• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1994

Zinc Phosphate Cement hand been used for about more than 100 years in luting of cast gold inlay. But many scientists had been trying to develop the new form of luting agent because the ZPC hand shown the lack of adhesiveness on the tooth structure and the toxicity to the pulp tissue. Recently many researches about the surface treatment of the cast body are being done to increase the adhesion of cement to it. The conventional Class I gold inlays were fabricated in the 20 permanent molars. After the internal surface of the cast body was sandblasted with $Al_2O_3$ particles and was tin-plated, the inlays were cemented with adhesive cement [G I cement and resin cement(Super-Bond & $Panavia_{EX}$)] and the evaluation on the adhesion pattern, adhesive strength and the fracture pattern of the adhesive cast gold inlay was compared to that of the cast gold inlay cemented conventionally with ZPC. The results were as follows : 1. The surface roughness of the cast body was increased significantly after sandblasting with the $Al_2O_3$ particles and the tin oxide layer, which was consisted of round particles, came into being. 2. The bond strength was in the order of Super-Bond, ZPC, Fuji I, $Panavia_{EX}$ group. The group cemented with Super-Bond showed statistically greater strength than the other groups(p<0.05). 3. The group cemented with ZPC was fallen apart by principal adhesion failure and that with Fuji I was by complete adhesion failure. But the group with Super-Bond showed pricncipal cohesive failure pattern and in the group with $Panavia_{EX}$, complete cohesive fracture pattern was shown and small protion of tooth structure was fractured out with cast body and the fractured surface showed the figure just as the enamel prism. 4. Various gaps were shown at the pulpal side regardless of little gap at the side walls of the cavity in all groups. Only the Super-Bond was attached to the tooth structure and the other cements were detached from both the tooth and the cast body.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different surface treatment methods on the bond strength between aged composite-resin core and luting agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seventy-five resin composites and also seventy-five zirconia ceramic discs were prepared. 60 composite samples were exposed to thermal aging (10,000 cycles, 5 to $55^{\circ}C$) and different surface treatment. All specimens were separated into 5 groups (n=15): 1) Intact specimens 2) Thermal aging-air polishing 3) Thermal aging- Er:YAG laser irradiation 4) Thermal aging- acid etching 5) Thermal-aging. All specimens were bonded to the zirconia discs with resin cement and fixed to universal testing machine and bond strength testing loaded to failure with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fractured surface was classified as adhesive failure, cohesive failure and adhesive-cohesive failure. The bond strength data was statistically compared by the Kruskal-Wallis method complemented by the Bonferroni correction Mann-Whitney U test. The probability level for statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}$=.05. RESULTS. Thermal aging and different surface treatment methods have significant effect on the bond strength between composite-resin cores and luting-agent (P<.05). The mean baseline bond strength values ranged between $7.07{\pm}2.11$ and $26.05{\pm}6.53$ N. The highest bond strength of $26.05{\pm}6.53$ N was obtained with Group 3. Group 5 showed the lowest value of bond strength. CONCLUSION. Appropriate surface treatment method should be applied to aged composite resin cores or aged-composites restorations should be replaced for the optimal bond strength and the clinical success.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.30.1-30.11
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• 2023

