• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.98-107
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• 2004

The objectives of this research are to establish the criteria of peel occurrence considering the shape of bond terminus and to compare the strength properties of some adhesive joints. The criteria of feel occurrence at the bond terminus was suggested. Peel loads of some adhesive joint(butt joint, T -shape specimen, single lap joint) were determined from tensile tests. Principal stress distributions of these joints were determined from finite element method analysis. Then, peel occurrence was estimated with intensity of stress singularity ' $K_{prin.}$' when the terminus shape was square, with average principal stress when the terminus shape was rounded. The conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) In the non-filleted model(e.g., butt joint, T-shape specimen), principal stress shows singularity at the bond terminus, intensity of stress(principal stress) singularity ' $K_{prin.}$&apso; can use as the criteria of peel occurrence at the bond terminus. (2) In the filleted model(e.g., single lap joint), principal stress doesn't show singularity at the bond terminus. Average principal stress can use as the criteria of peel occurrence at the bond terminus.'t show singularity at the bond terminus. Average principal stress can use as the criteria of peel occurrence at the bond terminus.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.491-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope and microtensile bond strength test of two adhesive systems. The dentin surface of human molars. sectioned to remove the enamel from the occlusal surface. Either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M Dental Product, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A) or Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) was bonded to the surface. and covered with resin-composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced perpendicular to the adhesive interface to measure the hybrid layer thickness by confocal laser scanning microscope. The specimen were trimmed to give a bonded cross-sectional surface area of $1\textrm{mm}^2$, then the micro-tensile bone test was performed at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min. All fractured surfaces were also observed by stereomicroscope. There was no significant differences in bond strengths the materials(p>0.05). However. the hybrid layers of three-step dentin adhesive system, SM, had significantly thicker than self-etching adhesive system. CS(p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strengths(p>0.05). Bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems were not dependent on the thickness of hybrid layer.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human molars were trimmed at the occlusal dentin surfaces and divided mesiodistally. According to hemostatic agent application, specimens were randomly allocated into control (C) and hemostatic agent (Traxodent; H) groups. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the adhesive system (n = 20): Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBER), Clearfil SE Bond (CLSE), All-Bond Universal etch-and-rinse mode (ALER), and All-Bond Universal self-etch mode (ALSE). SBS was measured for half of the specimens at 24 hours, and the other half were thermocycled in water baths (group T). Fracture surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode. The SBS was measured, and data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance, the Student's t-test, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test (p = 0.05). Results: No significant differences in SBS were found between groups C and H for any adhesive system at 24 hours. After thermocycling, a statistically significant difference was observed between CT+ALSE and HT+ALSE (p < 0.05). When All-Bond Universal was applied to hemostatic agent-contaminated dentin, the SBS of H+ALSE was significantly lower than that of H+ALER (p < 0.05). The SBER subgroups showed no significant differences in SBS regardless of treatment and thermocycling. Conclusions: When exposed dentin was contaminated by an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent before dentin adhesive treatment, application of All-Bond Universal in etch-and-rinse mode was superior to self-etch mode.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.3 s.32
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• pp.583-591
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• 1990

If the bond strength is sufficient to resist orthodontic force, orthodontic brackets can be bonded to restorations. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to composite resin and glass ionomer cement restorations with no-mix adhesive or glass ionomer cement. The shear bond strength of adhesives bonded to restorations was studied in vitro. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 10 extracted natural teeth, 40 composite resin restorations and 40 glass ionomer restorations. The surfaces of composite resin restorations were roughened or applied with bonding agent (Scothbond) after surface roughening. The surfaces of glass ionomer cement restorations were conditioned with acid etching or applied with Scotchbond to etched surface. The adhesive was no-mix resin or glass ionomer cement. The shear bond strength was measured. The results were as follows: 1. Orthodontic brackets could be bonded to composite resin restorations effectively as they could be bonded to acid etched enamel with no-mix adhesive. The shear bond strength was sufficient to resist orthodontic force and was not affected by bonding agent greatly. 2. The shear bond strength of no-mix adhesive bonded to acid etched glass ionomer cement restorations was sufficient to resist orthodontic force. However. the fracture risk of glass ionomer cement restorations was increased during debonding. The bonding agent couldn't increase the shear bond strength greatly. 3. The shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement bonded to glass ionomer cement restorations was lower than that of no-mix adhesive. The shear bond strength was sufficient to resist orthodontic force and was greatly decreased by bonding agent. 4. The shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement bonded to composite resin restorations was too low to resist orthodontic force.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2008

Statement of problems: Self-etch adhesives exhibit some clinical benefits such as ease of manipulation and reduced technique-sensitivity. Nevertheless, some concern remains regarding the bonding effectiveness of self-etch adhesives to enamel, in particular when so-called 'mild' self-etch adhesives are employed. This study compared the microtensile bond strengths to ground enamel of the two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) to the three-step etch-and- rinse adhesive Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE) and the one-step self-etch adhesive iBond (Heraeus Kulzer). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a preceding phosphoric acid conditioning step on the bonding effectiveness of a two-step self-etch adhesive to ground enamel. Material and methods: The two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond non-etch group, Clearfil SE Bond etch group with prior 35% phosphoric acid etching, and the one-step self-etch adhesive iBond group were used as experimental groups. The three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was used as a control group. The facial surfaces of bovine incisors were divided in four equal parts cruciformly, and randomly distributed into each group. The facial surface of each incisor was ground with 800-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive group was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions to ground enamel, after which the surface was built up using Light-Core (Bisco). After storage in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 week, the restored teeth were sectioned into enamel beams approximately 0.8*0.8mm in cross section using a low speed precision diamond saw (TOPMET Metsaw-LS). After storage in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 month, 3 months, microtensile bond strength evaluations were performed using microspecimens. The microtensile bond strength (MPa) was derived by dividing the imposed force (N) at time of fracture by the bond area ($mm^2$). The mode of failure at the interface was determined with a microscope (Microscope-B nocular, Nikon). The data of microtensile bond strength were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Least Significant Difference Post Hoc Test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean microtensile bond strength after 1 month of storage showed no statistically significant difference between all adhesive groups (P>0.05). After 3 months of storage, adhesion to ground enamel of iBond was not significantly different from Clearfil SE Bond etch (P>>0.05), while Clearfil SE Bond non-etch and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose demonstrated significantly lower bond strengths (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the two adhesives. Conclusion: In this study the microtensile bond strength to ground enamel of two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond was not significantly different from three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, and prior etching with 35% phosphoric acid significantly increased the bonding effectiveness of Clearfil SE Bond to enamel at 3 months.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of universal adhesives with two dual-cured resin cements. Eighty human molars were divided into eight groups. Tooth was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and sectioned horizontally to exposure dentine surface. After polishing with 600-grit SiC paper, adhesives were applied. All-Bond Universal (Bisco), G-premio bond (GC), Scotch-bond universal (3M ESPE), Scotch-bond Multipurpose (3M ESPE) were used in this study. Calibra (Dentsply) as a conventional dual-curing resin cement and RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE) as an amine free resin cement were used. The adhesives and the cements were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Final specimens were cylinder (diameter 2mm, height 3mm) shape. After storing in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days the shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the adhesives when RelyX Ultimate was used (p>0.05). However, when Calibra used with Scotch-bond Multipurpose and All-Bond Universal were used, statistically higher SBS was observed, as compared to the groups which Calibra cements with G-premio bond and Scotch-bond universal adhesive (p<0.05) were used. Within the limitations of this study, RelyX Ultimate resin cement was compatible with universal adhesives of various pH. All-Bond Universal adhesive was compatible with a resin cement containing the tertiary amine.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of application time and phosphoric acid etching of 8th generation adhesives containing functional monomer on adhesive performance in primary teeth. 80 extracted non-carious human primary teeth were selected and divided into 8 groups based on 3 factors: (1) adhesive: G-Premio bond and Single bond universal; (2) application time: shortened time and manufacture's instruction; (3) acid etching mode: self-etching and total-etching. