• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation of survival rates of seedling plants under grown orchardgrass populations and control by the difference cutting frequency. The orchardgrass populations investigated in this study have passed for 10 years after establishment. Cutting frequencies were 3, 4 and 5 times in a year. This experiment was conducted from April to October, 1989 at the experimental field of Institute of Agricultural Development, Yonsei University. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The survival rates of seedling plants decreased by the days after sowing. The final survival rates of seedling plants were 7.8%, 38.9% and 33.8% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. 2. Relative light intensity indicated highly possitive correlation with relative survival rates of seedling plants and negative correlation with plant length of orchardgrass populations in 4 and 5 cuttings. 3. The frequency distribution of survival seedling plants at 177 days after sowing were showed high values in seeding spots near the adjacent plants of 3 cutings, but in the middle of seeding spots between adjacent plants of 4 .and 5 cuttings, respectively. 4. The plant length of seedling became longer towards the seeding spots near the adjacent plants but the number of tillers increased slightly up to the middle of seeding spots between adjacent plants in all cutting frequencies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.378-387
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• 2007

The Bcl-2 family of proteins interacts at the mitochondria to regulate apoptosis. However, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and $Bcl-X_L$ are not completely localized to the mitochondria. In an attempt to generate Bcl-2 and $Bcl-X_L$ chimeras that are constitutively localized to the mitochondria, we substituted their C-terminal transmembrane tail or both the C-terminal transmembrane tail and the adjacent loop with the equivalent regions from Bak or Bax mutant (BaxS184V) as these regions determine the mitochondrial localization of Bak and Bax. The effects of these substitutions on subcellular localization and their activities were assessed following expression in HeLa and CHO K1 cells. The substitution of the C-terminal tail or the C-terminal tail and the adjacent loop of Bcl-2 with the equivalent regions from Bak or the Bax mutant resulted in its association with the mitochondria. This change in subcellular localization of Bcl-2 chimeras triggered cells to undergo apoptotic-like cell death. The localization of this Bcl-2 chimera to the mitochondria may be associated with the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Unlike Bcl-2, the loop structure adjacent to the C-terminal tail in $Bcl-X_L$ is crucial for its localization. To localize the $Bcl-X_L$ chimeras to the mitochondria, the loop structure next to the C-terminal tail in $Bcl-X_L$ protein must remain intact and cannot be substituted by the loop from Bax or Bak. The chimeric $Bcl-X_L$ with both its C-terminal tail and the loop structure replaced by the equivalent regions of Bak or Bax mutant localized throughout the entire cytosol. The $Bcl-X_L$ chimeras that are targeted to the mitochondria and the wild type $Bcl-X_L$ provided same protection against cell death under several death inducing conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.823-826
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• 1995

The crystal structure of a sulfur sorption complex of the dehydrated partially Co2+ exchanged zeolite A (a=12.058(2) Å) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray techniques. The crystal structure was solved and refined in cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1) ℃. Ion Exchange with aqueous 0.05 M Co(NO3)2 was done by the static method. The crystal of Na4Co4-A was dehydrated at 380 ℃ and 2 × 10-6 Torr for 2 days, followed by exposure to about 100 Torr of sulfur at 330 ℃ for 72 h. Full matrix least-squares refinement converged to R1=0.084 and Rw=0.074 with 102 reflections for which I > 3σ(I). Crystallographic analysis shows that 2.8 Co2+ ions and 4 Na+ ions per unit cell occupy 6-ring sites on the threefold axes. 1.2 Co2+ ions occupy the 8-ring sites on fourfold axes. 2.8 Co2+ ions at Co(1) are recessed 0.66 Å into the large cavity and 4 Na+ ion at Na(1) are recessed 0.77 Å into the sodalite cavity from the (111) plane of O(3)'s. Approximately 16 sulfur atoms were sorbed per unit cell. Two S8 rings, each in a butterfly form, are found in the large cavity. The bond length between S and its adjacent S is 2.27(3) Å. The distance between 6-ring Co2+ ion and its adjacent sulfur is 2.53 (2) Å and that between 8-ring Co2+ ions and its adjacent sulfur is 2.72(9) Å. The angles of S-S'-S and S'-S-S'/ in octasulfur rings are 119.0(2)°and 113.0(2)°, respectively.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.339-357
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• 2021

