• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.621-624
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• 2004

A 13-year-old female Miniature Pincher was euthanized after suffering from respiratory insufficiency and seizure. At necropsy, firm tan masses approsimately 4 to 5 cm in diameter were noted at the right caudal love and left cranial lobe of the lung. On cross sections of the cerebellum and the verebrum, several compressive firm round masses, 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter, were noted. similar looking nodules were also present in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the neoplastic masses consisted of cuboidal shape epithelial cells that form glandular structure. The neoplastic cells have hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and moderate amount of cytoplasm. The degree of mitosis was high (4-6/400X). Multiple areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and tumor emboli were also noted. Metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes, pancreas, and brain was confirmed. Based on the gross and histopathologic examinations, a diagnosis of primary metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma was made. Clinicaly recognized neurological signs were therefore due to brain metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4641-4645
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• 2015

The present investigation was designed to assess the anticancer activity of six different leaf extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and water soluble) of Abelia triflora on A-549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. A-549 cells were exposed to $10-1000{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of the leaf extracts of A. triflorafor 24 h and then percentage cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that leaf extracts of A. triflora significantly reduced the viability of A-549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Decrease was recorded as 31% with ethyl acetate, 36% with methanol, 46% with chloroform, 54% with petroleum ether, 62% with n-butanol, and 63% with water soluble extracts at $1000{\mu}g/ml$ each. Among the various plant extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest decrease in the percentage cell viability, followed by methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and water soluble extracts. Our results demonstrated preliminary screening of anticancer activity of different soluble extracts of A. triflora extracts against A-549 cells, which can be further used for the development of a potential therapeutic anticancer agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2491-2494
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the mechanism and significance of tumor angiogenesis by observing changes of microvessel density (MVD) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in residual tumor tissues after cryoablation. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 nude mice xenograft models with transplanted lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 were established and randomly divided into 3 groups when the maximum diameter of tumor reached 1 cm: control, cisplatin (DDP) and cryoablation. The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-d cryoablation to obtain the tumor tissues. Then immunohistochemistry was applied to determine MVD and the expression of VEGF in tumor tissues. Results: The tumor volumes of control group, DDP group and cryoablation group were $1.48{\pm}0.14cm^3$, $1.03{\pm}0.12cm^3$ and $0.99{\pm}0.06cm^3$ respectively and the differences were significant (P<0.01), whereas MVD values were $21.1{\pm}0.86$, $24.7{\pm}0.72$ and $29.2{\pm}0.96$ (P<0.01) and the positive expression rates of VEGF were $36.2{\pm}1.72%$, $39.0{\pm}1.79%$ and $50.8{\pm}2.14%$ (P<0.01), respectively, showing that MVD was proportional to the positive expression of VEGF (r=0.928, P<0.01). Conclusions: Cryoablation can effectively inhibit tumor growth, but tumor angiogenesis significantly increases in residual tumors, with high expression of VEGF playing an important role in the residual tumor angiogenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2014

Hypercoagulability disorders are commonly encountered in clinical situations in patients with a variety of cancers. However, several hypercoagulability disorders presenting as first symptoms or signs in cancer patients have rarely been reported. We herein described a case of a woman with adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting with deep vein thrombosis, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, recurrent cerebral embolic infarction, and heart failure.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 1991

