• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.668-683
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• 1992

To evaluate the current practices of the tube feeding and the status of tube feeding patient 76 adult in-patients at 6 hospitals located in Seoul and Chung-buk province were examined through reviewing patient charts observing patients and interviewing patients nurses dietitians patients' family or care-givers. The results were as follows : 1) An average age of the patients was 54.5 years with 41% over 60 years old. Patients with decreased mental status dysphagia esophageal obstruction and respiratory problem were fed by tubes. 2) The range of duration of tube feeding is between 4 days and 6 years. Most patients were received formula through nasogastric tube(89.5%) while 7.9% of gastrostomy and 2.6% of jejunostomy. Administration method for formula were bolus feeding regardless of the route of formula delivery. 3) Mean total calories received for men were 1590 kcal and 1450 kcal for female. Mean volume per meal was 282m, l and mean frequency of feeding was 5.68 while mean feeding interval 3$\frac{1}{4}$ hours and mean rate of infusion 68.4ml/min. All patients received hospital-blenderi-zed formula as the major source of nutrition. Home-blenderized formula and commercial formula as a supplement were used 35%, 13.2% respectively. 4) Thirty-eight percent of patients was hypoalbuminemia and 61% was at the moderate level of deficiency in hemoglobin. 5) Complications associated with tube feeding were diarrhea (22.4%) constipation(21.1%) vomiting(11.8%) and so on. 6) Serum albumin levels of patients who have complications associated with tube feeding were significantly lower than those of patients without complications In planning a tube feeding regimen the type of a formula must be integrated with both a delivery system and a protocol for administering the tube feeding. the multidisciplinary effort required to deliver enteral therapy is essential to improve current practices used at hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.543-553
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare symptoms, medical therapies, and nursing interventions with terminal cancer patients during the last four weeks of their lives in a hospice unit and general units. Method: For the descriptive survey study, data were collected by reviewing the medical records of 243 patients who died of terminal cancer at K hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed by using Chi-square test and t-test. Result: The study findings are summarized as follows: There were higher frequencies in physical symptoms of constipation, itching sensation, pain, sleeping disturbance, soreness and dysuria for those patients in the hospice unit than those patient in general units. All emotional symptoms were recorded significantly higher for those patients in the hospice unit than those in general units. Regarding the major medical interventions, pain management was used more significantly for those patients in the hospice unit, but antibiotic therapy and resuscitation were used more significantly for those patients in general units. Conclusion: The hospice unit provided more comprehensive nursing interventions including psychological, spiritual, and family cares as well as physiological care for terminal cancer patients. The facts showed that those patients who would need hospice care in general units should be referred to the hospice unit at an appropriate time.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.739-749
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using newly meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on weight reduction and health in the obese adult women ($BMI{\geq}25\;kg/^2$) for four weeks. Seventy five women participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General Diet group (GD group, n=25) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day, 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n=25) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day, 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n=25) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical measurements and body symptoms were assessed before (the initial) and after (the 4th week) the study. Anthropometry measurements such as weight, waist and hip circumference, and BMI and body composition such as body fat percent, fat mass significantly decreased in all groups after diet intervention. Anthropometric measurements and body composition of the ]lim group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Serum Total cholesterol was significantly decreased in all groups. However, there was no significant difference among three groups during the experimental period. HMR group had significantly less felt a pain than GD and MR groups in body symptoms such as anemia, powerlessness, vomiting, constipation and dryness of skin during the experimental period. Therefore, very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients was very effective on weight reduction and health in the obese adult women.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.101-111
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• 2002

Objective : In order to review the studies related to the treatment of children by aupuncture or mo ibustion Methods : We referred to a Pubmed site by using searching word of "the terms of pediatrics(for e ample child children infant baby pediatrics etc and acupuncture" Results : 40 journals with 63 papers were searched 50 papers were reported Conclusion : 1 We found 63 articles in 40 journals which were Pediatrics J Tradit chin Med Am Fam Physician Anaesthesia linical research was the most of these studies and the pattern of the rest were review or clinical conferences 3 We analy ed articles and found many articles of nocturnal enuresis asthma bronchitis postoperative vomitting constipation etc 4 The result of clinical studies represented the significant cure rate owever the cases of sensorineural hearing loss vomitting after tonsillectomy e ercise induced asthma were not 5 It was ta en to research for laser acupressure bloodletting ear acupuncture etc as well as body acupuncture in the area of pediatric acupuncture treatment as alternative therapy which was composed of the lower stimulation than adult.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