Objectives: This study verified the possibility of cementing fiberglass-reinforced posts using a flowable bulk-fill composite (BF), comparing its push-out bond strength and microhardness with these properties of 3 luting materials. Materials and Methods: Sixty endodontically treated bovine roots were used. Posts were cemented using conventional dual-cured cement (CC); self-adhesive cement (SA); dual-cured composite (RC); and BF. Push-out bond strength (n = 10) and microhardness (n = 5) tests were performed after 1 week and 4 months of storage. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), 1-way ANOVA, t-test, and Tukey post-hoc tests were applied for the push-out bond strength and microhardness results; and Pearson correlation test was applied to verify the correlation between push-out bond strength and microhardness results (α = 0.05). Results: BF presented higher push-out bond strength than CC and SA in the cervical third before aging (p < 0.01). No differences were found between push-out bond strength before and after aging for all the luting materials (p = 0.84). Regarding hardness, only SA presented higher values measured before than after aging (p < 0.01). RC and BF did not present 80% of the maximum hardness at the apical regions. A strong positive correlation was found between the luting materials' push-out bond strength and microhardness (p < 0.01, R² = 0.7912). Conclusions: The BF presented comparable or higher push-out bond strength and microhardness than the luting materials, which indicates that it could be used for cementing resin posts in situations where adequate light curing is possible.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare film thickness of five kinds of resin luting cements [Comspan, Panavia Ex, Maryland bridge adhesive, All-bond C & B cementation kit, and Super-bond C & B]. Zinc-phosphate cement and glass-ionomer cement were used as the control group. In order to measure the film thickness the methods used were in broad compliance with ADA Specification No. 8, a tapered-die system that simulates clinical conditions more closely, and the connected tapered-die system that simulates bridge conditions. The inorganic filler size of resin cements was also examined with scanning electron micrographs. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The film thickness of resin cements was increased in the order of Comspan, Panavia Ex, Super-bond C & B, Maryland bridge adhesive, and All-bond C & B cementation kit. Maryland bridge adhesive and All-bond C & B cementation kit showed significantly higher film thickness than the control group(p<0.01). 2. For all resin cements, there was a significant difference of film thickness between the ADA method and the tapered-die system. Generally, the tapered-die system demonstrated lower film thickness than the ADA method(p<0.01). 3. There was no significant difference in film thickness between the tapered-die system and the tapered-die bridge system in all resin cements(p<0.01). 4. The scanning electron microscope showed that the cement with larger filler had a tendency to be higher in film thickness.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2006

Orthodontic seamless bands are frequently used in pediatric dentistry. In the process of seating bands with luting cement coated inside, not uniformed coating might bring about various problems such as enamel decalcification and/or gingivitis, and this clinical trial was made to review several band-seating methods to exclude these risks. One kind of band luting cement and one size of seamless bands were used on the resin replicas of an extracted maxillary and mandibular 1st molar with three different seating methods 1. seating the band with the luting cement coated only inside the band, 2. seating the band with the luting cement coated inside the band and on axial surfaces of the teeth, 3. seating the band with the adhesive tape on the occlusal opening of the band and the luting cement coated only inside the band. After cement was completely set, bands were peeled off from the teeth and the status of cement coating was evaluated. With this experiment more uniformed coating of the luting cement was found in latter two groups. These methods are thought more appropriate to almost completely rule out the risk of unevenly coated cement beneath the bands by conventional method.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2018

PURPOSE. In this study, the shear bond strengths (SBS) of luting cements to fixed superstructure metal surfaces under various seating forces were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seven different cements [Polycarboxylate (PCC), Glass-Ionomer (GIC), Zinc phospahate (ZPC), Self-adhesive resin (RXU), Resin (C&B), and Temporary cements ((RXT) and (TCS))] were bonded to a total number of 224 square blocks ($5{\times}5{\times}3mm$) made of one pure metal [Titanium (CP Ti) and two metal alloys [Gold-Platinum (Au-Pt) and Cobalt-Chrome (Co-Cr)] under 10 N and 50 N seating forces. SBS values were determined and data were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons and interactions among groups were analyzed with Tukey's simultaneous confidence intervals. RESULTS. Overall mean scores indicated that Co-Cr showed the highest SBS values ($1.96{\pm}0.4$) (P<.00), while Au-Pt showed the lowest among all metals tested ($1.57{\pm}0.4$) (P<.00). Except for PCC/CP Ti, RXU/CP Ti, and GIC/Au-Pt factor level combinations (P<.00), the cements tested under 10 N seating force showed no significantly higher SBS values when compared to the values of those tested under 50 N seating force (P>.05). The PCC cement showed the highest mean SBS score ($3.59{\pm}0.07$) among all cements tested (P<.00), while the resin-based temporary luting cement RXT showed the lowest ($0.39{\pm}0.07$) (P<.00). CONCLUSION. Polycarboxylate cement provides reliable bonding performance to metal surfaces. Resin-based temporary luting cements can be used when retrievability is needed. GIC is not suitable for permanent cementation of fixed dental prostheses consisting of CP Ti or Au-Pt substructures.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of surface conditioning on the shear bond strength of zirconium-oxide ceramic to 4 luting agents. Materials and methods: A total of 120 diskshaped zirconium-oxide ceramic blocks (3Y-TZP, Kyoritsu, Japan) were treated as follows: (1) Sandblasting with $110\;{\mu}m$ aluminum-oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles; (2) tribochemical silica coating (Rocatec) using $110\;{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ particles modified by silica; (3) no treatment. Then zirconium-oxide ceramic blocks bonded with 4 luting cements (RelyX luting (3M ESPE), Maxcem (Kerr), Nexus3 (Kerr), Rely X Unicem (3M ESPE)). Each group was tested in shear bond strengths by UTM. A 1-way analysis of variance and 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data ($\alpha$ = .05). Results: RelyX unicem in combination tribochemical silica-coating produced a highest bond strength (P < .05). Air abrasion group and Rocatec treatment groups resulted in significantly higher than no conditioning group (P < .05). RelyX Luting groups showed lower bond strength than other groups. There were significant differences among groups (P < .05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, RelyX Unicem cement provided the highest bond strength and Rocatec treatment enhanced the bond strength.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.680-687
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare post cementation efficacy according to the different adhesive systems and cement delivery methods. A total of 40 extracted human single-rooted premolar teeth were randomly divided in four groups according to the two luting agents of Unicem applicap (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) or Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) and cement delivery methods of direct cement application or lentulo spiral application. After restoration using glass?fiber posts, the samples were embedded in acrylic resin. Three sections of 2 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen, and the post in each section was subjected to a push-out test. The data were analysed statistically at significant level of 95%. The Unicem had significantly higher push-out bond strength than Variolink and the lentulo spiral application made higher bond strength (p<0.05). Adhesive failure between cement and dentin was predominant in all groups. The Unicem of self-etch system and cement delivery using lentulo spiral showed clinically acceptable and comparable bonding strength for the fiber post.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.618-630
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• 2000