도심지에서의 교통인프라 개발이 활발해 지고, 대심도 지하터널을 이용한 도시의 기반시설 확충으로 인하여 기존 운영되거나 설치된 시설물 또는 구조물 상호 간의 근접시공이 많이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 근접시공으로 인한 시설물 또는 구조물에 미치는 안정성 확보여부는 중요한 이슈가 되고 있으며, 관련법에 의하여 지하터널공사에 따른 지하안전영향 평가를 반드시 수행하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 근접시공으로 인한 정거장구조물 의 거동특성을 파악하기 위해 동북선도시철도 터널이 계획된 노선 상부의 지하철 6호선 고려대역 정거장 구조물을 대상으로 신설터널에 의한 기존 구조물에 미치는 안전영향평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 정거장구조물의 안전영역 평가 및 굴착방법에 대한 검토와 3차원 수치해석을 통한 상세검토를 수행하였다. 구조물 손상도 평가, 궤도 틀림 및 기존 구조물과 건물 안정성 평가 결과 근접터널공사에 따른 기존 정거장 구조물의 안정성은 확보되는 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구는 도심지 터널공사에서 근접시 공시 기존의 인접구조물에 미치는 영향을 사전에 검토하는 경우 기본적인 기초 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2009

쾌적한 지상공간의 삶을 위하여 전세계적으로 지하공간 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 그 규모도 점차 대형화하고 었는 추세이다. 하지만 밀집한 상부 구조물에 대한 피해 우려와 기존 지하공간과의 간섭 등으로 인하여 새로운 지하공간 건설 시 많은 주의가 필요한 실정이다. 천층에 굴착되는 터널의 경우, 굴착으로 인한 상부 구조물의 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 구조물 하부 및 터널 주변지반의 보강이 필수적이나 그 적정범위에 대한 기준은 마련되어있지 않은 설정이다. 본 논문에서는 직경 20 m의 대단면 터널이 구조물 하부에 시공되는 경우에 대해서 수치해석을 실시하여, 터널과 구조물간의 수직 및 수평이격거리에 따른 구조물 피해정도를 조사하였고 보강이 필요한 경우에는 각각의 경우별로 최적의 보강범위를 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 다룬 지반조건에 대한 해석결과, 수직이격거리가 0.50(D 터널등가직경)인 경우에는 수평이격거리가 0D에 근접하면서부터 보강이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 수직이격거리가 0.75D인 경우에는 터널이 구조물 하부에 위치할 때 보강이 필요하였다. 또한 수직이격거리가 1D 이상인 경우에는 수평이격거리에 상관없이 보강이 필요 없는 것으로 나타났다. 구조물 기초지반 보강범위는 갚이 7 m, 폭은 구조물 전제를 포함하여 터널 측벽에서 5 m 벗어난 곳까지이다. 상황에 따라 적절한 보강공법을 선택하였을 경우, 이와 같은 보강범위는 구조물 안정에 충분한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.111-124
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• 1999

중요구조물에 인접하여 지하굴착을 수행할 경우에 지반변형을 정확히 예측하여 피해를 최소화하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 대규모의 지하수조에 인접하여 연약점성토 내에서 굴착이 수행될 때, 지반거동을 예측하기 위하여 지반조사와 실내토질실험과 함께 유한요소해석이 실시되었다. 이러한 예측과 현장계측을 통하여 흙막이벽체와 인접구조물의 거동 및 안정성이 검토되었다 지반변형에 대한 계측 및 예측결과의 비교에서 굴착공정 및 지하수위 강하를 해석시에 고려하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 보여주었다. 향후 더 좋은 예측을 위해서는 해석방법의 개선이 요구되었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1741-1749
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• 2001

