• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.22-26
• /
• 2007

Objective : Cerebral palsy may induce harmful spastic hip adduction. We report the result of microsurgical selective obturator neurotomy, performed on 12 spastic hip adductions of 6 patients, followed clinically for at least 26 months postoperatively. Methods : Microsurgical selective obturator neurotomies, involving microsurgical resection of the anterior obturator nerve branches were performed on 6 patients from January 2000 through June 2003. All patients presented with the inability to sit and 2 patients complained of persistent, intractable pain. We used intraoperative bipolar stimulation to identify selected motor branches. Results : The procedure was performed bilaterally in all patients. In the 3 patients in whom contractures were present, microsurgical selective obturator neurotomies were accompanied by an additional tenotomy of the adductor muscles. Selective tibial neurotomy was performed on three of six patients who originally presented with a spastic ankle. Postoperatively, all spastic hip adductions were corrected more than 60 degrees in passive abduction-adduction amplitude. However, one patient who did not receive active postoperative physiotherapy demonstrated a decreased passive abduction-adduction amplitude upon follow-up. There were no surgical complications. Conclusion : We think microsurgical selective obturator neurotomy may be an effective procedure in the treatment of localized, harmful spastic hip adduction after failure of well conducted conservative treatment. As muscular contractions are often associated with spasticity of the hip adductors, an adjunctive tenotomy may be an option. Comprehensive postoperative physiotherapy is essential to improve long-term results.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2002

Reproductive cycle of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, transplanted from China on 16 August 1996, was investigated monthly until August 1997 in the Deukyang Bay, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Sexuality of this species is hermaphrodite and oviparous, Monthly changes in the soft part weight index and adductor muscle weight (g) began to increase from October and reached the maximum in November, and then the values gradually decreased from December to August, The gonadosomatic index (GI) began to increase in March and reached the maximum in April. Thereafter, the values gradually decreased from May to December, The reproductive cycle of this species, transplanted in the south coast of Korea could be divided into 5 successive stages; early active (October to February), late active (November to May), ripe (February to May), spawning (May to June) with a peak in May, and spent/inactive stage (June to August).

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.595-599
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the bridge exercise posture for the efficient exercise by comparing the muscle activity of the lower limbs according to the changes in muscle length because of knee angle in bridge exercise. The subjects of this study were 9 randomly selected males in their 20s living in D city from those who satisfied inclusion criteria. The measured muscles were Vastus medialis oblique, Vastus lateralis, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Tensor faciae latae, and Adductor longus. Data were analyzed through paired comparison test. In the result, ST, BF, and TFL muscle activities were high when knee joint flexion angle was $90^{\circ}$ Although in most cases higher muscle activity was shown at $90^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$ there was no statistical significance. Interestingly, it was lower at $90^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$ in VL. In ST, BF, and TFL, it was significantly higher at $90^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$ (p<.05). Conclusively, knee angles in bridge exercise may affect the muscle activity, and in particular when the activity of two joint muscles such as semimenbranosus muscle, biceps femoris muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle increase as the angle gets higher. Therefore, it is considered that this study will provide helpful tips to develop muscular strength enforcement program for the patients with damages in the lower limbs through bridge exercise in clinical situations.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2014

Objectives Although many studies explored the topic of meridian sinew in various perspectives and the term "meridian sinew" is widely used, the theory of meridian sinew is not applied for precise diagnosis and in-depth treatment in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to provide basic data classifying muscles into meridian sinew for future studies that investigate meridian sinew based on an anatomical basis. Methods Studies were identified with searches of six major Korean databases: OASIS, KoreaMed, KMBASE, KISS, NDSL and KoreanTK. Published primary studies classifying muscles into meridian sinew were included. Results A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Twelve studies conducted the classification of muscles into meridian sinew based on meridian/ acupoints distribution and six based on meridian sinew distribution, and two based on both. Muscles with fidelity level of 50 or more were 54 (85.7%) and muscles with 100 fidelity level were 7 (11.3%): occipitalis, adductor digiti minimi, frontalis, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vatus lateralis and extensor digitorum longus. Conclusions Classification results of muscles into meridian sinew varied according to the classification criteria and interpretation of meridian sinew and acupoints distribution. To develop muscle sinew as a more useful theory in diagnosis and treatment, efforts should be made to reduce the gap between study results and build consensus on the anatomical entity of meridian sinew.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2013

