• Title/Summary/Keyword: Acute Poisoning

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16 Cases of Anti-obesity Drug Intoxication Experienced in 4 Emergency Departments (4개 응급센터에 내원한 비만치료제 중독 환자들의 다양한 임상양상 경험: 16례)

  • Han, Sung Hoon;So, Byung Hak;Jung, Won Joong;Kim, Hyung Min
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: In Korea, few studies have examined the acute toxicity of anti-obesity drugs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the general characteristics and clinical aspect of acute anti-obesity drug intoxication. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients admitted to the emergency department after anti-obesity drug intoxication between March, 2004 and February, 2012. The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographic data, toxicologic history, time elapsed to presentation, clinical symptoms and signs, treatment, and outcome. Results: There were a total of 18 anti-obesity intoxication cases during the study period; of 16 which were included in our study. The purchasing route of the anti-obesity drug was mainly through a doctor's prescription (68.8%), however, some were obtained through the internet and the pharmacies. The mean time to The most commonly ingested antiobesity drug was sibutramine (31.3%) and many of the cases (62.5%) were multi-drug ingestions. The most common clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms (94%), but, CNS symptoms (75%) and cardiovascular symptoms (75%) were almost equally present. 13 patients (81%) were discharged after clearance of toxic symptoms and signs with a mean observational period of 7.0 hours. 3 patients were admitted for observation and treatment; of which 1 patient died due to fatal complications. Conclusion: Most anti-obesity intoxications show mild toxicity and a nonfatal clinical course. However, the recent trend toward prescribing psychostimulant anti-obesity medication, which can be fatal after an acute overdose, calls physicians' attention to treating of anti-obesity intoxications.

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The Clinical Characteristics for Emergency Endotracheal Intubation in Acute Drug Intoxication (급성 약물중독 환자의 응급 기관내 삽관에서 임상적 특성)

  • Han, Eol;Chung, Hyun Soo;Park, Yoo Seok;You, Je Sung;Joo, Youngseon;Kong, Taeyoung;Park, Incheol;Chung, Sung phil
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics in emergency endotracheal intubation between patients with acute drug intoxication and medical disease. Methods: Data for airway registry collected in two emergency departments (ED) between April 2006 and March 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. The airway registry data included patient's demographic information and variables such as Cormack-Lehane grade, 3-3-2 finger analysis, success rate, the number of attempts at intubation, complications of intubation, and clinical outcomes after intubation. Results: A total of 1480 patients were enrolled; 62 patients were classified as belonging to the intubation group after the drug intoxication group. No significant differences in Cormack-Lehane grade, 3-3-2 finger analysis, success rate, the number of attempts at intubation, and complications after intubation were observed between patients with acute drug intoxication and medical disease. However, significant difference was observed for indication of emergency endotracheal intubation. While emergency endotracheal intubations were usually performed in medical patients because of failure of airway patency, they were performed in intoxicated patients with the goal of preventing serious complications. Conclusion: Anatomical structures related to endotracheal intubation, the process and clinical outcome of intoxicated patients are not significantly different from those for medical patients.

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Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Dithiocarbamate for Rescue of cis-[$Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2$] Nephrotoxicity in Rats and Growth of Bacillus subtilis (흰쥐의 cis-[$Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2$ 신장독성 회복과 Bacillus subtilis의 증식을 위한 디티오카바메이트의 합성, 성질 및 응용)

  • 이우식;김찬우;김인식;김창수
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1994
  • Dithiocarbamates containing polar groups which give very water soluble metal complexes were prepared from the reaction of carbon disulfide with diamines. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and spectroscopic results. Dithiocarbamate and its complex were soluble in water. N, N-Dimethylammoniumpropylenedithiocarbamate(A) is clearly effective as inhibition of cis-platinum nephrotoxicity in rats. From the result of A rescue after cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) treatment, it is suggested that dithiocarbamate removes platinum(II) coordinated to -SH groups bound to protein of kidney tubule cells by the reaction of platinum(II) with dithiocarbamate injected. A is effective as antidots for acute cadmium poisoning in Bacillus subtills. Growth of Bacillus subtills may be accelerated by A ligand dissociated from cadmium (II)-A complex.

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The Effect of Butane gas on Rat Cholinesterase and Lactatedehydrogenase (Butane gas가 흰쥐 혈청과 조직의 Lactatedehydrogenase 및 Cholinesterase에 미치는 영향)

  • 윤수홍;박은주;조수열;최현태
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.6 no.3_4
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 1991
  • Acute poisoning with organic solvents and other volatile compounds now usually follows deliberate inhalation (volatile substance abuse) or ingestion of these compounds. The effect of butane gas inhalation was analyzed for serum, liver, brain, lung and muscle. And the observations are revealed on rat cholinesterase activity, lactatedehydrogenase activity and electrophoretic pattern of lactatedehydrogenase isozyme. The results are as follows: 1. The rat cholinesterase activity on serum, liver and muscle show the decreased by increasing of inhalation time of butane gas in particular the lung cholinesterase activity was greatly affected. 2. Butane gas inhalation brought out the lactatedehydrogenase activity increased of the serum and the tissues and had an important effect especially in both the liver and muscle 1actatedehydrogenase activities. 3. Each tissue was found to have a characteristic distribution of lactatedehy-drogenase isozymes on celluloseacetate electrophoresis and the development of inhalation time is shown the disappearance and diffusion of band. The toxicity of butane gas inhalation was most prominence in the liver and lung toxicity was occurred also.