To elucidate chemical strvacture of Ramaria formosa(Fr.) Quel was extracted with methanol for 72 hours, and then filtered twice. The extractive compounds were analyzed by the Libaries Search method, using GC and GC-MS Spectrometry. As a result, the five different compounds were analyzed, such as (1) methyl-hexadecanoate, (2) methyl-9,12- octadecadienoate, (3) methyl-cis-9-octadecenoate, (4) methyl-octadecanoate, and (5) 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanacetic acid. The large quantity of compound, 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanacetic acid, is expected that through experiments on animals the compound will be a potential agent which can be developed as a health food to relieve constipation or a laxative medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the uses of Aster scaber. The survey methodology employed was a questionnaire, which was used to interview 272 (37.8%) males and 448(62.2%) females from the Seoul and Kyunggido areas. The main results are as follows: 40-50 years old like and eat Aster scaber more frequently than 10-30 years old. The most popular reason provided for the preferance of Aster scaber was good health benefits. People indicating a dislike for Aster scaber had generally fewer previous experiences of eating this plant. Respondents who regularly ate healthy foods preferred prepared Aster scaber to others foods(p < .001). The main purchasing place was traditional markets and supermarkets. The main cooking method was boiling with addition of seasoning. Aster scaber was purported as having the following characteristics "low calories and thus great as diet food'(4.03), 'ability to prevent adult disease'(3.95), 'high in vitamins and minerals'(3.89), and 'high fiber content which prevented constipation'(3.85). However, it was not associated with 'astringent taste'(3.51) and was regarded as 'fat accumulation restrainer and remover of heavy metal'(3.53). Recognition and eating experience was low for Aster scaber kimchi and rice bread, bread, sauce and Aster scaber added health drinks. However opinion of its taste was regarded highly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.457-471
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• 1995

This research was done to promote improvement of practical application of nursing diagnoses and to improve the quality of nursing. The subjects of this research were 156 second year students of C junior nursing college who were giving adult patient care. The nursing diagnoses of 312 reports were analyzed using NANDA. In these case reports only nursing diagnoses were considered, of which there were a total of 982. In the data analysis the 9H of the nursing students' nursing diagnoses matched with 105 NANDA nursing diagnoses, Of these, the most frequent diagnoses were pain(165, 17.48%), anxiety(101, 10.70%), alteration in nutrition(83, 8.79%) , sleep disturbance (67, 7.10%), in activity intolerance (67, 7.10%), ineffective breathing pattern(51,5.40%). The etiology for the students' nursing diagnoses were compared with NANDA's nursing diagnoses by frequency. The most frequent etiology for the nursing diagnoses of pain was a biological etiology(50, 31%), for anxiety, situation crisis(58, 57.43%), for alteration in nutrition, indigesion(23, 27.71%), for sleep disturbance, external etiology(25, 37.32%), for activity intolerance, immobile position(22, 32.84%), for ineffective breathing pattern, pain(35, 68.63%), and for ,impaired physical mobility, pain(31, 65.96%). The most frequent etiology for constipation was inadquate digestion of water and cellulose (16, 34.78%), for fluid volume felicity, loss of body fluid (21, 52.50%), for impaired skin integrity, external etilogy(16, 43.24%), for impaired physical mobility, pain(22, 62.86%) , for knowledge deficits, cognition disturbance(9, 27.27％), for ineffective air way clearance, secretion obstruction(14, 48.27%) , for impaired gas exchange, loss of transport ability of blood oxygen(9, 37.50%) , and for powerlessness, therapy environment (5, 22.73%). The number of nursing diagnoses by pattern was exchange(16), moving(6), feeling(4), choosing(4), relating(3), communication(1), perceiving(1), knowing(1), valuing(1).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide information searching for health promotion, nutrition improvement, and health care of the impaired elderly by ADL(Activity of Daily Living) and IADL(Instrumental Activity of Daily Living). The subjects were divided into the Assistant Needed Group and No Assistant Needed Group for living in line with the responses of ADL(10 items like dressing, washing, move etc.) and IADL(10 items like housekeeping, using transportation, shopping, Phone call etc.). Survey was made for health behavior, health risk habit, dietary management status and diet intake by 24 hr-recall and questionnaire method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or Gun districts in Gyeonggi Province, S. Korea. Survey was carried out by regional home extension workers using interview method. Statistical analyses were made using SAS (Version 8.1). Chi-Square Tests and General Linear Models. The subjects of impaired ADL elderly was 26.5% and it composed 30% of the total male and 22.2% of the total female. The demographic status of the impaired ADL elderly showed no difference from that of the normal elders, elementary school educated (73.4%), with spouse (43.8%) or with adult children(37.5%), using monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(35.9%). Mean age was 74.05 years compared to 72.25 years of normal elders. However, there was no significant difference from the normal and impaired ADL group, regular exercise(60.0%), with walking (90.0%), no-smoke(54.7%) and no-drink(48.4%). Kind of disease was not different from the one in impaired and normal group, with cardiovascular disease(32.3%), with diabetes mellitus(8.1%), joint lumbago neuralgia(32.3%) and osteoporosis(9.7%). Gastrointestinal complaints of the impaired ADL group were nausea(57.8%), chronic indigestion (23.4%), constipation (14,0%) and vomiting(3.7%). Sleeping time required for the impaired was longer than that for the normal group by 10hours(4.7%) or 8-10hours(20.3%), which consisted 1.7% and 16.6% respectively. Nutrient intake of the impaired ADL group was low compared to normal range elders: Energy(1260kca1), Protein(52.75g). There was gender difference in nutrient intake; the male impaired group showed no significant difference from the normal group but it was significantly lower in female impaired group. These results suggest that low quality of life and low economic status of the impaired ADL elderly require congregate meal in village hall to cover the lack of side dishe variety. And nutrition education program including community assistance would be required for the impaired ADL elderly together with the sufficient food and exercise practice. By operating nutrition education program, the impaired ADL elderly would maintain more enhanced quality of life and ameliorate the ADL capability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.572-582
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• 2006

