• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Recently a method of constructing architectural products using additive manufacturing technology has been proposed. The additive manufacturing technology automates the construction process and it can secure the safety of workers. In addition, due to the high implementation efficiency of atypical shapes, the applicability to the manufacturing process of buildings and infrastructure is drawing attention. Additive manufacturing technology has the ability of satisfying computer-based construction automation, resource management and construction period prediction which is required in the modern construction industry. However, the industrial application is still limited by insufficient data, standards, regulations, and operating methods. In this study, in order to analyze the applicability of architectural additive manufacturing technology, we manufacture each architectural product with two additive manufacturing systems. In addition, we apply an application of each building product into an appropriate manufacturing system through the AM production decision model. And identify problems in the manufacturing process through empirical experiments. As a result, we propose an extended additive production decision model to improve the quality of building products.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.528-538
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• 2019

The transition from "More-of-Less" markets (economies of scale) to "Less-of-More" markets (economies of scope) is supported by advances of disruptive manufacturing and reconfigurable-supply-chain management technologies. With the prevalence of cyber-physical manufacturing systems, additive manufacturing technology is of great impact on industry, the economy, and society. Traditionally, backbone structures are built via bottom-up manufacturing with either pre-fabricated building blocks such as bricks or with layer-by-layer concrete casting such as climbing form-work casting. In both cases, the design selection is limited by form-work design and cost. Accordingly, the tool-less building of architecture with high design freedom is attractive. In the present study, we review the technological trends of additive manufacturing for construction-scale additive manufacturing in particular. The rapid tooling of patterns or molds and rapid manufacturing of construction parts or whole structures is extensively explored through uncertainties from technology. The future regulation still has drawbacks in the adoption of additive manufacturing in construction industries.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) technology gets attention for various effects in the construction industry. It reveals abilities of process automation, high traceability of resource management, construction period precision improvement, and worker safety. However, unlike the existing construction technology, the development of AM construction process causes trial errors and unpredictable accidents. In the present study, the construction AM process is designed for on-site construction, and it performs with empirical tests. Also, we analyzed the causes of qualitative experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

This study investigated the fundamental properties and shrinkage properties of high performance concrete with water/binder ratio of 0, 30 and with combination of expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent. According to the results, the fluidity of high performance concrete showed lower the using method in combination with expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent than the separately using method of that, so the amount of superplasticizer increased when the adding ratio of expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent increased. However the air content of concrete increased when used in combination with expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent, so the amount of AE agent decreased. The compressive strength showed the highest at 5% of expansive additive, and decreased with an increase of the amount of shrinkage reducing agent. Furthermore, in order to reduce the shrinkage of high performance concrete, it was found that the using method in combination with expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent was more effective than separately using method of that. Autogenous shrinkage was predicted using JCI model. Because JCI model is unable to consider the effect of EA and SRA, correction factor should be added to enhance the accuracy.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate a simulation technology for the AM field based on ANSYS Inc.. The introduction of metal 3D printing AM process, and the examining of the present status of AM process simulation software, and the AM process simulation processor were done in the previous study (part 1). This present study (part 2) examined the use of the AM process simulation processor, presented in Part 1, through direct execution of Topology Optimization, Ansys Workbench, Additive Print and Additive Science. Topology Optimization can optimize additive geometry to reduce mass while maintaining strength for AM products. This can reduce the amount of material required for additive and significantly reduce additive build time. Ansys Workbench and Additive Print simulate the build process in the AM process and optimize various process variables (printing parameters and supporter composition), which will enable the AM to predict the problems that may occur during the build process, and can also be used to predict and correct deformations in geometry. Additive Science can simulate the material to find the material characteristic before the AM process simulation or build-up. This can be done by combining specimen preparation, measurement, and simulation for material measurements to find the exact material characteristics. This study will enable the understanding of the general process of AM simulation more easily. Furthermore, it will be of great help to a reader who wants to experience and appreciate AM simulation for the first time.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 2016

This paper reports on analyzing the free and restrained shrinkage characteristic of ternary grout used cementitious admixture. In this study, the cementitious admixture was used such as fly ash, ziricania silica fume by combination of expansive additive (a, b) and shrinkage reducing agent. And a number of basic performance tests were conducted to investigate bleeding, volume change, fluidity and compressive strength behavior. According to the results, within appropriate mixing ratio, even the fluidity is not influenced by expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent, the resistant properties of bleeding, volume change, shrinkage and compressive strength are increased. Comparing with plain grout, the free shrinkage reduced by a minimum of 29% which specimens are added expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent. The combination of expansive additive a and shrinkage reducing agent is the most effective for reduction of shrinkage. And increasing the mixing ratio of expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent extended cracking time. Nevertheless, combined addition of expansive additive a 2.0% and shrinkage reducing agent 0.50% has best shrinkage reduction behavior and not appeared cracking. From the above, the mixing ratio of 2.0% of expansive additive a and 0.50% of shrinkage reducing agent is high performance ternary grout for PSC bridge.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.620-626
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• 1997

In this study. use if CSA expansive additive for concrete is discussed, particulary applications to partial compacting the concrete structure of spillway gate located in Youngjong new airport construction field. Before the field applications, several basic laboratory test were carried out in order to clarify the material characteristics and to decide mix proportions. As the result the concrete using CSA expansive additive show similar workability and compressive strength to that of OPC concrete. Forethemore, it can be concluded that the use of CSA component is effective to prevent shrinkage crack and to achive volume stabiliy of concrete structure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.257-261
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• 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) applied to the construction industry is implemented and verified for various effects since advantages such as high design freedom, improving worker safety, and predictable construction period. However, due to the low maturity compared to the existing technology, studies are underway to solve new problems that occur in the overall of AM technology. In this paper, we confirm the effect of low construction surface flatness on the stacked features in the process of on-site AM construction. In particular, unstable AM features are determined through quantitative analysis by laser scanning, and a construction strategy is proposed for the surface flattening.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.50-56
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• 2020

Currently, 3D printing technology is a new revolutionary additive manufacturing process that can be used for making three dimensional solid objects from digital films. In 2019, this 3D printing technology spreading vigorously in production parts (57%), bridge production (39%), tooling, fixtures, jigs (37%), repair, and maintenance (38%). The applications of 3D printing are expanding to the defense, aerospace, medical field, and automobile industry. The raw materials are playing a key role in 3D printing. Various additive materials such as plastics, polymers, resins, steel, and metals are used for 3D printing to create a variety of designs. The main advantage of the green cement for 3D printing is to enhance the mechanical properties, and durability to meet the high-quality material using in construction. There are several advantages with 3D printing is a limited waste generation, eco-friendly process, economy, 20 times faster, and less time-consuming. This research article reveals that the role of green cement as an additive material for 3D printing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.147-159
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• 1991

Stochastic convexity(concvity) of a stochastic process is a very useful concept for various stochastic optimization problems. In this study we first establish stochastic convexity of a certain class of Markov additive processes through the probabilistic construction based on the sample path approach. A Markov additive process is obtained by integrating a functional of the underlying Markov process with respect to time, and its stochastic convexity can be utilized to provide efficient methods for optimal design or for optimal operation schedule of a wide range of stochastic systems. We also clarify the conditions for stochatic monotonicity of the Markov process, which is required for stochatic convexity of the Markov additive process. This result shows that stochastic convexity can be used for the analysis of probabilistic models based on birth and death processes, which have very wide application area. Finally we demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the theoretical results by developing efficient methods for the optimal replacement scheduling based on the stochastic convexity property.