• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.367-391
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• 2013

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the external costs of generating electricity from nuclear power plants such as additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs have gained increasing attention from the public, policy-makers and politicians. Consequently, estimates of the external costs of nuclear power are very deliberate issue that is at the center of the controversy in Korea. In this paper, we try to calculate the external costs associated with the safety of the nuclear power plants, particularly focusing on additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs. To estimate the possible accident risk action costs, we adopt the damages expectation approach that is very similar way from the external cost calculation of Japanese government after the Fukushima accident. In addition, to estimate additional safety compliance costs, we apply the levelized cost of generation method. Furthermore, we perform the sensitivity analysis to examine how much these social costs increase the electricity price rate. Estimation results of the additional security measure cost is 0.53Won/kWh ~ 0.80Won/kWh depending on the capacity factor, giving little change on the nuclear power generation cost. The estimates of possible accident risk action costs could be in the wide range depending on the different damages of the nuclear power accident, probability of the severe nuclear power accident and the capacity factor. The preliminary results show that it is 0.0025Won/kWh ~ 26.4188Won/kWh. After including those two external costs on the generation cost of a nuclear power plant, increasing rate of electricity price is 0.001%~10.0563% under the capacity factor from 70% to 90%. This paper tries to examine the external costs of nuclear power plants, so as to include it into the generation cost and the electricity price. This paper suggests one of the methodologies that we might internalize the nuclear power generations' external cost, including it into the internal generation cost.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1689-1693
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• 2003

Communication based train control system is applied regularly worldwide. And this system may be used in domestic soon. Communication based train control system does not depend on conventional track circuit. Therefore, position and distance control of train to prevent collision with leading train may become important safety factor. This paper developed collision avoidance algorithm to control trains of several units efficiently for this. In developing a collision avoidance algorithm, it is desirable to avoid the need for additional system. Additional system restricts the development of the algorithm by limiting the effectiveness of the algorithm to only those areas where the additional system can be afforded and has been installed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

The study examined the relationship between workers' safety awareness, safety performance and the components of the intelligent image analysis system in accordance with preventing the workers from safety hazard in dangerous working area. Based on the safety performance model, we include safety knowledge, safety motivation, safety compliance and safety participation, and we also define three additional factors of the intelligent image analysis system such as functional feature, penalty and incentive by using factor analysis. SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) analyses on the data from the total of 73 workers showed that functional feature of intelligent analysis system and incentive were positively related to safety knowledge and safety motivation. And mediation effects of the relationship were verified to safety compliance and safety participation through safety knowledge as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.777-780
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• 2005

The bench of cut-slope is necessary to stabilizing. But it is possible to be a weak zone in slope. When a small scale failure is occurred in a bench, it influence a large scale failure of slope. So when it is found out any unstable factor, weathering of rock, a direction of joint in a bench, if the bench is reinforced suitably, the holly failure is prevented in cut-slope

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

Smoke is one of the most critical factor when escaping from the fire since it reduces visibility and interrupts finding emergency exit lights. Therefore, it is recommended that an evacuation simulation program should incorporate the smoke factor. In addition, it is suggested that the program should include not only the unilateral damage by the smoke but also the detour evacuation by risk communication. In this study, MAS (Multi Agent System)-based simulation program which incorporates the reduced walking speed by smoke and adopts the dispersion evacuation logic during escaping from the fire. To make comparison, a commercial evacuation program, Pathfinder was used. It was found that the simulation results of MAS (Multi Agent System)-based program is better than Pathfinder in terms of safe evacuation. It means that evacuation simulation need a additional evaluation categories that include not only quick evacuation time but also safe evacuee number.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.677-686
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• 2005

The allowable bearing capacity of a pile, the most important factor in stability estimation, is determined by applying safety factor to the ultimate load or yield load. There are several but contradictory methods available in current design codes to estimate the allowable bearing capacity and the safety factor. This paper analyzes load-settlement curves obtained from 19 static load tests measured from 11 sites. At all tests, the load is applied until apparent failure is observed. The validity of the ultimate and yield load estimation method and load caculated from the settlement criterion is investigated through comparison with the measured data. In addition, a new procedure to estimate allowable load and safety factor is proposed. Additional data from field static load tests, such as those incorporated in this study, are needed to more reliably apply the proposed method in design practice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.403-414
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• 2003