This survey was conducted from June 2004 to August 2004, through questionnaires given to 432 women aged ranging from 20 to 50 years, who were living in the Seoul metropolitan area. The questionnaires were designed to determine the physique, level of obesity and dieting survey as well as to uncover which diets were in fashion and their satisfaction degree. Dieting-related knowledge and dieting side effects were also investigated. The results were as follows: In dieting survey, as the age increased, dieting for health reason (52.3%) increased, whereas that for aesthetic reasons (32.6%) decreased (p<0.05). The most effective methods of dieting were exercise (50.2%) and diet (45.0%) regimens. In regards to exercise frequency, 46.5% for none, 23.5% for 1-2 times a week, suggesting that most respondents do not practice exercise for dieting purposes (p<0.05). Major source for dieting was shown to be obtained from relative family or friends (31.7%), newspapers or magazines (29.3%) and internet (14.9%). As the age decreased, information from the latter increased, whereas that from TV program (21.2%) decreased (p<0.05). Reasons for excess weight were bad eating habits (39.6%), lack of exercise (38.3%), pregnancy and childbirth (10.6%). In fad dieting, while organic foods and aerobic exercises scored the highest satisfaction degree among diet and exercise regimens, on the other hand, sauna, steam baths and high temperature half-immersion baths scored the highest among surgery and other special therapies. As the age increased, the satisfaction degree for organic foods such as organic vegetable and high functional boiled cooked rice increased (p<0.05). As the age increased, scores on dieting-related knowledge decreased. Side effects of dieting included dizziness 06.2%) fatigue (15.1%) indigestion/constipation (11.1%) physical weakness 00.5%), loss of concentration (7.8%), dry skin (7.4%) loss of motivation (6.7%). The above results showed that attitude toward dieting among adult women varied with age and in light of the well-being trend, organic foods and aerobic exercises scored the highest satisfaction degree through all age.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.311-318
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• 1998

Amis:ST25(Chonchu) and ST37(Sanggoho) are usually used acupoints to management several disease which induced to abnormal intestinal motility as diarrhea, constipation. Colonic transit time by radio opaque marker is able to study easily and useful method for evaluation of colonic motility. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on colonic transit time by manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture stimulation of ST25, ST37 in normal adult. Method: Colonic transit time, including Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon was measured by radio opaque marker in 11 normal adults. Colon transit time was measured before stimulation and after stimulation on ST25, ST37 by manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Each person was treated manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture stimulation for 3 days before colonic transit time measurement with 1 week interval. Result: Colon transit time before stimulation was measured $10.60{\pm}12.11$, $3.92{\pm}7.72$, $3.27{\pm}6.37$, $3.41{\pm}5.57$ hours total colon, Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon, respectively. Colon transit time after manual acupuncture is measured $10.48{\pm}12.35$, $3.72{\pm}7.52$, $3.37{\pm}6.76$, $3.39{\pm}5.84$ hours total colon, Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon, respectively. Colon transit time after electroacupuncture stimulation is measured $10.30{\pm}13.21$, $3.92{\pm}8.02$, $3.07{\pm} $, $3.31{\pm}5.49$ hours total colon, Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon, respectively. Significant change was observed Lt colon transit time after electroacupuncture as compared before acupuncture(P<0.05). Conclusion: Theses results suggest that manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture of ST25, ST37 in normal adults does not change colonic transit time.