Recent studies of the structure of wall turbulence have lead to the development of a conceptual model that validates and integrates many elements of previous models into a relatively simple picture based on self-assembling packets of hairpin vortex eddies. By continual spawning new hairpins the packets grow longer in the streamwise direction, and by mutual induction between adjacent hairpins the hairpins are strained so that they grow taller and wider as they age. The result is a characteristic growth angle in the streamwise-wall normal plane. The spanwise growth of individual packets implies that packets must either merge or pass through each other when they come into contact. Direct numerical simulations of the growth and interaction of spanwise adjacent hairpins shows that they merge by the vortex connection mechanism originally proposed by Wark and Nagib (199). In this mechanism the quasi-streamwise legs of two hairpins annihilate each other, by virtue of having opposite vorticity, leaving a new hairpin of approximately double the width of the individuals. PIV measurements in planes parallel to the wall support this picture. DNS of multiple hairpins shows how the spanwise scale doubles when the hairpins form an array.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.191-194
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• 1999

Recently, with the rapid development and demand for compactness of portable communications, the requirement for compact and low-cost filter is increasing. One of the methods for reducing size and cost is to use high dielectric constant and low loss dielectric material in filter. The other is new monoblock dielectric band-pass filter (BPF) which has holes in a single dielectric body without additional coupling elements. This structure effectively reduces the size and cost of the filters. For previous conventional coaxial type dielectric BPF, dielectric substrates were used for coupling between adjacent resonators and additional input and output ports were needed. Coupling between adjacent resonators of monoblock BPF can be otained via electrode pairs. Capacitances of electrode pair structure for coupling are intensively investigated by 3-D FEM. The BPF for PCS has been designed to have a 30 MHz pass-bandwidth with center frequency of 1855 MHz and an attenuation pole at below the passband using a commercial 3-D structure simulator.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1275-1283
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• 2022

Understanding soil microbial community structure in the Arctic is essential for predicting the impact of climate change on interactions between organisms living in polar environments. The hypothesis of the present study was that soil microbial communities and soil chemical characteristics would vary depending on their associated plant species and local environments in Arctic mature soils. We analyzed soil bacterial communities and soil chemical characteristics from soil without vegetation (bare soil) and rhizosphere soil of three Arctic plants (Cassiope tetragona [L.] D. Don, Dryas octopetala L. and Silene acaulis [L.] Jacq.) in different local environments (coal-mined site and seashore-adjacent site). We did not observe any clear differences in microbial community structure in samples belonging to different plant rhizospheres; however, samples from different environmental sites had distinct microbial community structure. The samples from coal-mined site had a relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. On the other hand, Acidobacteria was more prevalent in seashore-adjacent samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria decreased toward higher soil pH, whereas that of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was positively correlated with soil pH. Our results suggest that soil bacterial community dissimilarity can be driven by spatial heterogeneity in deglaciated mature soil. Furthermore, these results indicate that soil microbial composition and relative abundance are more affected by soil pH, an abiotic factor, than plant species, a biotic factor.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2001

아까시나무가 인접 임분의 종류와 계층구조 그리고 식생단위에 따른 이입 정도를 분석하였던 바 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다. 1) 인접 임분의 종류에 관계없이 전 방위로 아까시나무가 이입하고 있었다. 그러나 계층구조가 잘 발달된 임분에는 이입하기 어려우나 임분이 소개되었거나 아까시나무가 재해를 입었을 경우에는 인접 임분 내에 빠르게 이입할 것으로 예측되었다. 2) 아까시나무는 인접 임분의 식생단위에 관계없이 전 방위로 이입하고 있으나, 식생단위 간에 차이가 있었다. 갈참나무군락과 졸참나무군락 내에서는 아까시나무의 우점도가 +~2로서 낮게 나타났으며, 소나무군락, 리기다소나무군락, 굴참나무군락 및 상수리나무군락에서는 아까시나무의 우정도가 1~4로서 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 소나무군락 내의 3개 식생단위 중에서는 산박하소군(I-A-1)에서 아까시나무의 우점도가 + ~2로서 가장 낮게 출현하였다.