• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-187
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• 2011

On March 11, 2011, the Korea National Assembly finally passed the bill on the Damage Relief on the Medical Malpractice and Mediation for Medical Dispute. One of the features of this Act is including "The Subrogation Payment System for Damage (abbreviated SPSD)". This System is that 'Korean Medical Dispute Mediation-Arbitration Board' pays the damages, instead of the health care provider, for the patient who isn't paid damages by the health care provider despite of the Mediation or ruling. The purpose of this study is to search the problems and make improvement on SPSD. This System was introduced extreamly to the patients in order to induce them to the mediation. However,there remains several problems. In this articles, I have examined thoroughly the legal issues on SPSD. There are legal issues about the methods and ratio of the financial burden. In this connection, wide discretionary authority has been granted to administrative agencies specifically. On this account, this System clearly contains elements of a violation against the Constitutional Law. Moreover, this System can be broadly applied to the case of court ruling or the Korea Consumer Agency's mediation. But these measures go against the aim of legislation that the medical dispute can be resolved through the mediation or arbitration by this Act. In the end, these problems must be revised through the additional discussion.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.523-541
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• 2015

Structural health monitoring of steel truss bridge based on changes in modal properties was investigated in this study. Vibration measurements with five sensors were conducted at an existing Warren truss bridge with partial fractures in diagonal members before and after an emergency repair work. Modal properties identified by the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm showed evidences of increases in modal damping due to the damage in diagonal member. In order to understand the dynamic behavior of the bridge and possible mechanism of those increases in modal damping, theoretical modal analysis was conducted with three dimensional frame models. It was found that vibrations of the main truss could be coupled internally with local vibrations of diagonal members and the degree of coupling could change with structural changes in diagonal members. Additional vibration measurements with fifteen sensors were then conducted so as to understand the consistency of those theoretical findings with the actual dynamic behavior. Modal properties experimentally identified showed that the damping change caused by the damage in diagonal member described above could have occurred in a diagonal-coupled mode. The results in this study imply that damages in diagonal members could be detected from changes in modal damping of diagonal-coupled modes.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.849-868
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• 2014

An indirect approach is explored for structural health bridge monitoring allowing for wide, yet cost-effective, bridge stock coverage. The detection capability of the approach is tested in a laboratory setting for three different reversible proxy types of damage scenarios: changes in the support conditions (rotational restraint), additional damping, and an added mass at the midspan. A set of frequency features is used in conjunction with a support vector machine classifier on data measured from a passing vehicle at the wheel and suspension levels, and directly from the bridge structure for comparison. For each type of damage, four levels of severity were explored. The results show that for each damage type, the classification accuracy based on data measured from the passing vehicle is, on average, as good as or better than the classification accuracy based on data measured from the bridge. Classification accuracy showed a steady trend for low (1-1.75 m/s) and high vehicle speeds (2-2.75 m/s), with a decrease of about 7% for the latter. These results show promise towards a highly mobile structural health bridge monitoring system for wide and cost-effective bridge stock coverage.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

Current seismic fragility functions for buildings were developed by defining damage state threshold based on story drift concerning foreign references and using the capacity spectrum method based on spectral displacement. In this study, insufficient details and dependence on the core location of piloti-type buildings were not reflected in the fragility function because it was developed before the Pohang earthquake. In order to develop an improved one for piloti-type buildings, several types of core were selected, damage state threshold was determined based on the capacity of structural members, and three-dimensional analyses were utilized. As a result, seismic fragility functions based on spectral acceleration were developed for various core locations and different shear strengths of the column stirrup. The fragility of piloti-type buildings significantly varied according to core location, an additional single wall, and whether the contribution of column stirrup was included or not. To estimate fragility more reasonably, it is necessary to prepare the parameters to reflect actual state well.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

In this paper low-velocity impact response and damage of composite laminates is analytically investigated. A modified displacement field of plate considering initially loaded in-plane strain is proposed. From the displacement field a finite element equation on structural behavior of composite laminate is newly induced and a computational program is coded. Numerical results using the FEM code is compared with the numerical ones from reference. Additional numerical analysis is performed on another impact condition and effect of initial in-plane load is reviewed. Potential delamination damage area in the first inter-ply surface from bottom of laminate is approximated and effect of initial in-plane load and impact condition is also reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2015