Periodic safety review on Kori Unit 1 has been successfully done for the first time in Korea. 11 safety factors of the review were fully evaluated in accordance with the domestic legal system. Although it is the oldest nuclear power plant in Korea, Kori Unit 1 was found to have maintained good operating conditions and continuously enhanced its safety by implementing post-TMI action plans and other safety issues, such as replacing steam generators and process/control system. It can be therefore confirmed that safe operation of Kori Unit 1 is guaranteed until next periodic safety review. Nevertheless, some corrective action items were recommended to enhance further its safety level, such as equipment qualification, additional ageing management program, strengthening of some procedures related to administration and human factor. The results of PSR can be utilized for the continued operation beyond the design life as long as the plant safety is maintained and improved. Experiences of the PSR on Kori Unit 1 can be also applied to PSR on other plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

In comparison with the existing static reliability analysis methods, the dynamic reliability analysis(DyRA) method is more suitable for estimating the failure probability of a structure subjected to earthquake excitations because it can take into account the frequency characteristics and damping capacity of the structure. However, the DyRA is known to have an issue of numerical stability due to the uncertainty in random sampling of the earthquake excitations. In order to solve this numerical stability issue in the DyRA approach, this study proposed two earthquake-scale factors. The first factor is defined as the ratio of the first earthquake excitation over the maximum value of the remaining excitations, and the second factor is defined as the condition number of the matrix consisting of the earthquake excitations. Then, we have performed parametric studies of two factors on numerical stability of the DyRA method. In illustrative example, it was clearly confirmed that the two factors can be used to verify the numerical stability of the proposed DyRA method. However, there exists a difference between the two factors. The first factor showed some overlapping region between the stable results and the unstable results so that it requires some additional reliability analysis to guarantee the stability of the DyRA method. On the contrary, the second factor clearly distinguished the stable and unstable results of the DyRA method without any overlapping region. Therefore, the second factor can be said to be better than the first factor as the criterion to determine whether or not the proposed DyRA method guarantees its numerical stability. In addition, the accuracy of the numerical analysis results of the proposed DyRA has been verified in comparison with those of the existing first-order reliability method(FORM), Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method and subset simulation method(SSM). The comparative results confirmed that the proposed DyRA method can provide accurate and reliable estimation of the structural failure probability while maintaining the superior numerical efficiency over the existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.587-595
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• 2015

The purpose of this article was to research the difference in additional marketing satisfaction by lifestyle of Korean restaurant customers (focus on foreign students at university in Gangwon province). In this research, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were carried out. Lifestyle was divided into seven factors and six clusters. Additional marketing satisfaction was divided into three factors. Additional marketing satisfaction showed a significant difference by lifestyle of foreign students. First, 'employee' had a highest point at C3 'convenience internet searching pursuit' but lowest point at C4 'brand preference pursuit' (p<0.001). 'Service process' had a highest point at C1 'safety health pursuit' but lowest point at C5 'effort pursuit' (p<0.001). 'Tangible clue' had a highest point at C3 'convenience internet searching pursuit' but lowest point at C5 'effort pursuit' (p<0.001). Additional marketing can reduce customer uncertainty, ambiguities, and wavering about eating at restaurants by intangibility of service. As a result, food-service corporations need to manage additional marketing as well as increase satisfaction and loyalty of customers.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

In order to seek out methods to reduce safety accidents caused by construction machinery and equipment, this study collects data about safety accidents and draws main risk factors by construction from the data, through SNA. It aimed to suggest safety management points to be used in future construction fields, by analyzing risk index of such factors. The finding can be summarized: First, Backhoe Bucket is the risk factor for crash accidents of average workers in earth works; boring machines-maintenance is the risk factor for fall accidents of construction machinery operators in foundation works; bending machine-reinforcing rod processing is the risk factor for jamming accidents of reinforcing rod engineers in frame works; and mobile crane-hook is the risk factor for crash accidents of average workers in lifting works. Second, works can be arranged in turn, according to the risk index: earth, lifting, frame and foundation works. Risk factors can be also arranged according to the risk index: Backhoe in earth works, pile drivers in foundation works, bending machines in frame works and mobile cranes in lifting works. This study has some limits, in that it only analyzed main machinery/equipment, among various kinds of them, for earth, foundation, frame and temporary works (lifting works) and used data collected over three years. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an analysis using big data, by collecting additional data about a lot of machinery/equipment in future construction fields.