As Fiber-reinforced composite restorations cannot be made without leaving a marginal gap, luting cements play a pivotal role in sealing the margins as a prevention against margnal leakage. A recently introduced adhesive resin cement system is claimed to adhere chemically, as well as mechanically, to tooth substances, dental alloys and porcelain. But when considering the clinical variation conventional cementation using Zinc Phosphate and Glass-Ionomer can be requested. A vitro study was undertaken to compare microleakage and marginal fitness of Fiber-reinforced composite crowns(Targis/Vectris) depending upon luting cements. Fifty non-carious human premolar teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups of 10 teeth each and luted with five luting cements. ($Bistite\;II^(R),\;Super-bond^(R),\;Variolink\;II^(R)$), Zinc phosphate and Glass-Ionomer cement) After 24 hours of being luted, all specimens were thermocycled 300 times through water bath of $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ in each bath, then the quality of the marginal fitness was measured by the Digital Microscope and marginal leakage was characterized using Dye Penetration technique and the Digital Microscope The results were as follows : 1. The mean values of marginal fit were Bistite II($46.78{\mu}m$), Variolink II($56.25{\mu}m$), Super-Bond($56.78{\mu}m$), Glass-Ionomer($99.21{\mu}m$), Zinc Phosphate($109.49{\mu}m$) indicated a statistically significant difference at p<0.001. 2. The mean microleakage values of tooth-cement interface, restoration-cement interface were increased in the order of Variolink II, Bistite II, Super-Bond, Glass-Ionomer, Zinc Phosphate 3. Crowns luted with resin cement (Bistite II, Super-Bond, Variolink II, etc) exhibited less marginal gap and marginal leakage than those luted with conventional Glass-Ionomer and Zinc Phosphate cement. 4. The results indicated that all five luting systems yielded comparable and acceptable marginal fit.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

When restoring endodontically treated teeth is the mismatch between fiber post size and post space diameter, the resin cement layer is excessively thick in post space and voids are likely to form in it, thus predisposing to de-bonding. The method to overcome this problem is to reline the fiber post with composite resin. This individual anatomic post improves the adaptation of post to root walls and decreases the resin cement thickness. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of fiber post according to relining procedure and luting agents type used for simplicity of clinical procedure. Forty-two extracted teeth were divides into six groups.(n=7) A1: relined fiber post cemented with Luxacore/all-bons 2, A2: non-relined fiber post cemented with Luxacore/all-bond2, B1: relinind fiber post cemented with Calibra/XP-bond, B2: non-relined fiber post cemented with Calibra/XP-bond, C1: relined fiber post cemented with RelyX Unicem, C2: non-relined fiber post cemented with RelyX Unicem Push-out bond strength was affected by interaction between relining procedure and luting agent type. Relined fiber post presented higher push-out bond strength value than non-relined fiber post and statically significant differences(p<0.05) Cementation with RelyX Unicem showed significantly higher bond strength than other luting agents(p<0.05).