In early 2011, the Fukushima nuclear power plant had greater damage due to earthquake in Japan, and the awareness of safety has increased. In particular, special response systems should be required to handle disaster situations in plant sites which are likely to occur for large disasters. In this study, a program is designed to set up optimum escape routes, by a smart phone application, when a disaster situation occurs. This program could get information of the cumulative damage from sensors and display the escape route of the smallest damage in real-time on the screen. Utilizing our application in real-time evacuation has advantage in reducing cumulative damage. The optimal evacuation route, focusing on horizontal path, is calculated based on getting the data of fire, detected radioactivity and hazardous gas. Thus, using our application provides information of optimal evacuation to people who even can not hear sensor alarms or do not know geography, without requiring additional costs except fixed sensors or server network deployment cost. As a result, being informed of real-time escape route, the user could behave rapidly with suitable response to individual situation resulting in improved evacuation than simply reacting to existing warning alarms.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.171-191
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• 2024

Wind Driven Rain (WDR) poses a significant threat to the building environment, especially in hurricane prone regions by causing interior and content damage during tropical storms and hurricanes. The damage due to rain intrusion depends on the total amount of water that enters the building; however, owing to the use of inadequate empirical methods, the amount of water intrusion is difficult to estimate accurately. Hence, the need to achieve full-scale testing capable of realistically simulating rain intrusion is widely recognized. This paper presents results of a full-scale experimental simulation at the NHERI Wall of Wind Experimental Facility (WOW EF) aimed at obtaining realistic rain characteristics as experienced by structures during tropical storms and hurricanes. A full-scale simulation of rain in strong winds would allow testing WDR intrusion through typical building components. A study of rain intrusion through a sliding glass door is presented, which accounted for the effects of multiple wind directions, test durations and wind speeds; configurations with and without shuttering systems were also considered. The study showed that significant levels of water intrusion can occur during conditions well below current design levels. The knowledge gained through this work may enhance risk modeling pertaining to loss estimates due to WDR intrusion in buildings, and it may help quantify the potential reduction of losses due to the additional protection from shuttering systems on sliding glass doors during winds.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.209-214
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• 2018

In this paper, we recognize the damage caused by a disaster to a facility in the event of a large-scale disaster and present the possible disasters in the form of a matrix. The typhoon was selected as a major disaster and covered mainly the flood damage, a possible damage caused by the typhoon. Flood damage is mainly caused by flooding, and damage is determined by flooding and flow rate, and the results of applying this to low-rise facilities are derived. In addition, the results were derived by applying a method of classification of disaster types in a matrix format to make it easy to see at a glance the connection between disasters caused by damage to a facility. Continuing research in the form presented in this paper will help us identify additional disasters as an occurrence of a disaster.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2017

One of the purposes of Information Technology (IT) is to support human response to natural and social problems such as natural disasters and spread of disease, and to improve the quality of human life. Recent climate change has happened worldwide, natural disasters threaten the quality of life, and human safety is no longer guaranteed. IT must be able to support tasks related to disaster response, and more importantly, it should be used to predict and minimize future damage. In South Korea, the data related to the damage is checked out by each local government and then federal government aggregates it. This data is included in disaster reports that the federal government discloses by disaster case, but it is difficult to obtain raw data of the damage even for research purposes. In order to obtain data, information extraction may be applied to disaster reports. In the field of information extraction, most of the extraction targets are web documents, commercial reports, SNS text, and so on. There is little research on information extraction for government disaster reports. They are mostly text, but the structure of each sentence is very different from that of news articles and commercial reports. The features of the government disaster report should be carefully considered. In this paper, information extraction method for South Korea government reports in the word format is presented. This method is based on patterns and dictionaries and provides some additional ideas for tokenizing the damage representation of the text. The experiment result is F1 score of 80.2 on the test set. This is close to cutting-edge information extraction performance before applying the recent deep learning algorithms.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2000

A damage detection and assessment algorithm is developed by measuring accelerations at limited locations of a structure under forced vibrations. The developed algorithm applies a time-domain system identification (SI) method that identifies a structure by solving a linearly constrained nonlinear optimization problem for optimal structural parameters. An equation error of the dynamic equilibrium of motion is minimized to estimate optimal parameters. An adaptive parameter grouping scheme is applied to localize damaged members with sparse measured accelerations. Damage is assessed in a statistical manner by applying a time-windowing technique to the measured time history of acceleration. Displacements and velocities at the measured degrees of freedom (DOF) are computed by integrating the measured accelerations. The displacements at the unmeasured DOF are estimated as additional unknowns to the unknown structural parameters, and the corresponding velocities and accelerations we computed by a numerical differentiation. A numerical simulation study with a truss structure is carried out to examine the efficiency of the algorithm. A data perturbation scheme is applied to determine the thresholds lot damage indices and to compute the damage possibility of each member.