• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.39-62
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• 2018

Despite the abundance of research on alcoholic-beverage consumption in the food and beverage marketing literature, research directly assessing and comparing consumers' psychological motives for drinking different types of alcoholic beverages is relatively limited. There is also a paucity of research comparing drink-type specific consumption motivations in an Asian market. Paying attention to some recent new changes in the alcoholic-beverages market of South Korea, this study investigated South Korean young adult female consumers' alcoholic-beverage type-specific drinking motives. A self-administered online survey of 340 young adult female drinkers about their alcohol-consumption patterns, alcoholic-drink preferences, involvement with alcohol, and four types of drinking motives (coping, social, conformity, and enhancement motives) revealed differences in: (1) the association between the consumer's alcohol involvement level, alcohol consumption frequency/amount, and preferences for alcoholic beverages across different types of alcoholic drinks; (2) the underlying psychological motives for drinking different types of alcoholic beverages; (3) the association between consumption contexts and alcoholic drink types; and (4) the consumption patterns and drinking motives across different consumer groups that are segmented in terms of their most preferred type of alcoholic beverages. These findings point to the importance of investigating drink-type-specific consumption motivations in alcoholic-beverage consumption research. Limitations and implications for future research are also discussed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

The life cycle of butterflies is closely related to the growth of food plants and, through a prolonged coevolutionary process, has undergone an ecological adaptation. So, it is important that control the egg-laying number and place to secure enough food plant by female adult to guarantee the survival of the larvae. To study whether oviposition control of the Luehdorfia puziloi takes into greater consideration food plant leaf biomass or leaf abundance, correlation among the egg cluster size, the leaf size, and the number of leaves around egg clusters was investigated. According to the results, the egg clusters size exhibited positive correlation with the leaf size of food plants on which eggs had been laid but did not do so with the number of surrounding leaves. In addition, the number of egg clusters laid exhibited positive correlation with the number of surrounding food plant leaves but not with the leaf size on which eggs had been laid. Consequently, for the Luehdorfia puziloi, the females' recognition of the leaf size seems to be the most important factor in the egg cluster size, and the number of egg clusters had positive correlation with food plant density per unit area.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1997

Seasonality in abundance and egg production was investigated for Calanus sinicus in Asan Bay, Korea, and feeding effort was measured in the laboratory condition. Although abundances of this species in this bay showed only one Peak in spring, egg Production showed two peaks, spring and fall, in this bay. Potential of year-round egg Production was also found. Food availability judged by the particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration was usually more than enough in this bay. High egg Production in fall resulted in spring Peak in abundance. But high egg Production in spring did not result in summer or fall Peak in abundance. Low abundances in summer and fall were believed to be the result of long range horizontal migration out to the central Part of the Yellow Sea. The highest average egg Production by the Population of this species was 16.3 eggs female-'day-'. Maximum e99 Production by an individual was 39.0 e99s female$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$, which yielded 30.7% of specific egg Production rate in terms of body carbon content with the carbon contents of 44.44$^{\mu}$gC and 0.35 $^{\mu}$gC for individual adult female and egg, respectively. Clearance rate (F) measured in the laboratory condition decreased exponentially with the increase of food concentrations, as expected. The asymptote of F was 3.17 ml copepod$^{-1}$ h$^{-1}$. When this value and the minimum concentration of POC measured in the field were applied under the assumption of continuous feeding in the nature, the calculated gross efficient of egg production was 41.6% in case of average egg production of the population. Violation of the assumption of diurnal feeding rhythm and application of the minimum concentration of POC may offset the influence on calculation each other.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2005

Age-related changes in bone metabolism are well established by biochemical markers of bone matrix in serum and urine, but analysis of the residual bone matrix, which is still turning over, has not been investigated. In the present study, we measured in vivo rates of bone protein synthesis using a precursor-product method based on the exchange of ²H from ²H₂O into amino acids. Four percent ²H₂O was administered to mice in drinking water after intraperitonial (i.p) bolus injection of 99.9% ²H₂O. Mice were divided into the two groups: growing young mice were administered 4% ²H₂O for 12 weeks after an i.p bolus injection at 5 week of age, whereas weight stable adult mice started drinking 4% ²H₂O 8 weeks later than the growing group and continued 4% ²H₂O drinking for 8 weeks. Mass isotopomer abundance in alanine from bone protein was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Body ²H₂O enrichments were in the range of 1.88-2.41% over the labeling period. The fractional synthesis rates (ks) of bone protein were 2.000±0.071%/d for growing mice and 0.243±0.014%/d for adult mice. These results demonstrate that the bone protein synthesis rate decreases with age and present direct evidence of age-related changes in bone protein synthesis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

