• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.67-83
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• 2008

This study is process of conservation treatment for textiles and custumes containing Jikgeum(weave with supplementary golden wefts) and Bugeum(Gold sticking) among excavated ones(including all of Sinsu751) of Cheongyeongunju (a princess) collected by the National Museum of Korea. Adhesive strength was reinforced by coating 2% solution of glue on layer of gold disintegrated in the course of depletion of gold(Au) on the surface after conducting nondestructive test(X-ray fluorescent analysis) of flat gold strip and gold sticking. To remove dust on the surface and polluted materials, dry cleaning through vacuum suction and spray-type wet cleaning were conducted simultaneously and damaged part was restored to recover the relics to original state.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.2 s.115
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Starch is widely used as an adhesive material in the paper and corrugated board industry. The adhesion problem of corrugated board is categorized by two main parts called zipper board and white glue line. The object of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the adhesion problem by the gelatinization of various starch solutions and dynamic penetration properties measurements of various commercial base paper and handsheets. Flow property of starch solution is affected by sodium hydroxide addition and reaction level. Absorption property of commercial base papers and handsheets is affected by sizing and stock composition. Optimum bonding between top/bottom liners and corrugated medium is accomplished by acceptable flow viscosity of mixed starch solution and proper adsorption characteristic of base paper.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

Bonding strength of a thermal sprayed coating is difficult to measure using a conventional pull-off test method. Scratch test is a potential alternative testing method. An adhesive and a cohesive bond strength of the coating can be measured by the pull-off test while the scratch test performed on the cross-section of the thermal sprayed coating can only demonstrate the cohesive bond strength of the coating. Nevertheless, it is still beneficial to perform the scratch testing on the cross-section of the coating for the sake of comparison thus providing an alternative to the pull-off test. The scratch test method can reduce testing time and cost in the long run due to a significant cost reduction in consumables and energy and time saving from the curing step of the glue used in the pull-off test. This research investigates the possibility of using the scratch test to measure the cohesive bond strength of Mo/NiCrBSi composite coating. The results from the pull-off test and the scratch test indicate that the cohesive bond strengths of the Mo composite coating show similar trend and that the cohesive bond strength are increased when increasing NiCrBSi content.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.164-176
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• 2012

In the present study, rapeseed flour (RSF), which is a by-product from the production of edible oil and biodiesel extracted from rapeseed, was used to develop alternative adhesives for the production of plywood panels. To examine the effects of the enzyme on the adhesive properties and formaldehyde emission of the RSF-based adhesive resins, three enzymes, such as cellulase (CEL), pectinase (PEC) and protease (ALC), were used either separately or together. As a crosslinking agent, PF prepolymers, which were prepared with 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 mole formaldehyde and 1 mol phenol (1.8-, 2.1- and 2.4-PF), were added into the RSF hydrolyzates. The adhesive resins formulated with CEL- or CEL-PEC-RSF hydrolyzates and 1.8-F/P PF prepolymers exhibited excellent adhesive strengths and formaldehyde emission. The tensile shear strength and formaldehyde emission of the plywood panels bonded with the formulate resins were satisfied with the minimum requirement of the KS standard for ordinary plywood panels (0.6 N/$mm^2$). In addition, formaldehyde emissions of the plywood panels approached to that of E0 specified in the KS standard (0.5 mg/${\ell}$), and even had much better than those of commercial UF glue mixes. Overall, the use of RSF-based adhesive resins for the production of plywood panels might provide durable adhesive properties and an environmentally friendly substitute for petroleum-based adhesive resins. However, further researches - the increase of solid content of RSF-based adhesives for reducing press time and the microscopic observation of plywood specimen for identifying the relationship between tensile shear strength and the penetration of adhesives into wood structure - are required to commercialize the RSF-based adhesives.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the bending strength properties of the unreinforced glulam beams and the GFRP laminated glulam beams according to the volume ratio of GFRP. The 7-layer glulam beams ($10cm(b){\times}14cm(h){\times}180cm(l)$) were manufactured, using Larch (Larix kaempferi Carr.) laminae ($2cm(h){\times}10cm(b){\times}360cm(l)$), which were dried to the moisture content of 8% and specific gravity of 0.54. GPRP of 0.1 and 0.3 cm was reinforced between the outmost layer of bottom and next layer. When the glulam beams were reinforced with GFRP at the volume ratio of 0.7% and 2.1%, respectively, the bending strength was increased by 12% and 28%, respectively, in the reinforced beams than in control glulam beams. Also, the GFRP reinforced layer of the glulam beams with GFRP laminations blocked the progression of rupture, and the unbroken part held about 90% of the bending strength. In the results of glue joints test, the block shear strength is higher than $7.1N/mm^2$, the standard of KS F3021, and in the result of delamination, the adhesive strength is good as the water soaking and boiling delamination was less than 5%.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.528-537
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• 2015

