• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 2009

Bromilow's time-cost (BTC) relationship was examined for building projects in Vietnam using actual construction time and total construction cost. Data set was collected from 77 historical building construction projects completed between 1999 and 2005 which were adjusted by consumer price index (CPI) to 2000 price. Time-cost equations were specified respected to two sectors, public and private, in Vietnamese construction industry and all cases. It is shown that a public funded building project has the longer construction duration than a similar budget private funded project. The resulting models are statistically significant. The adjusted R-square coefficients of all cases, public and private projects models are respectively 0.403, 0.436 and 0.377 mean that the BTC regression lines moderately fit the data set.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2018

Objectives: To assess the nurses' hand hygiene (HH) knowledge, perception, attitude, and self-reported performance in small- and medium-sized hospitals after Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak. Methods: The structured questionnaire was adapted from the World Health Organization's survey. Data were collected between June 26 and July 14, 2017. Results: Nurses showed scores on knowledge ($17.6{\pm}2.5$), perception ($69.3{\pm}0.8$), self-reported HH performance of non-self ($86.0{\pm}11.0$), self-reported performance of self ($88.2{\pm}11.0$), and attitude ($50.5{\pm}5.5$). HH performance rate of non-self was $Y_1=36.678+0.555X_1$ (HH performance rate of self) (adjusted $R^2=0.280$, p<0.001). The regression model for performance was $Y_4=18.302+0.247X_{41}(peception)+0.232X_{42}(attitude)+0.875X_{42}(role model)$; coefficients were significant statistically except attitude, and this model significant statistically (adjusted $R^2=0.191$, p<0.001). Conclusions: Advanced HH education program would be developed and operated continuously. Perception, attitude, role model was found to be a significant predictors of HH performance of self. So these findings could be used in future HH promotion strategies for nurses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2022

Adjusting weather radar data is a prerequisite for its use in various hydrological studies. Effect of spatial variables are considered to adjust weather radar data in many of these researches. The existence of diverse topography in South Korea has increased the importance of analyzing these variables. In this study, some spatial variable like slope, elevation, aspect, distance from the sea, plan and profile curvature was considered. To investigate different topographic conditions, tried to use three radar station of Gwanaksan, Gwangdeoksan and Gudeoksan which are located in northwest, north and southeast of South Korea, respectively. To form the suitable fuzzy model and create the best membership functions of variables, ANFIS-PSO model was applied. After optimizing the model, the correlation coefficient and sensitivity of adjusted Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) based on spatial variables was calculated to find how variables work in adjusted QPE process. The results showed that the variable of elevation causes the most change in rainfall and consequently in the adjustment of radar data in model. Accordingly, the sensitivity ratio calculated for variables shows that with increasing rainfall duration, the effects of these variables on rainfall adjustment increase. The approach of this study, due to the simplicity and accuracy of this method, can be used to adjust the weather radar data and other required models.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Real time ultrasonic measurements for 13th rib fat thickness (LBF), longissimus muscle area (LEMA) and marbling score (LMS) of live animal at pre-harvest and subsequent carcass measurements for fat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (EMA), marbling score (MS) as well as body weight of live animal, carcass weight (CW), dressing percentage (DP), and total merit index (TMI) on 755 Korean beef steers were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters. Data were analyzed using multivariate animal models with an EM-REML algorithm. Models included fixed effects for year-season of birth, location of birth, test station, age of dam, linear and quadratic covariates for age or body weight at slaughter and random animal and residual effects. The heritability estimates for LEMA, LBF and LMS on RTU scans were 0.17, 0.41 and 0.55 in the age-adjusted model (Model 1) and 0.20, 0.52 and 0.55 in the weight-adjusted model (Model 2), respectively. The Heritability estimates for subsequent traits on carcass measures were 0.20, 0.38 and 0.54 in Model 1 and 0.23, 0.46 and 0.55 in Model 2, respectively. Genetic correlation estimate between LEMA and EMA was 0.81 and 0.79 in Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. Genetic correlation estimate between LBF and BF were high as 0.97 in Model 1 and 0.98 in Model 2. Real time ultrasonic marbling score were highly genetically correlated to carcass MS of 0.89 in Model 1 and 0.92 in Model 2. These results indicate that RTU scans would be alterative to carcass measurement for genetic evaluation of meat quality in a designed progeny-testing program in Korean beef cattle.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.266-277
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the quality of lunches provided in senior leisure service (SLS) facilities and compared institutional foodservice (IF) and non-institutional foodservice (non-IF). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 390 adults aged 65 years or older who ate lunches in SLS facilities were analyzed using the information from the 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were classified into IF (n = 129) and non-IF (n = 261) groups according to meal type provided. The intake of major food groups, energy and nutrients, and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were analyzed. The diversity of meals was evaluated by food group patterns, dietary diversity score (DDS) and dietary variety score (DVS). Energy intake was adjusted in model 1, while energy and sex were adjusted in model 2. All confounding variables were adjusted in model 3. RESULTS: The intake of seafoods (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3), seaweeds (P < 0.01 in models 1 and 2), and dairy products (P < 0.05 in models 1, 2, and 3) was significantly higher in the IF group. No significant difference existed in energy intake; however, the intake of all nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C was significantly higher in the IF group. NAR of all nutrients, excluding vitamin C, was higher in the IF group, and MAR was also higher in the IF group (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3). The IF group had significantly higher DDS and DVS than the non-IF group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lunches provided in SLS facilities were better in terms of quantity and quality when provided through IF than through non-IF. More systematic foodservice programs should be implemented in SLS facilities, especially in facilities wherein users prepare their own meals.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.665-680
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• 2009