Cathepsins are lysosomal/cysteine proteases belong to papain family (C1 family) that is involved in intracellular protein degradation, antigen processing, hormone maturation, and immune responses. In this study, member of cathepsin family was identified from Manila clam (Mc-Cathepsin D) and investigated the immune response against brown ring disease (BRD) causing Vibrio tapetis challenge. The identified Mc-Cathepsin D gene encodes characteristic features typical for the cathepsin family including eukaryotic and viral aspartyl protease signature domain and two highly conserved active sites ($^{84}VVFDTGSSNLWV^{95}$ and $^{270}IADTGTSLLAG^{281}$). Moreover, MC-Cathepsin D shows higher identity values (-50-70%) and conserved amino acids with known cathepsin D members. Transcriptional results (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) showed that Mc-Cathepsin D was expressed at higher levels in gills and hemocytes than mantle, adductor muscle, foot, and siphon. After the V. tapetis challenge under laboratory conditions, Mc-Cathepsin D mRNA was up-regulated in gills and hemocytes. Present study indicates that Mc-Cathepsin D is constitutively expressed in different tissues and potentially inducible when infecting BRD by V. tapetis. It is further suggesting that Mc-Cathepsin D may be involved in multiple role including immune response reactions against BRD.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2013

Background: This study tried to identify the bridge exercise posture for efficient exercise application by comparing muscle activity of buttocks and thighs according to internal-external rotation and pronation & supination in bridge exercise. Method: Nine males in their 20s living in D city were randomly selected as subjects. Muscles such as vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), tensor fasciae latae(TFL), and adductor longus (ADL) were measured using eight channel surface electromyogram (MyoSystem 1400A, Noraxon, USA) to measure muscle activity. Statistics process was performed through paired t test. Results: In the changes in electromyogram signals according to internal-external rotations according to internal-external rotation of shinbones, in most cases muscle activity was higher in external rotation than in internal rotation, but there was no statistical significance (p>.05). In particular, it was lower in TFL and ADL. There was no statistical significance in the comparison between two groups (p>.05). In the changes in electromyogram signals according to internal-external rotations according to pronation & supination of thighs, GMED showed significantly higher value in supination than in pronation (p>.05), and in ADL pronation is significantly higher than supination (p<.05). Conclusion: In internal-external rotation of shinbone and pronation & supination of thighs in bridge exercise, changes in muscle length can make effects on muscle activity of buttocks and thighs. Therefore, muscle strength enforcement program on buttocks and thighs through bridge exercise can make effects on patients with lower limb functional damages in clinical situations.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.238-241
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out the appropriate and systemic insurance charge for the hallux valgus operations. Materials and Methods: 5 Hospitals for hallux valgus operations were analyzed how they have been charging the national health insurance corporation for their operation fees and how to use the estimated guide and authoritive interpretation through the guide book of health insurance medical treatment grant expense and the guide book of Health insurance medical treatment. Results: There are nothing for guiding principle of hallux valgus operations in both books but a guide of Mcbride operation which is approved 'JA-93-KA and JA-31' for operation fee. So majority of hospitals have charged operation fee depending on their own interpretations they like. According to the guide books, there was a authoritive interpretation that simultaneous operation of osteotomy and tendon transfer for cerebral palsy and flat foot can be eatimated as 'osteotomy+JA-93-NA'. Conclusion: Distal soft tissue procedure should be approved as 'JA-93-NAx100%+JA-31x50%' according to the the estimated guide and authoritive interpretation if transected adductor hllucis is transfered to first metatarsal head. So distal chevron osteotomy could be 'JA-30-1-RAx100%+JA-31x50%', proximal metatarsal osteotomy could be 'JA- 93-NAx100%+JA-31-50%+JA-30-1-RAx50%', first metatarsocuneiform joint arthrodesis could be 'JA-93-NAx100%+ JA-31x50%+JA-73-RAx50%'.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2007