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Indoxacarb Pesticide Poisoning with Methemoglobinemia (메트헤모글로빈혈증을 보인 indoxacarb 중독 1례)

  • Shin, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Jae-Kwang;Park, Seong-Soo;Na, Sang-Jun;Park, Joon-Seok
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.158-160
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    • 2006
  • Acute methemoglobinemia is induced by various causes, especially ingestion of oxidizing agents such as phenazopyridine, dapsone, and nitrite. Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide with high insecticidal activity and low mammalian toxicity. It is known to block voltage-gated Na+ channels in insects and mammals, but the mechanism is not yet well understood. We describe a case of a 41-year-old woman with methemoglobinemia that developed following Indoxacarb ingestion, which improved after intravenous injection of methylene blue. This is the first known such case. If signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia occur after Indoxacarb ingestion, antidotal therapy with methylene blue should be considered as a necessary treatment.

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Lidocaine Intoxication: Two Fatal Cases

  • Lee, Sang-Ki;Lee, Soo-Yeun;In, Sang-Whan;Choi, Hwa-Kyung;Lim, Mi-Ae;Chung, Kyu-Hyuck;Chung, Hee-Sun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.317-320
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    • 2003
  • We present two fatal cases, a 41-year-old male (case 1) and his 8-year-old daughter (case 2), resulting from acute lidocaine poisoning. Lidocaine was quantified by gas chromatography (GC) analysis using nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The lidocaine concentrations of cases 1 and 2 were: liver, 27.7 $\mu$ g/g and 24.9 $\mu$g/g; spleen, 70.1 $\mu$g/g and 29.9 $\mu$g/g; and gastric contents, 23.6 $\mu$g/g and 42.8 $\mu$g/g, respectively.

Death after Ingestion of MCPP -A Case Report- (MCPP 음독 후 발생한 사망 1례)

  • So Byung Hak;Lee Won Jae;Shim Byoung Yong;Kim Hoon-Kyo;Kim Chi Hong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.45-47
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    • 2005
  • MCPP (2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid; mecoprop), a hormonal weedkiller has been widely used. Although chronic exposure is generally considered to be mildly toxic to man, acute intoxication can be severe and should thus be taken seriously. We report the case of a patient who died after ingestion of MCPP. A 64-year-old man ingested about 400 ml of $50\%$ MCPP solution. He was stuporous and had an inadequate respiration. He had an hypotension which did not respond to vasopressors and died about twelve hours after ingestion.

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EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF A POISONOUS MUSHROOM, AMANITA PANTHERINA ON MICE AND ASSAY OF TOXIC ISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • Yoshio Yamaura;Chang, Il-Moo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 1988
  • In order to elucidate the mechanism of toxic action of a pisonous mushroom, Amanita pantherina, biochemical effects of the mushroom extracts on mice were studied. A hotwater extract of Amanita pantherina injected intraperitoneally into male ICR mice evoked signs similar to those observed clinically upon acute poisoning by the mushroom and also changed the levels of component enzyme activities in blood, liver and urine. The serum cholinesterase activity was decreased significantly during 1-3 h after injection.

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Multiple Cranial Neuropathy with and Polyradiculoneuropathy as a Delayed Sequelae after of Ethylene Glycol Intoxication (에틸린 글리콜 중독 이후 나타난 지연성 다발성 뇌신경병 및 다발신경뿌리신경병)

  • Kim, Min-Soo;Kim, Sun-Young;Kwon, Jee-Hyun;Kim, Wook-Joo;Jung, Hyun-Chul
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.63-67
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    • 2013
  • Multiple cranial and peripheral neuropathies as a delayed sequellae of ethylene glycol poisoning is a less well known clinical entity and its information about long-term electrophysiological and clinical outcomes is limited. We report a 45-year-old male who presented with acute renal failure and subsequently developed multiple cranial neuropathy, respiratory failure, and flaccid tetraparesis. Through sequential electrophysiological studies, we would like suggest that the main pathophysiology of ethylene glycol-related neuropathy is a demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with secondary axonal degeneration.

A Case of Seizure in Diphenhydramine Overdose (디펜히드라민 음독 후 경기를 주소로 응급센터에 내원한 환자 1례)

  • Park, Jung-Soo;Kim, Hoon;Lee, Suk-Woo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.23-25
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    • 2009
  • A 21-year-old woman ingested 1,250 mg of diphenhydramine in a single overdose. Diphenhydramine, a rare ingredient in over-the-counter medication, is used to treat insomnia in Korea. Toxicity is usually limited to anticholinergic symptoms. The standard approach to therapy for the treatment of diphenhydramine overdose is supportive care, including physostigmines and sodium bicarbonates. Here, we review the literature and for the first time report a case of acute diphenhydramine overdosage in Korea, complicated with seizures.

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