• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 1982

The fat bodies of cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) and silk worm (Bomyx mori) during metamorphosis was comparatively studied by electron microscope. 1. Cell oranelles: Golgi apparatus were not observed in both species. It is observed that RER of cabbage worms initiate to degenerate in prepupa stage with complete degeneration at adult stage, while that of silk worms shows similar degenerative pattern. However, mitochondria of cabbage worms are transformed into autophagic vacuole from prepupa stage until adult stage whereas those of silk worm shows a decrease in number in prepupa stage but maintains a certain level until adult stage. 2. Storage substance in cell: Lipid droplets in cabbage worms were observed to increase in numbers during larval stage but afterward decrease in number with an enlargement in size. However immediately after their pupal stage, they almost disappear. On the contrary lipid droplets in silk worms show rather increase in number until adult stage. Protein storage granules in bothspecies were arised from autophagic vacuoles(lysosome) . Fat cells of cabbage worm in adult stage turn out to be residual bodies which last until final stage, but those of silk worm rapidly decrease. Glycogen particles in both species reach maximum at last larval instar and thee gradually decrease thereafter. 3. Fat body sheath: The average width of fat body sheath was measured to be $0.2{\mu}m$ and $0.6{\mu}m$ and surface of fat cells adjacent to fat body sheath in silk worm is heavily infolded.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2010

In vitro cultivation of trematodes would assist studies on the basic biology of the parasites and their hosts. This is the first study to use the yolk of unfertilized chicken eggs as a simple and successful method of ovocultivation and the first time to obtain the adult-stage of the trematode Cymatocarpus solearis Braun, 1899 (Digenea: Brachycoeliidae). Chicken eggs were inoculated with metacercariae from the muscle of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804). The metacercariae were excysted and incubated for 576 hr (24 days) at $38^{\circ}C$ to obtain the adult stage. Eggs in utero were normal in shape and light brown color. The metacercariae developed into mature parasites that have been identified as the adultstage found in marine turtles. The adult lobsters collected in Quintana Roo State, Mexico, showed the prevalence of 49.4% and the mean intensity of 26.0 per host (n=87). A statistical study was performed to determine that no parasitic preference was detected for male versus female parasitized lobsters. Morphometric measurements of the adult-stage of C. solearis obtained in our study have been deposited in the National Helminths Collection of the Institute of Biology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This study is significant because it is the first time that a digenean of the family Brachycoeliidae has been demonstrated to develop in vitro from metacercariae into adults capable of producing eggs using the yolk of unfertilized chicken eggs. Secondly, this technique allows to obtain the adult stage of C. solearis without the presence of its marine turtle host, allows us to describe the mature parasites, and thus contribute to our understanding of the biology of C. solearis.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.491-500
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to examine interpersonal relations, hope, professional self-concept and turnover intention according to adult attachment styles in early stage nurses. Methods: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 245 nurses who work in one of six general hospitals. Additionally, a qualitative method was used to obtain data on experiences in interpersonal relations. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINdows 14.0 and qualitative data from open question in the survey questionnaire were analyzed using content analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in interpersonal relations, hope, and professional self-concept according to adult attachment styles. In the interpersonal relation of early stage nurses, 8 themes were identified, of which the most frequent were: a comfortable relationship with my co-workers (43%) and stress from the relationship (34%). Conclusion: Findings from this study should be useful in the development of programs to promote adult attachment and professional self-concept for early stage nurses.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 1985

Morphogenesis of rat spleen was studied by light and electron microscope from the fetal stage till the newborn or adult stages. The results indicate as follows: at the 14th day of gestation rat spleen, as an early form, consists of intercellular spaces and mesenchymal cells. And at this stage the spleen is in a premature state, then it appears its adult condition in structures after the 7th postnatal day. Erythropoiesis is shown to be an active process in rat spleen beginning about the 18th day of gestation, and once established the process continues at least till the 7th postnatal day. At the 20th day of gestation, there are splenic nodules, trabeculae, venous sinus, and granular leucocytes such as neutrophils and basophils in rat spleen. Lymphocytes appeared to be well differentiated at the 7th postnatal day and were present till the adult stage. While degenerating erythrocytes are phagocytosed by macrophages. In conclusion, rat spleen started to be appeared from the 14th day of gestation and erythropoiesis in rat spleen was carried out for about 10 days between prenatal and postnatal stage. Erythrophagocytosis was accomplished by macrophages and it is suggested that the proper functions of rat spleen set off from the 7 th postnatal day when its structures are similar to the adult's.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.297-310
• /
• 2021

The rockworm gut flora was identified at each growth stage to elucidate the composition of the bacterial community. The source material was Marphysa sanguinea fed regular feed and fed biofloc at the adult stage in parallel. The systematic bacterial community composition was determined based on the next-generation sequencing method, and alpha diversity and beta diversity were conducted to access the species diversity within and between the bacterial communities, respectively. The composition of the gut flora changed considerably as the rockworms developed. The shift in the gut flora was confirmed at the phylum, family, and genera level of the bacterial communities. The Vibrio species associated with high rockworm mortality occupied 7.7% of the gut flora at the larval stage; however, they disappeared in the healthy adult gut. Moreover, different gut flora was observed between adults fed regular feed and those fed biofloc. Specifically in the biofloc-fed adult gut, several immune relevant and water-purifying bacteria were detected. The biofloc-fed adult gut flora could decompose and mineralize organic sediment, and thus be effectively utilized for integrated multitrophic aquaculture. The Venn diagram revealed that only two bacterial species were shared throughout all growth stages, and the biofloc-fed adults exhibited the highest diversity within the bacterial community.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.75-91
• /
• 1986