Many efforts have been made to study the expression of aquaporins (AQP) in the mammalian reproductive system, but there are not enough data available regarding their localized expression to fully understand their specific roles in male reproduction. The present study investigated the expression and localization patterns of different AQP subtypes in the adult mouse testes and testicular spermatozoa using an immunofluorescence assay. All the studied AQPs were expressed in the testes and revealed subtype-specific patterns in the intensity and localization depending on the cell types of the testes. AQP7 was the most abundant and intensive AQP subtype in the seminiferous tubules, expressing in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells as well as all stages of germ cells, especially the spermatids and testicular spermatozoa. The expression pattern of AQP3 was similar to that of AQP7, but with higher expression in the basal and lower adluminal compartments rather than the upper adluminalcompartment. AQP8 expression was limited to the spermatogonia and Leydig cells whereas AQP9 expression was exclusive to tails of the testicular spermatozoa and elongated spermatids. Taken together, the abundance and distribution of the AQPs across the different cell types in the testes indicating to their relavance in spermatogenesis, as well as in sperm maturation, transition, and function.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.394-407
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• 2011

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a "feast or famine" manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via "epigenetic", or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권3호통권113호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2005

낙동강 중류 지점에서 (왜관, 낙동강 하구언으로부터 175 km 상류 지점) 1998년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 동물플랑크톤 군집 동태 및 환경요인 들과의 상관관계에 대해서 조사하였다. 조사지점에서의 동물플랑크톤의 계절별 변화와 연간 변화는 매우 뚜렷하였으며(ANOVA, p<0.01), 1998년과 2002년을 제외하고는 1999년부터 2001년까지 3년 동안 유사한 동물플랑크톤 양상을 나타내었다. 조사기간 동안 연 평균 윤충류의 개체수는 43${\pm}76 ind. $L^{-1}$ (평균${\pm}$ s.d., n = 118)이며, 요각류 (1.6${\pm}$4.8 ind. $L^{-1}$)와 지각류 (0.4${\pm}$1.2 ind. $L^{-1}$) 순으로 나타났다. 윤충류 군집내에서는 Brachionus spp. Polyarthra spp., Colurella spp., Keratella spp.와 Trichocerca spp. 등이 우점하였다. 이러한 종들은 전체 총 윤충류의 개체수에 대한 상대 풍부도의 80% 이상을 차지하였다. 조사지점 내 총 동물플랑크톤 개체수는 봄과 가을에 급격히 증가 하였으며, 겨울 동안에는 낮은 개체수를 유지하였다. 여름기간 동안, 동물플랑크톤 동태는 수문학적 요인에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 파악된다. 조사구획 내 동물플랑크톤의 동태는 내적요인 (동물플랑크톤의 먹이상태, 예: 식물플랑크톤 생체량) 보다는 외적 요인 (강의 수문학적 요인)들에 의해서 보다 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1990

1984년 9월부터 1985년 8월까지 대천해수욕장 모래질 쇄파대에서 월별로 지인망을 이용하여 어류를 채집하여 계절에 따른 어류군집의 종조성 변화를 분석하였다. 각 조 사시기의 사리 때에 간조 전후 2시간 간격으로 5회 채집을 실시하였다. 출현한 35종 가운데, 날개망둑(Favonigobius gymnqauchen), 청보리멸(Silago japonica), 전어 (Konosirus punctatus), 밴댕이 (Sardinella zunasi) 및, 얼룩망둑(Chaenogobius mororana)이 우점하여 전체 개체수의 79%를 차지하였다. 생체량에서는 전어, 날개망 둑, 청보리멸, 밴댕이 및 돌가자미(Kareius bicoloratus)가 67%를 차지하였다. 연평균 어류의 개체수와 생체량은 각각 0.13개체/m$^2$와 0.33g/m$^2$으로 다른 해역에 비하여 낮 은 값이 관찰되었다. 출현종수, 개체수 및 생체량은 수온과 유의한 상관관계를 보였 다. 봄에는 주거종인 날개망둑이 우점하였으며, 6개월 이종의 성어가 대량 출현하여 높은 생물량이 관찰되었다. 8월에서 9월 사이에서 회유종인 청보리멸, 전어, 밴댕이 등의 유어가 우점하였다. 연구해역 어류군집의 양적 변동은 일차적으로 수온, 혹은 수 온과 상관관계를 갖는 요인에 좌우되며, 우점동일 생활사에 따른 서식처 이동에 의하 여 일년을 주기로 구성종이 계절에 따라 종조성이 변하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.5-5
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• 2002

Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are conserved through evolution and have been shown to be involved in various biological phenomena. By functional screening in yeast, we identified a new member of the NDPK family, ㎚23-M5, which encodes a 211-amino acid protein with 86% identify to the human homolog, ㎚23-H5. Northern blot analysis reveals that ㎚23-M5 encodes two transcripts of 0.8 and 0.7 kb, which are highly and specifically expressed in adult testis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis shows that nm23-M5 first appears in pachytene spermatocytes and increase chain reaction in abundance through subsequent stages. (omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2009

The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births is frequent, accounting for 2.3% to 8% of all live births. Several childhood and adult diseases are related to early postnatal growth and birth size, and 10% of children born SGA may have a short stature throughout postnatal life. Additionally, they may have abnormal growth hormone (GH)-insulin like growth factor axis, HPA axis, and gonadal function. Permanent changes are detrimental in an environment of nutritional abundance, and predispose SGA children to an array of diseases in adolescence and adulthood. Such changes may also cause premature pubarche, adrenarche, and precocious puberty. The varying results from clinical studies necessitate more prospective case control studies. Reproductive tract abnormalities and reproductive dysfunction are related to SGA births. GH treatment is required for SGA infants who do not experience catch-up growth.