Supraclavicular lymph nodes are unique in that they can attract metastases from almost anywhere in the body and most common sites of metastasis from an unknown primary source. 125 cases which had been diagnosed as metastatic supraclavicular lymph node during the period between May 1983 and August 1991, were analysed pathologically, and the following distinctive characteristics could be outlined : 1) The most frequent sites of metastasis from primary lesions are lunge(43%), stomach(23%), lymphoreticular(6%), biliary(5%), esophagus(2%), and pancreas(2%). 2) Histologic examination of metastatic supraclavicular lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma(57%), squamous cell carcinoma(12%), undifferentiated carcinoma(9%), small cell carcinoma(7%), malignant lymphoma(6%), malignant melanoma(1%) and undetermined carcinoma(8%). 3) In cases that histologic type was adenocarcinoma, the most frequent primary sites were stomach(38%), lung(27%) and biliary(8%). 4) In cases that histologic types were squamous cell caricinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and undetermined carcinoma, the most frequent primary site was lung.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Lung cancer is classified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma. large-cell carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma by histology. Squamous cell carcinoma which is frequently reported in Korea is not effected by anti-cancer chemotherapy but effected by surgery or radiotherapy. We experienced a 70 year-old male patient who had been discharged after having been diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma(stage III) and considered of a viable period of 3 month. However 2 years' taking boiled water of paecilomyces japonica and phellinus linteus, he showed normal chest X-ray and more healthy life. So it is suggested that paecilomyces japonica and phellinus linteus should be effect on squamous cell carcinoma of lung.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1983

The study was carried out on 468 cases among total 4,347 cancer cases which was confirmly diagnosed as malignant neoplasms at Yonsei Center Hospital, appended to Yonsei University, during 10 years from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1980. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Total malignant neoplasm cases treated with radiation were 4,347, 1,685 of whom were males, and 2,662 females(male to female ratio was 1:1.58). 2. Lung cancer were 10.8% of total malignant neoplasm cases(468 cases), 391 cases for the male and 77 cases for the female. So, average the male to female ratio was 8:1 and cases of the male were much more. 3. The age distribution of lung cancer cases was from 27 to 82 years old. The highest age distribution was $50{\sim}59$ for males(37.9%) and $60{\sim}69$ for females(41.6%) ; 77.1% of total lung cancer cases were over 50 years old. 4. In regard to stages, the distribution of the third stage was highest(49.3%). That of the first stage was much higher during the last period(11.8%) than the first period(2.7%), and that of the fourth stage was much lower during the last period (7.8%) than the first period(21.1%). 5. In regard to pathological type, the distribution was 51.3% for squamous cell carcinoma, 29.3% for undifferentiated cell cercinoma, 12.2% for adenocarcinoma, and 7.2% for bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma in order of frequency. In regard to adenocarcinoma, the male to female ratio was 1:3.7 and cases of the female were much more. 6. In regard to tumor location, the distribution of tumor location in the right-left lobe was 59.1% in the right lobe, 33.6% in the left lobe, and 7.3% in the both lobes in order of frequency. And that of tumor location in the upper and lower lobes was all higher in the upper lobe ; especially, that of the right upper lobe was highest(31.2% of total cases). 7. For the main symptom, coughing was highest(64%), 50% for hemoptysis, and 41% for dyspnea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.536-542
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• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of the diagnostic procedures in the preoperative evaluation so as to reduce the unnecessary thoracotomy and to ensure resectability in non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: Of 616 patients who underwent thoracotomy for primary lung cancer from January 1990 to December 1996, 59 patients(9.6%) turned out to have inoperable lesions after the thoracotomy. We reprospectively reviewed the bronchoscopic findings, methods of tissue diagnosis, CT scans, pulmonary function test and lung perfusion scan, reasons for nonresectability, and adjuvant therapy, and then followed up on the survival rate after exploratory thoracotomy. Result: The cell types were squamous cell carcinoma in 38, adenocarcinoma in 15, large cell carcinoma in 3 and others in 3. Primary loci were RUL in 20, RML in 6, RLL in 8, LUL in 13, LLL in 4 and others in 8. The reasons for non-resectability were various; direct tumor invaison to mediastinal structures(n=41), seeding on pleural cavity(n=8), poor pulmonary function(n=2), invasions to extranodal mediastinal lymph node(n=2), technical non- resectability due to extensive chest wall invasion (n=3), small cell carcinoma (n=1), malignant lymphoma(n=1), and multiple rib metastases(n=1). In the follow-up of 58 patients, 1-year survival rate was 55.2% and 2-year survival rate was 17.2% and the mean survival time was 14 months. When compared according to cell types or postoperative adjuvant therapeutic modalities, no significant difference in the survival rates were found. The squamous cell carcinoma was frequently accompanied by local extension to contiguous structures and was the main cause of non-resectability. In adenocarcinoma, pleural seeding with malignant effusion was frequently encountered, and was the major reason for non-resectability. Conclusion: These data revealed that if appropriate preoperative diagnostic tools had been available, many unnecessary thoracotomies could have been avoided. Both the use of thoracoscopy in selected cases of adenocarcinoma and the more aggressive surgical approach to the locally advanced tumor could reduce the incidence of unnecessary thoracotomies for non-small cell lung cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.363-368
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• 2014