This study aims at analyzing the performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts(REITs) by Risk Adjustment Model. The main results are as follows. Firstly, most property types of REITs gain positive(+) excess overall returns at first and second period. On the contrary, most property types of REITs gain negative(-) excess overall returns and their standard deviations are larger at financial crisis period. Secondly, lodging, regional mall and commercial mortgage show lower risk-lower return, and freestanding, apartment and specialty show higher risk-higher return than average REITs, according to the CAPM results of . Moreover CAPM results of show the characteristics of REITs as investment commodities changes into higher risk-higher return for financial crisis period. Lastly, risk adjusted demanded returns of REITs are affected positively(+) by systemic risks and negatively(-) by unsystemic risks, according to the Risk Adjustment Model results of both and . Comparing risk adjusted demanded returns of REITs with their realized returns, healthcare reveals the largest outperformance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.77-94
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• 2022

Social interactions often involve encountering inconsistent information about social others. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to comprehensively investigate voxel-wise temporal dynamics showing how impressions are anchored and/or adjusted in response to inconsistent social information. The participants performed a social impression task inside an fMRI scanner in which they were shown a male face, together with a series of four adjectives that described the depicted person's personality traits, successively presented beneath the image of the face. Participants were asked to rate their impressions of the person at the end of each trial on a scale of 1 to 8 (where 1 is most negative and 8 is most positive). We established two hypothetical models that represented two temporal patterns of voxel activity: Model 1 featured decreasing patterns of activity towards the end of each trial, anchoring impressions to initially presented information, and Model 2 showed increasing patterns of activity toward the end of each trial, where impressions were being adjusted using new and inconsistent information. Our data-driven model fitting analyses showed that the temporal activity patterns of voxels within the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus fit Model 1 (i.e., they were more involved in anchoring first impressions) better than they did Model 2 (i.e., showing impression adjustment). Conversely, voxel-wise neural activity within dorsal ACC and lateral OFC fit Model 2 better than it did Model 1, as it was more likely to be involved in processing new, inconsistent information and adjusting impressions in response. Our novel approach to model fitting analysis replicated previous impression-related neuroscientific findings, furthering the understanding of neural and temporal dynamics of impression processing, particularly with reference to functionally segmenting each region of interest based on relative involvement in impression anchoring as opposed to adjustment.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing intra-operative core body temperature (CBT), and to develop a predictive model for intra-operative CBT in laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods: The prospective observational study involved 161 subjects, whose age, weight, and height were collected. The basal pre-operative CBT, pre-operative blood pressure, and heartbeat were measured. CBT was measured 1 hour and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum. Results: Explanatory factors of intra-operative hypothermia (< $36^{\circ}C$) were weight (${\beta}=.361$, p< .001) and pre-operative CBT (${\beta}=.280$, p= .001) 1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (Adjusted $R^2=.198$, F= 7.56, p< .001). Weight was (${\beta}=.423$, p< .001) and pre-operative CBT was (${\beta}=.206$, p= .011) 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum (Adjusted $R^2=.177$, F= 5.93, p< .001). The researchers developed a predictive model for intra-operative CBT ($^{\circ}C$) by observing intra-operative CBT, body weight, and pre-operative CBT. The predictive model revealed that intra-operative CBT was positively correlated with body weight and pre-operative CBT. Conclusion: Influence of weight on intra-operative hypothermia increased over time from 1 hour to 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum, whereas influence of pre-operative CBT on intraoperative hypothermia decreased over time from 1 hour to 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum. The research recommends pre-warming for laparoscopic surgical patients to guard against intra-operative hypothermia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.56-63
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• 2000

Abstract - In this paper, an adaptive mechanism based on immune algorithm is designed and it is applied for the autonomous guided vehicle(AGV) driving. When the immune algorithm is applied to the PID controller, there exists the case that the plant is damaged due to the abrupt change of PID parameters since the parameters are adjusted almost randomly. To solve this problem, a neural network is used to model the plant and the parameter tuning of the model is performed by the immune algorithm. After the PID parameters are determined in this off-line manner, these gains are then applied to the plant for the on-line control using immune adaptive algorithm. Moreover, even though the neural network model may not be accurate enough intially, the weighting parameters are adjusted to be accurate through the on-line fine tuning. The computer simulation for the control of steering and speed of AGV is performed. The results show that the proposed controller has better performances than other conventional controllers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3095-3111
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• 2018

Spectrum sensing (SS) is one of the fundamental tasks for cognitive radio. In SS, decisions can be made via comparing the test statistics with a threshold. Conventional adaptive algorithms for SS usually adjust their thresholds according to the radio environment. This paper concentrates on the issue of adaptive SS whose threshold is adjusted based on the Markovian behavior of primary user (PU). Moreover, Bayesian cost is adopted as the performance metric to achieve a trade-off between false alarm and missed detection probabilities. Two novel adaptive algorithms, including Markov Bayesian energy detection (MBED) algorithm and IMBED (improved MBED) algorithm, are proposed. Both algorithms model the behavior of PU as a two-state Markov process, with which their thresholds are adaptively adjusted according to the detection results at previous slots. Compared with the existing Bayesian energy detection (BED) algorithm, MBED algorithm can achieve lower Bayesian cost, especially in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Furthermore, it has the advantage of low computational complexity. IMBED algorithm is proposed to alleviate the side effects of detection errors at previous slots. It can reduce Bayesian cost more significantly and in a wider SNR region. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiencies of both algorithms.