• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.871-879
• /
• 2020

Perceptual Ad-Blocking is a new advertising blocking technique that detects online advertising by using an artificial intelligence-based advertising image classification model. A recent study has shown that these Perceptual Ad-Blocking models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks using adversarial examples to add noise to images that cause them to be misclassified. In this paper, we prove that existing perceptual Ad-Blocking technique has a weakness for several adversarial example and that Defense-GAN and MagNet who performed well for MNIST dataset and CIFAR-10 dataset are good to advertising dataset. Through this, using Defense-GAN and MagNet techniques, it presents a robust new advertising image classification model for adversarial attacks. According to the results of experiments using various existing adversarial attack techniques, the techniques proposed in this paper were able to secure the accuracy and performance through the robust image classification techniques, and furthermore, they were able to defend a certain level against white-box attacks by attackers who knew the details of defense techniques.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.1288-1308
• /
• 2017

When looking at the online copyright infringement, the advertisements have served as a revenue source. Recently, copyright holders and state agencies have requested to stop and withdraw posting the ad. in order to prevent copyright infringement. This way is very easy and efficient. However, the problem is that it is not clear whether the request is appropriate. For the request to be valid, posting the ad. should be a kind of indirect infringement, or if not, it must have a suitable reason. If there is no basis or reason for the two, the request should not be asked recklessly. In the US relevant cases, something more than simple relationship with direct infringers or more material contribution to the direct infringement is required to impose secondary liability for copyright infringement. However, just posting the ad. cannot be considered as the close relationship and moreover, it is not material contribution. Thus, posting the ad. is not secondarily liable for copyright infringement. In addition, the bills which was proposed in 2011, so called SOPA and PIPA, had a provision which can stop and withdraw the ads in the piracy sites. Its opponents raised the following problems: withdrawing the ad. is the censorship, gives the burdensome to the sites, and causes the imbalance due to the overload protection of copyright. Also, under the ad blocker case, to remove the ad. discretionally consists of illegal activity or copyright infringement. As a result, because the request to stop and withdraw posting the ad. is not reasonable, the request should be asked carefully.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.483-491
• /
• 2019

Cordycepin exerts neuroprotective effects against excitotoxic neuronal death. However, its direct electrophysiological evidence in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of cordycepin against the excitotoxic neuronal insult in AD using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. ${\beta}$-Amyloid ($A{\beta}$) and ibotenic acid (IBO)-induced injury model in cultured hippocampal neurons was used for the purpose. The results revealed that cordycepin significantly delayed $A{\beta}$ + IBO-induced excessive neuronal membrane depolarization. It increased the onset time/latency, extended the duration, and reduced the slope in both slow and rapid depolarization. Additionally, cordycepin reversed the neuronal hyperactivity in $A{\beta}$ + IBO-induced evoked action potential (AP) firing, including increase in repetitive firing frequency, shortening of evoked AP latency, decrease in the amplitude of fast afterhyperpolarization, and increase in membrane depolarization. Further, the suppressive effect of cordycepin against $A{\beta}$ + IBO-induced excessive neuronal membrane depolarization and neuronal hyperactivity was blocked by DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, an adenosine $A_1$ receptor-specific blocker). Collectively, these results revealed the suppressive effect of cordycepin against the $A{\beta}$ + IBO-induced excitotoxic neuronal insult by attenuating excessive neuronal activity and membrane depolarization, and the mechanism through the activation of $A_1R$ is strongly recommended, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of cordycepin in AD.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2020

Nadolol is a β-blocker drug, which effectively manages hypertension and angina pectoris. Its chemical structure allows the formation of four possible stereoisomers. A coupled column high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system with UV and fluorescence detection was investigated for simultaneously determining four nadolol enantiomers in human plasma. The plasma samples were prepared using a convenient liquid-liquid extraction process and passed through HPLC. Nadolol was initially separated from the endogenous compounds or other impurities in human plasma on a Phenomenex silica column, and its enantiomers were resolved and determined on a Chirapak AD-H column. The developed HPLC method achieved an effective chiral separation and significantly eliminated endogenous compound interference. This optimal HPLC method was validated following FDA guidelines. The results showed good selectivity, linearity, accuracy (90.50 % - 105.27 %), and precision (RSDs < 9.52 %) for each enantiomer. This method was also successfully applied to determine nadolol enantiomers in the plasma samples of a healthy male volunteer (after orally administering 80 mg racemic nadolol), proving its suitability for nadolol stereoselective pharmacokinetic studies.

• Annals of dermatology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.676-687
• /
• 2018

Background: Rosacea is associated with chronic systemic disease. However, research is lacking in Asian countries. Objective: To evaluate the association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related systemic comorbidities, and the use of antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic drugs in Korea. Methods: A five-year retrospective study, using hospital database, was conducted in five medical centers for five years. Totally 1,399,528 patients were evaluated. Results: The overall frequency for diagnosed rosacea was 0.18% over five years (2,536 rosacea patients). Patients with diabetes and patients with dyslipidemia were more likely to have rosacea (odd ratio [OR] 2.724, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.295~5.730, p=0.016; OR 1.788, 95% CI 1.445~2.212, p<0.001). Patients with CVD were less likely to have rosacea (OR 0.431, 95% CI 0.244~0.760, p=0.003). Patients with ${\alpha}$-blocker prescriptions and patients with ${\beta}$-blocker prescriptions showed a tendency diagnosed with rosacea frequently (OR 1.963, 95% CI 1.200~3.212, p=0.006; OR 3.939, 95% CI 3.512~4.419, p<0.001). Patients with [beta]-hydroxy-[beta]-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, and those with fibrate, were prone to have rosacea (OR 1.599, 95% CI 1.390~1.839, p<0.001; OR 1.660, 95% CI 1.056~2.609, p=0.026). As adjusted results, among the patients who took HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor without dyslipidemia, rosacea was less likely to be diagnosed (OR 0.780, 95% CI 0.620~0.982, p=0.034). Conclusion: Rosacea is associated with chronic diseases and drugs.