To reuse the waste bone from restaurants or butcher houses, the possibility of using waste bone powder after cooking as a filler for wood adhesives used in manufacturing plywood was investigated. Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plywoods were manufactured by using commonly used wood adhesives such as urea-melamine formaldehyde (UMF) resin, urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and the prepared fillers from cattle bone powder, pig bone powder, and seashell powder. Plywood fabricated by using cattle bone powder, pig bone powder, and seashell powder showed weaker performance in dry and wet glue-joint shear strength and wood failure than those of the plywood with wheat flour. The result showed that it was hard to use only bone powder for the replacement of wheat flour. However, the filler mixed with wheat flour and bone powders showed equivalent dry bonding strength and better water resistance than the wheat flour, indicating that bone powders mixed with wheat flour might be used for the manufacture of plywood. When bone powders were mixed with wheat flour as adhesive fillers the shell powder showed the lowest bonding properties and there was no big difference between the cattle bone powder and the pig bone powder.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.16-23
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• 1981

This study has been carried out to make a comparative study for the adhesive control methods specifically developed for application to formaldehyde. The method for formaldehyde determination used in this report is the improved chromo tropic acid determination. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The soaking treatment in aqueous solution of urea wok the most scavenging effect on the formaldehyde release from a plywood sample glued with a urea formaldehyde adhesive, and other removal treatment such as resorcinol, albumine-, and hardener-treatment gave significant reduction too. 2. In glue shear strength of dry test, 2% of resorcinol treatment and soaking treatment showed the highest strength and all the other treatment met the standard, but in hot water soaking test, 2% of resorcinol treatment gave the best results, on the other hand, adding the hardener showed the lowest strength and failed in meeting the standard. 3. Air dried moisture content of all treated plywood met the standard which calls for 13% or bellow. 4. In this comparative study, we can make a strong combination each other or go into the details of one treatment for the best result through the more study.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2022

Through scientific analysis, this study identified the material characteristics of metal foil decorating the border line and knotting of the National Folklore Cultural Heritage 'Pouch for the Sutra Embroidered with a Sun and Moon Design'. Through Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy results, it was estimated that silver (Ag) and sulfur (S) were present in the metal foil, and silver leaf was also attached to the medium. S may discolor Ag from yellow to black depending on its concsentration and contact time. Yellow color could not be identified in metal foil at present. But there existed an example of the preparation of a gold-colored flat silver thread; therefore, further research is needed to estimate the original color. The lamella was reddish brown on the back. Aluminum, silicon, and iron were also detected and were the main components found in red soil. This is believed to be the red adhesive in traditional flat gold thread and is considered to be an adhesive-related component of the metal foil. From the gas chromatography mass spectrometry results, the adhesive component was confirmed to be animal glue.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.595-604
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• 2018

In this study, in a bid to develop natural bioadhesives for paper craft, the hanji industry, and preserving cultural assets, complex polysaccharides were extracted from brown and red algae and used as an ingredient in adhesives. Brown algae include sea trumpet, kelp, sea oak, and sea mustard, whereas red algae include Pachymeniopsis elliptica agar-agar weed, Gloiopeltis tenax, and hunori. The polysaccharides were extracted after transforming them from non-aqueous Ca complexes contained in each of the brown and red algae into water-soluble polysaccharides containing alkali metals with a solubility level of 1. and extracted Subsequently, only the polysaccharides were extracted using alcohol precipitation. The adhesion tensile strengths of kelp, a brown algae, and Pachymeniopsis elliptica, a red algae, were 21.58 and 32.99 kgf, respectively. They thus demonstrated better adhesion than that of solid glue products such as water plants (18.45 kgf) and glue sticks (20.45 kgf). The extraction yield of these polysaccharides is supposed to be determined according to their extracted environments; however, no difference in adhesion strength was seen. Further, it was found that the shapes of polysaccharides were determined by their growing environment instead of extraction environment. Use of multi-step alcohol precipitation method during extraction enabled the removal of the constituents except protein and other polysaccharides, thereby demonstrating a stable outcome without cultivation of mold. Furthermore, there was no occurrence of mold even after production of the adhesives by the simple solution method, which demonstrates the adhesive's potential as an environment-friendly adhesive material.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2017

In this study, specimens were produced with a column member and a wooden gusset only by inserting an wooden gusset which is a substitute for steel plate into the center of a slit-processed column member. The moment resistance performance of the specimens was compared with that of control specimens that used a steel plate. The measured maximum moments of the specimens produced with GFRP-reinforced wooden laminated gussets and pins were lower by 24% on average compared to the steel plate-inserted specimens, but they showed good toughness. The fracture shape suggests that it was fractured along the annual rings between the pin and the end of the column member. The rigid specimen that integrated a laminated wood and a wooden laminated gusset with adhesive showed 2.8 times greater initial rigidity and 40% greater maximum moment on average compared to the control specimen. The rigid specimens mainly fractured on a glulam around glue line.