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and fractured surface were observed under scanning electron microscope. Microleakage was evaluated by dye penetration depth. G-Premio bond were not significant different in shear bond strength and microleakage depending on application time of adhesive and acid etching mode. In Single bond universal, shear bond strength of short application time was significantly lower than that of long adhesive application time (p = 0.014). Clinically applicable shear bond strength values (> 17 MPa) were identified in all groups. These results suggested that G-Premio bond be used clinically for a short application time without phosphoric acid etching.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial saliva contamination and decontamination procedures at different stages of a bonding procedure on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of two one-step self-etch adhesives and a two-step total-etch adhesive to dentin of primary teeth. Forty-two extracted sound primary molars were randomly divided into three groups depending on three adhesives, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), All-Bond Universal (ABU) and Prime & Bond NT (PNT). For each adhesive, the teeth were allocated into seven groups. Except for control group, group 1, the groups were contaminated with artificial saliva at three different stages: the groups 2 and 3 - before adhesive application; the groups 4 and 5 - before adhesive polymerization; the groups 6 and 7 - after adhesive polymerization. Decontaminating procedures were rinsing, air-drying (group 2, 4, 6) and air-drying (group 3, 5, 7). The specimens were restored with composite resin (Filtek, Z350) and microtensile bond strength was measured. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05). In the control group, using PNT resulted in significantly higher bond strength than when ABU and SBU were used (p < 0.001). For three adhesives, the groups 2, 4 and 6 had greater bond strength than the groups 3, 5 and 7. Also, when the artificial saliva was contaminated before adhesive polymerization (group 4, 5), it showed a significantly lower bond strength. Generally the two-step total-etch adhesive generated a higher bond strength than the one-step self-etch adhesive. Artificial saliva contamination before adhesive polymerization led to a drastic decrease in bond strength, and rinsing with water followed by air-drying could not recover the bond strength.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.6 s.113
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• pp.433-442
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets depending on the variety of adhesives and whether saliva exists, by using self-etching primer (SEP). Groups were divided according to the type of adhesive into resin adhesive (Trans bond XT) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC). One group of resin adhesive used XT primer after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, and the other group used self-etching primer. One group of resin-modified glass ionomer cement only used etching for bonding, and the other group used SEP. Each of the groups were also classified by whether saliva was contaminated or not. and then the shear bond strength was measured. The results showed that when using resin adhesive, the shear bond strength of SEP was lower than the XT primer. In the resin-modified glass ionomer cement groups, the shear bond strength which depends on the priming method, did not have a meaningful difference statistically When saliva was contaminated, the group which used SEP, regardless of the adhesive variety, had a greater shear bond strength than the normal priming group. From these results, SEP showed a shear bond strength that is possible to be used clinically, regardless of the adhesive variety. It can especially be clinically useful to use SEP to bond brackets even on tooth surfaces contaminated with saliva, because it offers the appropriate bonding strength as well as shorter treatment time and easy application.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.290-298
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• 1996

The effects of impression tray disinfection procedures on the bond strength of impression-material adhesive to two of types resin trays were evaluated with a tensile test. Autopolyme-rizing acrylic resin was formed into 1x1x1 cm cubes. A hook was attached to each cube with autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Perforated trays were fabricated with stops to maintain an even 3 cm of impression material over the resin block. Hook on the opposite side of the perforated tray permitted attachment of the metal plate to a mechanical testing machine. Before adhesive was applied, one third of the resin specimens were immersed in a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution : one third in a 2% glutaradehyde solution, and one third were kept in the "as fabricated" condition. Three products(Perfect ups, Exafine, and Exp-ress) of polyvynil siloxane impression material-adhesive system were evaluated. The resin-impression material-metal plate couples were attached to a mechanical testing machine and tensile forces were applied at a separation rate of 10 centimeters per second. The results were as follows; 1. Both disinfectant and adhesive had effects on bond strength values, but adhesive had more effect than disinfectant(p<0.01). However, there was no interaction between dinin-fectant and adhesive(p>0.01). 2. Mean bond strength values for the Perfect materials were about 85% less than that of the Exafine or the Express materials. However, there was no stastically significant difference between the mean bond strength values of the Exafine materials and the Express materials(p>0.05). 3. The use of disinfectants produced significant reduction in bond strength values(p<0.05). But there was no stastically significant difference between the mean bond strength values of the groups treated with disinfectants(p>0.05).