• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.324-332
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the causality between climatic and soil variables affecting the yield of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) in the paddy field by constructing the pathways via structure equation model. The IRG data (n = 133) was collected from the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (1992-2013). The climatic variables were accumulated temperature, growing days and precipitation amount from the weather information system of Korea Meteorological Administration, and soil variables were effective soil depth, slope, gravel content and drainage class as soil physical properties from the soil information system of Rural Development Administration. In general, IRG cultivation by the rice-rotation system in paddy field is important and unique in East Asia because it contributes to the increase of income by cultivating IRG during agricultural off-season. As a result, the seasonal effects of accumulated temperature and growing days of autumn and next spring were evident, furthermore, autumnal temperature and spring precipitation indirectly influenced yield through spring temperature. The effect of autumnal temperature, spring temperature, spring precipitation and soil physics factors were 0.62, 0.36, 0.23, and 0.16 in order (p < 0.05). Even though the relationship between soil physical and precipitation was not significant, it does not mean there was no association. Because the soil physical variables were categorical, their effects were weakly reflected even with scale adjustment by jitter transformation. We expected that this study could contribute to increasing IRG yield by presenting the causality of climatic and soil factors and could be extended to various factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2655-2661
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• 2012

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) utilising a short-term measurement method is challenging when the reference method does not accurately reflect the usual food intake. In addition, food group intake that is not consumed on daily basis is more critical when episodically consumed foods are related and compared. To overcome these challenges, several statistical approaches have been developed to determine usual food intake distributions. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) can calculate the usual food intake by combining the frequency questions of an FFQ with the short-term food intake amount data. In this study, we applied the MSM to estimate the usual food group intake and evaluate the validity of an FFQ with a group of 333 Korean children (aged 3-6 y) who completed two 24-hour recalls (24HR) and one FFQ in 2010. After adjusting the data using the MSM procedure, the true rate of non-consumption for all food groups was less than 1% except for the beans group. The median Spearman correlation coefficients against FFQ of the mean of 2-d 24HRs data and the MSM-adjusted data were 0.20 (range: 0.11 to 0.40) and 0.35 (range: 0.14 to 0.60), respectively. The weighted kappa values against FFQ ranged from 0.08 to 0.25 for the mean of 2-d 24HRs data and from 0.10 to 0.41 for the MSM-adjusted data. For most food groups, the MSM-adjusted data showed relatively stronger correlations against FFQ than raw 2-d 24HRs data, from 0.03 (beverages) to 0.34 (mushrooms). The results of this study indicated that the application of the MSM, which was a better estimate of the usual intake, could be worth considering in FFQ validation studies among Korean children.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.572-578
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• 2017

As the demand of high accuracy positioning for dynamic users increases, Network RTK is actively researched for dynamic users. Network RTK is a system which provides precise positioning in the range of about 50 to 70km radius using carrier phase measurements from several reference stations. By configuring multiple clusters, which provide Network RTK corrections independently, as a single system, it could provide precise positioning for a wider area. In this paper, we have studied how to efficiently operate multiple clusters in the Korean Peninsula. We analyzed the computational load according to the configuration of a multi-cluster system and proposed a method of selecting the main reference station and system infrastructure configuration for efficient operation. In order to analyze the effects of each proposed method, 71 clusters were constructed using the reference stations of the National Geographic Information Institute and simulations were conducted. As a result of the simulation, system computation amount was reduced by 66 % and system configuration cost was reduced by 90 %.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2010

Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant prescribed against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients with allogeneichematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is affected to change its pharmacokinetic properties by various factors. For this reason, it is needed a close monitoring to adjust dosage amount in order to optimize the blood concentration of tacrolimus is located within the effective range. According to our in-house study, 62% of HSCT-patients were needed dosage-adjustment and it is necessary to optimize the current immunosuppressive regimen in clinical settings. A retrospective study was designed to evaluate the dosing regimen (converting ratio of IV:PO=1:4) of tacrolimus in HSCT patients (n=62). After collecting data from patient's profile and medical record, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculate and compared between the estimated and the actual values in the selected subjects (n=58). It was found that the bioavailabilty (BA) of oral tacrolimus was 40.5% very much different from that is known as 25%. It implies that the current protocol has a potent risk causes dose-related toxicities to the patients. Furthermore, analyses among factors demonstrated that there was no statistical significance between BA of tacrolimus and the variable factors. In the clinical perspectives, the current converting ratio of tacrolimus in patients with HSCT to be re-considered and an appropriate and optimal alternative regimen should be adopted to prevent GVHD and to increase the quality of life of patients.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.63-79
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• 2011

In this study relative density tests of bottom ash and standard sand were carried out. And cyclic triaxial tests for samples with the relative density of 40%, 55%, and 70% were carried out on the basis of the test results. Cyclic triaxial tests were also conducted for fines content with 55% relative density. Residual samples were divided into No.40, No.60, No.60, and No.100, and No.200. In order to avoid crashing that can happen when compaction of the sample is initiated, bottom ash was crushed using the a compact mold. In consideration of the crushing characteristics of each residual samples, the fragmentation rate increased up to 30%, which led to the adjustment of fine-grained amount to 10%, 20%, and 30%. Through the repative triaxial test in accordance with the relative density, resistant characteristics of the liquefaction of bottom ash was analyzed. Test results show that, crushing strength of bottom ash was smaller than that of standard sand, resulting in different liquefaction behavior characteristics. And we could find fines content with maximum resistant characteristics of the liquefaction.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.900-907
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• 2014

