

This paper focuses on the effect of creep on the critical compressive strain (CCS) of concrete. The strain of concrete corresponding to the peak compressive stress is crucial in the selection of the ultimate yield strength of the reinforcing bar used in reinforced concrete columns. Among the various influencing factors, such as the creep, shrinkage, loading rate and confinement, the effect of creep and shrinkage is the most significant. So far, investigations into how these factors can affect the CCS of concrete have been rare. Therefore, to investigate the effect of creep and shrinkage on CCS, an experimental (part I) and a parametric study (part II) were conducted, as presented in these papers (part I considers creep effect, part II considers effect of creep and shrinkage). In part I, experiments pertaining to the loading age, loading rate, loading duration and loading and creep levels were conducted to study the effect of these variables on the CCS of concrete. It was found that the effects of the loading rate, loading age, and level and duration on the CCS of concrete were negligible. However, it is very important to consider the effect of creep.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the developmental stages of third molars in relation to chronological age and compared third molar development according to location and gender. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of panoramic radiographs of 2490 patients aged between 6 and 24 years was conducted, and the developmental stages of the third molars were evaluated using the modified Demirjian's classification. The mean age, standard deviation, minimal and maximal age, and percentile distributions were recorded for each stage of development. A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to test the developmental differences in the third molars between the maxillary and mandibular arches and between genders. A linear regression analysis was used for assessing the correlation between the third molar development and chronological age. Results: The developmental stages of the third molars were more advanced in the maxillary arch than the mandibular arch. Males reached the developmental stages earlier than females. The average age of the initial mineralization of the third molars was 8.57 years, and the average age at apex closure was 21.96 years. The mean age of crown completion was 14.52 and 15.04 years for the maxillary and the mandibular third molars, respectively. Conclusion: The developmental stages of the third molars clearly showed a strong correlation with age. The third molars developed earlier in the upper arch than the lower arch; further, they developed earlier in males than in females.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2010

This study aimed the role of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induced migration and invasion in bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs). BRECs were isolated from the retina. Cell viability was confirmed by the MTT assay. In vitro wound migration assay was performed to investigate the migration of BRECs. In vitro tube formation was measured by on-gel system. Apoptosis induced by AuNP was confirmed by caspase-3 assay. AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrated increase of cell migration and proliferation in BRECs. In addition, AuNP regardless of the existence of AGE-BSA suppressed proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. AuNP suppressed AGE-BSA induced migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis through caspase-3. As a results, AuNP have a potential anti-angiogenic effect for AGE-induced angiogenesis in vitro and offer possibility for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.61-70
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• 1994

the purpose of study is to grasp the actual state of the textiles of Kojosun, Booyeo and Kogooryeo, by examining and studying about the excavated article of the textile of the Booyeo Age which was being gamered in the Research Institute of Study of antiquities of Civilization of gilimsung without being analyzed and examined after being excavated at September in 1990 and 1993, the textile of Kojosun Age wich was excavated and examined at East and North Gilimsung in China and the textile excavated and examined at the Kogooryeo grave at jiban China. 1. The kinds of textiles of Booye Age are warp kum plin weave silk plain weave bang gong Sa, and drawn and dyed textile, It is deemed that the real state of keum, Jeung and Hwi in the old literature of Sam guk Ji was grasped. 2. It emerges that more detailed wool than the wool fabric of China area of the same age was manufactured as the textile of Kojosun Age. hemp cloth corresponds to 12 Seung, in converting into fabric width of 50cm. 3. Keum was examined and reported as the textile of Kogooryeo Age and the real state of Woonkeum of Kogooryeo Age was grasped through "Wang ja moon keum" of Keumjang of mural of South and North I room of the grave that the same keum was excavated. The real state of dyed textile of hemp was grasped as the red hemp cloth was examined. Moreover the real state of development of advanced technique to weave with machine appeared by the grasp of inclination of loom with reed of Kogooryeo.Kogooryeo.