Determination of the cause of malignant pleural effusions is important for treatment and management, especially in cases of unknown primaries. There are limited biomarkers available for prediction of the cause of malignant pleural effusion in clinical practice. Hence, we evaluated pleural levels of five tumor biomarkers (CEA, AFP, CA125, CA153 and CA199) in predicting the cause of malignant pleural effusion in a retrospective study. Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests were carried out to compare levels of tumor markers in pleural effusion among different forms of neoplasia - lung squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or small cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, breast cancer, lymphoma/leukemia and miscellaneous. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in levels of pleural effusion CEA (P<0.01), AFP (P<0.01), CA153 (P<0.01) and CA199 (P<0.01), but not CA125 (P>0.05), among the seven groups. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that, compared with other four tumor markers, CA153 was the best biomarker in diagnosing malignant pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma (area under curve (AUC): 0.838 (95%confidence interval: 0.787, 0.888); cut-off value: 10.2U/ml; sensitivity: 73.2% (64.4-80.8)%, specificity: 85.2% (77.8-90.8)%), lung squamous cell carcinoma (AUC: 0.716 (0.652, 0.780); cut-off value: 14.2U/ml; sensitivity: 57.6% (50.7-64.3)%, specificity: 91.2% (76.3-98.0)%), and small-cell lung cancer (AUC: 0.812 (0.740, 0.884); cut-off value: 9.7U/ml; sensitivity: 61.5% (55.0-67.8)%, specificity: 94.1% (71.2-99.0)%); CEA was the best biomarker in diagnosing MPEs of mesothelioma (AUC: 0.726 (0.593, 0.858); cut-off value: 1.43ng/ml; sensitivity: 83.7% (78.3-88.2)%, specificity: 61.1% (35.8-82.6)%) and lymphoma/leukemia (AUC: 0.923 (0.872, 0.974); cut-off value: 1.71ng/ml; sensitivity: 82.8% (77.4-87.3)%, specificity: 92.3% (63.9-98.7)%). Thus CA153 and CEA appear to be good biomarkers in diagnosing different causes of malignant pleural effusion. Our findings implied that the two tumor markers may improve the diagnosis and treatment for effusions of unknown primaries.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1992

Background: The lung is the most common site of metastasis and usually it manifests as a single or multiple nodules in chest X-ray. But less commonly the cancer spreads through the lymphatics and X-ray shows diffuse reticulonodular densities. Sometimes, patient is presented with respiratory symptoms only with interstitial lung infiltration before the signs of primary tumor and in that cases, the differential diagnosis with other interstitial lung disease is required. We have experienced 5 such cases, who were diagnosed as lymphangitic carcinomatosis by transbronchial lung biopsy. Methods: Clinical manifestation, pulmonary function test, modified thin section CT, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy were done. Results: The primary tumor was gastric cancer in 3, lung cancer in 2. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern with low DLco in 2 patients and obstructive pattern in one. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed lymphocytosis in 4 patients and malignant cells were found in one patient. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed malignant cells localized to the lymphatics (peribronchial, perivascular and perialveolar). Cell type was adenocarcinoma in 4 and squamous cell carcinoma in one. Conclusion: Rarely lymphangitic carcinomatosis can be presented as diffuse interstitial lung disease and easily diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy.