• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.425-433
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• 2004

Background : Induction of oral tolerance (OT) has been known to prevent allergic inflammation in acute asthma model within 4 weeks. However it is remained whether induction of OT may effectively prevent allergic inflammation in chronic asthma model over 4 weeks. We observed the effect of induction of OT on allergic inflammation and airway remodeling in chronic asthma model up to 8 weeks. Methods : 5-week-old female BALB/c mice divided into 4 groups-control group, asthma group, low dose OT group, and high dose OT group. To induce oral tolerance mice were fed ovalbumin (OVA) before sensitization with OVA and aluminum hydroxide-1 mg for 6 consecutive days in the low dose OT group and 25 mg once in the high dose OT group. Mice in the asthma group were fed phosphate buffered saline instead of OVA. After sensitization followed by repeated challenge with aerosolized 1% OVA during 6 weeks, enhanced pause (Penh), inflammatory cells, IL-13, and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum were measured. In addition the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were observed from lung tissues by PAS and Masson's trichrome stain. Results : Both OT groups showed a significant decrease in Penh, inflammatory cells, IL-13, and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in BAL fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum compared with the asthma group (P<0.05). In addition, the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were significantly attenuated in both OT groups compared with the asthma group (P<0.01). Conclusion : These results suggest that induction of OT may effectively prevent allergic inflammation as well as airway remodeling even in chronic asthma model up to 8 weeks.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.5
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• pp.219-222
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• 2014

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a very rare condition that is defined as the presence of gas within the subserosal or submucosal layer of the bowel. PI has been described in association with a variety of conditions including gastrointestinal tract disorders, pulmonary diseases, connective tissue disorders, organ transplantation, leukemia, and various immunodeficiency states. We report a rare case of a 74-year-old woman who complained of dyspnea during the management of acute asthma exacerbation and developed PI; but, it improved without any treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2010

The causes for airway obstruction include foreign body aspiration, congenital structural abnormalities of the airway, infection, etc. And the potential causes of acute respiratory distress contain many situations, like hyperventilation, vasodepressor syncope, asthma, etc. A major factor that leads to the exacerbation of respiratory disorders is undue stress, either physiologic or psychologic. Psychologic stress in dentistry is the primary factor in the exacerbation of preexisting medical problems. Adequate pretreatment medical and dental evaluation of the prospective patient can often prevent respiratory problems from developing. The dentist can modify patient management to minimize the risk of exacerbating these conditions. When dental anxiety is a major factor, the use of psychosedative procedures and other stress-reduction techniques should also be considered. This is the report of a children case of airway obstruction and respiratory distress owing to sedation complication by use of Chloral hydrate and Ketamine before extraction of the mesiodens in a patient with bronchial asthma and tonsillar hyperplasia. After these situations, the patient was consulted & referred to the department of Pediatrics and Otorhinolaryngology.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.26
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• pp.11.1-11.6
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• 2011

Objects: The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades globally. The objective of the present study is to elucidate whether hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status interact for bronchial hyperreactivity during teenage years. Method: We studied 522 children age 13-14 years attending schools in rural and urban areas to investigate the risk factors for bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), defined as a provocation concentration of methacholine that causes a decrease of 20% ($PC_{20}$) in forced expiratory volume within 1 second. Clinical examination, skin prick test, spirometry, and methacholine challenge were performed on all study subjects, who provided written consent. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the risk factors for BHR, and analyze the interaction between hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status. Results: Forty-six (10.3%) positive BHR cases were identified. In the multivariate logistic analysis, as independent predictors of BHR, adjusted odds ratio of bronchiolitis diagnosed before 2 years of age in low income families was 13.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 135.0), compared to reference group, controlling for age, gender, parental allergy history, skin prick test, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. Interaction was observed between bronchiolitis before 2 years old and low socioeconomic status on children's bronchial hyperreactivity (p-interaction=0.025). Conclusions: This study showed that bronchiolitis diagnosed before 2 years of age and low socioeconomic status interacted on children's bronchial hyperreactivity. Prevention of acute respiratory infection in early childhood in low socioeconomic status is important to prevent BHR as a precursor of asthma.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2007

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of "Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler" water extract was tested in Xylene-Application mouse ear acute inflammation model. The test articles were once dosed before Xylene-Application, and the changes on body weight and ear weights and histopathological observation of induced ear were conducted with ear histomorphometry. The obtained results were as follows. The increases of absolute and relative ear weight detected in vehicle control compared to that of sham, were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler in the present study. A classic acute inflammatory histological changes such as subcutaneous edema, thickness and infiltration of inflammatory cells, was detected in vehicle control. However, these histological changes were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler. In addition, the increases of ear thickness half and thickness full detected in the vehicle control were also dose-dependently decreased in the all Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler-dosing groups. Base on these results, it is concluded that Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler extracts has clear anti-inflammatory effect on the acute inflammation such as bronchial asthma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.487-491
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• 2008

Purpose : Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection can cause wheezing in non-asthmatic children, the mechanisms of this symptom remain unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, and is also known to be elevated in cases of chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma. We hypothesized that VEGF may increase in children with acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia and wheezing. Methods : Nine patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia were enlisted from children admitted to Korea University Hospital. They had had more than one episode of wheezing during the illness, which was confirmed by a physician; they comprised the wheezer group. The individuals with M. pneumoniae pneumonia without wheezing were 63 in number, and they comprised the non-wheezer group. Patients with a history of asthma or who had received asthma medications were excluded. Serum concentrations of VEGF, total IgE, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were measured. Results : The serum VEGF concentrations were higher in the wheezer group ($mean{\pm}SD$; $650.2{\pm}417.9pg/mL$) than in the non-wheezer group ($376.5{\pm}356.2pg/mL$, P=0.049). M. pneumoniae antibody (1:1,380 vs. 1:596, P=0.048) and serum total IgE (591.8 IU/mL vs. 162.2 IU/mL, P=0.032) were higher in the wheezer group than in the non-wheezer group. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of serum ECP concentration or blood eosinophil count. Conclusion : In the presence of wheezing, serum VEGF concentrations were higher in the children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. This finding suggests that VEGF may associate with wheeze-related symptoms in children with acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.515-520
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• 2005

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) has been described as an idiopathic febrile illness with a duration of less than seven days with severe hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates, and no history of asthma. It has been reported that AEP is associated with smoking. Although the pathogenesis of smoking induced AEP is being actively studied, there is no direct histological evidence that smoking actually induces AEP. Recently, we encountered a case of AEP that may have been caused by smoking. We performed a cigarette smoking challenge test to verify that smoking was indeed the cause of AEP in this patient. Smoking induced an increase the proportion of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid without any respiratory symptoms or abnormal radiological findings. This result suggests that smoking was the cause of AEP in this patient.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2015

Thromboxane A2 receptors (TXA2-R) are the G protein coupled receptors localized on cell membranes and intracellular structures and play pathophysiological role in various thrombosis/hemostasis, modulation of the immune response, acute myocardial infarction, inflammatory lung disease, hypertension and nephrotic disease. TXA2 receptor antagonists have been evaluated as potential therapeutic agents for asthma, thrombosis and hypertension. The role of TXA2 in wide spectrum of diseases makes this as an important drug target. Hence in the present study, homology modeling of TXA2 receptor was performed using the crystal structure of squid rhodopsin and night blindness causing G90D rhodopsin. 20 models were generated using single and multiple templates based approaches and the best model was selected based on the validation result. We found that multiple template based approach have given better accuracy. The generated structures can be used in future for further binding site and docking analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.618-624
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• 2009

The extract of Platycodi radix has long been used as an anti-inflammatory traditional medicine in Korea for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma and acute respiratory disease. In this study, the anti-inflammatory actions of the methanol extract of Platycodi radix administered via oral administration were evaluated. The results revealed that the extracts exhibited potent anti-inflammatory action. Of the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, the butanol fraction had the most potent anti-inflammatory action. Additioinally the sapogenin obtained through acid hydrolysis of the butanol fraction did not show anti-inflammatory action. These findings confirm the value of Platycodi radix as a traditional Korean medicine.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Paradoxical vocal cord movement is a series of paroxysmal adduction of the anterior two-thirds of the vocal cords during respiration or during phonation. The choking, stridor, and wheezing in this condition occur primarily on inhalation, rather than on exhalation. The two pathognomonic diagnostic criterias that need to be assessed during an acute presentation are laryngoscopy with direct visualization of paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords and pulmonary function testing. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review of 3 patients who were referred to otolaryngologist from pulmonology department, and were confirmed by typical laryngoscopic findings with paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords was conducted. Results The patients were misdiagnosed as exercised-induced asthma, and unresponsive to corticosteroid and bronchodilators. Improvement was achieved only by diagnosis with paradoxial vocal cord movement. Biofeed back therapy, voice therapy, treatment for reflux laryngitis improved symptoms. Conclusion The etiology of paradoxical vocal cord movement is unknown. It may be functional or emotional. The functional factors that were proposed are neurologic deficit and gastroesophageal reflux. Management methods of this condition consist of psychological counselling, voice therapy, and antireflux medication.