Falls associated with tripping over an obstacle can be dangerous, yet little is known about the strategies used for stepping over obstacles in older Parkinson disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower extremity muscle activity on the obstacle gait according to obstacle height in older Parkinson diseases. The obstacle gait of 7 older Parkinson disease was examined during a 5.0 m approach to, and while stepping over, obstacles of 0, 25, 52, and 152mm. Seven pairs of surface electrodes(Noraxon MyoResearch, USA) were attached to the right-hand side of the body to monitor the adductor longus(AL), gluteus medius(GME), gluteus maximus(GMA), biceps femoris(BF), rectus femoris(RF), gastrocnemius(GA), tibialis anterior(TA). Electromyography data were filtered using a 10Hz to 350 Hz Butterworth band-pass digital filter and normalized to the maximum value in the analyzed phases. A one-way ANOVA for repeated measures was employed for selected electromyography variables to analyze the differences of the height of four obstacles. The results showed significant differences between 0.0mm and 25, 52, and 152mm obstacle height in TA and GA activities during the second phase(swing phase). But the more increase obstacle height, the more not increase the muscle activities. This means that the Parkinson disease stepping over obstacle inefficiency. To prevent and reduce the frequency of falls, elderly Parkinson disease maintained and improved their balance, muscular strength, neuromuscular control and mobility.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1987

The denaturation mechanism of the protein during heating of myosin and paramyosin extracted from the ordinary muscle of yellowtail (Seriola qrinqueradits) and the adductor muscle of whelk (Neptunea arthritica cuming) were investigated by analyzing the hydrophobicity, solubility, SH group and protein-protein interaction. The free hydrophobic residue of the two proteins were increased by increase of heating temperature up to $65^{\circ}C$ and then decreased for further temperature raise. The protein-protein interaction was proportional to the increment of the free hydrophobic residue. The aggregation of protein was begun from $65^{\circ}C$ with the decrease of the free hydrophobic residues. The results of Arrhenius equation for the data on proteinprotein interaction showed that the denaturation course was made up with multi-steps in the myosin and two-steps in the paramyosin. The number of free hydrophobic residue and SH group, solubility and protein-protein interaction were significantly differed with the denaturation temperature (p<0.01).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.562-570
• /
• 2014

Background Knee disarticulations (KD) are most commonly employed following trauma or tumor resection but represent less than 2% of all lower extremity amputations performed in the United States annually. KDs provide enhanced proprioception, a long lever arm, preservation of adductor muscle insertion, decreased metabolic cost of ambulation, and an end weight-bearing stump. The role for KDs in the setting of arterial insufficiency or overwhelming infection is less clear. The purpose of this study is to describe technique modifications and report surgical outcomes following KDs at a high-volume Limb Salvage Center. Methods A retrospective study of medical records for all patients who underwent a through-knee amputation performed by the senior author (C.E.A.) between 2004 and 2012 was completed. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic, operative, and postoperative information for each of the patients identified. Results Between 2004 and 2012, 46 through-knee amputations for 41 patients were performed. The mean patient age was 68 and indications for surgery included infection (56%), arterial thrombosis (35%), and trauma (9%). Postoperative complications included superficial cellulitis (13%), soft tissue infection (4%), and flap ischemia (4%) necessitating one case of surgical debridement (4%) and four transfemoral amputations (9%). 9 (22%) patients went on to ambulate. Postoperative ambulation was greatest in the traumatic cohort and for patients less than 50 years of age, P<0.05. Alternatively, diabetes mellitus and infection reduced the likelihood of postoperative ambulation, P<0.01. Conclusions Knee disarticulations are a safe and effective alternative to other lower extremity amputations when clinically feasible. For patient unlikely to ambulate, a through-knee amputation maximizes ease of transfers, promotes mobility by providing a counterbalance, and eliminates the potential for knee flexion contracture with subsequent skin breakdown.