Differentiation of the rat testis was studied by light and electron microscope from the fetal stage up to the newborn or adult stage. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the ultrastructural changes of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue during the developmental process. The results were as follows: the seminiferous tubule diameter began to increase from birth and was fully developed at 30 to 40 days of age through intratubular cell proliferations. Basement membrane and myoid cells lining the seminiferous tubules were differentiated at 17 days gestation. At the fetal stage, seminiferous tubules were primarily composed of Sertoli cells and the differentiation of Sertoli and germ cells progressed from the newborn stage. Spermatids and immature spermatozoa are appeared at 40 days of age, so from this time, spermatogenesis occurred actively until the adult stage. Sertoli cells aided germ cell differentiation and phagocytosed the parts of the spermatid cytoplasm. Leydig ce]] development follows a biphasic pattern: a fetal phase and then an adult phase from 20 days of age. In conclusion, the rat testis is already developed to some extent by the fetal stage and is functional after 50 days of age. Therefore, these findings indicate that differentiation of Sertoli and Leydig cells precedes the onset of spermatogenesis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2021

The scuttle fly is a fly species in the Phoridae family. Scuttle fly which moves abruptly after standing for a while and stop suddenly to rush off again. These characteristic behaviors of the scuttle fly seem to be related to muscular and nervous system or neurotransmitters. Thus, we focused at the neurotransmitter, corazonin (Crz) that is known to be related to resistance to stress and investigated the developmental process of the neurons in the scuttle fly. In a previous studies, we found that there are three groups of corazoninergic neurons in the larval CNS of the scuttle. Larva has 3 pairs of Crz neurons at the dorsolateral area of the brain, 1 pair at the dorsomedial brain and 8 pairs at the ventral nerve cord. In this studies, among these neurons, 1 pair of dorsomedial brain and 8 pairs of ventral nerve cord disappear in early pupal stage after metamorphosis. Only the 3 pairs of dorsolateral brain persist expression of Crz gene through all the period of pupa stage. This group of neurons converge gradually to frontal center of the brain and situated at the medial region. These pairs of corazoninergic neurons keep their number and location in adult stage. In the future, we expect further studies on the histological characteristics of corazonin-expressing cells and the expression of corazonin gene.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.363-380
• /
• 2019

기주범위가 넓은 미국선녀벌레에 대한 선행연구는 약충과 성충을 구분하지 않고 조사되었으나 본 연구에서는 발육단계를 약충단계와 성충단계로 구분하여 기주를 조사하였다. 미국선녀벌레 약충은 78과 227종의 기주에서 발견되었고, 27과 38종을 새롭게 기록하였다. 초본류와 목본류로 구분하였을 때 초본류에는 110종 목본류에는 117종을 기록하였다. 미국선녀벌레 성충은 87과 233종에서 발견되었고 26과 36종을 새롭게 기록하였다. 초본류와 목본류로 구분하였을 때 초본류에는 105종과 목본류에는 128 종을 기록하였다. 따라서, 약충과 성충을 포함하여 미국선녀벌레의 국내 기주는 총 98과 345종 이었다. 미국선녀벌레 약충과 산란전단계의 성충은 국화과의 해바라기를 특이하게 선호하였고, 산란단계의 성충은 쪽과 해당화를 선호하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.592-601
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in smoking related characteristics and psychological features of coronary artery patients by the stages of change in smoking cessation behaviors. Method: Subjects for this survey were 97 patients who were smoking when doctors diagnosed them to have coronary artery diseases. Result: Subjects were distributed 21.6% in precontemplation stage, 24.7% in contemplation stage, 17.5% in preparation stage, 19.6% in action stage, and 16.5% in maintenance stage respectively. The numbers of previous attempts to quit smoking of subjects in precontemplation stage(mean=3.00, SD=3.71) and contemplation stage(mean=2.63, SD=2.32) were significantly lower than that of subjects in preparation stage(mean=5.82, SD=6.20). Benefit scores of subjects in maintenance stage were significantly greater than those of subjects in precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy, barriers, seriousness, and nicotine dependency were not significantly different by the stages of change. Number of signs and symptoms related to smoking which subjects were experiencing were not significant by the stages of change too. Conclusion: Future intervention programs for smoking cessation should be focused on the strategies to enhance the realization of health benefits that patients might acquire from smoking cessation.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify predictors differentiating the preparation stage, which is the stage that the smoker is ready to quit smoking, between adolescent smokers and adult smokers. Method: A survey was conducted with 376 adolescent smokers in 4 high schools and 451 adult smokers in community settings in South Korea from August 2003 to April 2005. To identify the predictors before and after preparation in stages of change of smoking, logistic regression was done. Results: The predictors for before preparation in stages of change of smoking were process of change for smoking abstinence for adolescent smokers and depression for adult smokers. The predictors for after preparation in stages of change of smoking were self-efficacy for smoking abstinence for adolescent smoker and self-efficacy for smoking abstinence and smoking temptation for adult smokers. Conclusion: For each group, adolescent smokers and adult smokers, specific smoking intervention methods need to be developed based on the different ways individuals make the decision to quit smoking within their contexts.