This paper proposes a MPC (Model Predictive Control) method for the torque and flux controls of induction motor. The proposed MPC method selects the optimized voltage vector for the matrix converter control using the predictive modeling equation of the induction motor and cost function. Hence, the reference voltage vector that minimizes the cost function of the torque and flux error within the control period is selected and applied to the actual system. As a result, it is possible to perform the torque and flux control of induction motor using only the MPC controller without a PI (Proportional-Integral) or hysteresis controller. Even though the proposed control algorithm is more complicated and has lots of computations compared with the conventional MPC, it can perform torque ripple reduction by synthesizing voltage vectors of various magnitude. This feature provides the reduction of amount of calculations and the improvement of the control performance through the adjustment of the number of the unit vectors n. The proposed control method is validated through the PSIM simulation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a complexity reduction method of sample adaptive offset (SAO), which is an in-loop filter in high-efficiency video coding (HEVC). In the conventional SAO, an offset value is calculated for each coding tree block (CTB) to minimize the error between the original and reconstructed images. In order to determine the optimal offset value, all offset candidates are examined and the offset value that leads to the smallest rate-distortion cost is chosen. Thus, SAO occupies a significant amount of the computational complexity in the HEVC encoder. In the proposed method, we determine the least-used band (LUB) by considering the statistical characteristics of offset values and without processing the offset value included in the LUB. Also, in the offset value decision stage, we check only a certain number of candidates rather than all of them. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the encoding time by approximately 8.15% without yielding a significant loss in terms of coding efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1634-1638
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• 2002

Quantification of endogenous amino acid loss at the terminal ileum is an essential means for calculation of the true amino acid digestibility of a feedstuff. Since nitrogen appeared in the determined diet or not could shift the results very much, also, none of digestibility markers could be recovered with 100% rate at the terminal ileum, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine endogenous amino acid losses when fed either a casein diet or a protein-free diet and (2) to examine the reliability of chromic oxide or acid insoluble ash in the protein-free diet. Six ileal-cannulated pigs ($65{\pm}1.85 kg$ BW) with a simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum were used in a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square designed trial, after allowed a 14 d recuperation period. Each test period ran for 12 days comprised of a 10 d adjustment period and a 2 d collection period. The endogenous AA losses of His, Ile, Lys, Cys, Thr, Val, Trp, Asp, Glu, and Ser from pigs fed the casein diet were significantly higher than those of the protein-free diet (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the amount of endogenous amino acid loss when determined with the different markers in the protein-free diet (p>0.05). These data suggest that endogenous amino acid loss could be underestimated when a protein-free diet is used. A direct effect of dietary peptides on the endogenous amino acid loss was found when the casein diet was fed. Our results also indicate that acid insoluble ash can be used as an inert marker as an alternative to chromic oxide when measuring endogenous amino acid loss.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potentials of food wastes as an animal feed. The food wastes from the Inha University and Hanyang University Hospitals were used for this fermentation study. As the additive, approximately 40~50% of dry bean curd dregs and sawdust was mixed for moisture adjustment, certain amount(l/300 of the total content) of inoculum was added into the 140L volume fermenter and fermented for 40~48 hours with the temperature of $46{\sim}52^{\circ}C$ maintained. Fermentation product with the dry bean curd dregs had the lower content of crude protein, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus than the commercial pig feed. Fermentation product with sawdust had the lower content in most components than the commercial pig feed except crude fiber content. Based upon these findings, it was considered that only the fermentation product with dry bean curd dregs as the additive could be used for the animal feed aid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2010

There has been no genome-wide association study (GWAS) for macronutrient intake as a quantitative trait. To explore genetic loci associated with total calorie and macronutrient intake, genome-wide association data of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Korean adults were analyzed. We conducted a GWAS in 3,690 men and women aged 40 to 60 years from an urban population-based cohort. At the baseline examination (June 18, 2001 through January 29, 2003), DNA samples of the study subjects were collected and analyzed for genotyping. The information of average daily consumption of total calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and transformed by natural logarithm for analyses after adjustment of calorie intake. Using multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and height, we tested for 352,021 SNPs and found weak associations, which do not reach genome-wide association significance, with calorie and macronutrient intake. However, a number of SNPs were found to have potential associations with macronutrient intake; in particular, signals in SORBS1 and those in PRKCB1 were likely associated with carbohydrate and fat intake, respectively. We observed an inverse association between the minor allele of the SNPs in these genes and the amount of consumption of carbohydrate or fat. Our GWAS identified loci and minor alleles weakly associated with macronutrient intake. Because SORBS1 and PRKCB1 are reportedly associated with the metabolism of glucose and lipid as well as with obesity-related diseases, further investigations on biological and functional roles of polymorphism of these genes in the relation to macronutrient intake are warranted.