• Title/Summary/Keyword: Acute toxicity

Search Result 1,229, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Acute and subacute toxicity studies of GX-12, a DNA vaccine for the treatment of HIV infection, in SD rats

  • Park, Seul-Min;Kang, Kyung-Koo;Sohn, Yong-Sung;Kim, Mi-Ju;Baik, Dae-Hyun;Ahn, Byung-Ok;Kim, Won-Bae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
    • /
    • 2002.11b
    • /
    • pp.157-157
    • /
    • 2002
  • The toxicity of GX-12, a naked DNA vaccine developed by research team of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In single-dose intramuscular/oral acute toxicity studies, animals were treated 0, 250, 1000 or 4000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/$m\ell$ in sodium phosphate buffer.(omitted)

  • PDF

Honeybee Acute and Residual Toxicity of Pesticides Registered for Strawberry (딸기용 농약의 꿀벌에 대한 급성독성 및 엽상잔류독성)

  • Kim, Byung-Seok;Park, Yoen-Ki;Lee, Yong-Hoon;Joeng, Mi-Hye;You, Are-Sun;Yang, Yu-Jung;Kim, Jin-Bae;Kwon, Oh-Kyung;Ahn, Young-Joon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.12 no.3
    • /
    • pp.229-235
    • /
    • 2008
  • Lack of honey bee toxicity data for most pesticide products used for strawberry restricts to predict the adverse effects to foraging honey bee after treatment of pesticide in plastic house. This study was conducted to evaluate the actual risk of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) through acute contact toxicity test, acute oral toxicity test and toxicity of residues on foliage test with 21 pesticide products. The mortality of honeybee sprayed with 6 pesticides including dichlofluanid WP showed significantly different from control at recommended application rate in acute contact toxicity test at 24 hours after treatment. Fenpropathrin EC and milbemectin EC treatment groups showed more than 25% mortalities at recommended application rate in acute oral toxicity test. In toxicity of residues on foliage test, only fenpropathrin EC treatment group showed more than 25% mortalities at 10 days after treatment at recommended application rate. It was concluded that the most toxic route to exposure for honey bee is direct contact exposure to sprayed pesticides. Safety interval for honey bee was established by concerning the results of these tests.

Acute Oral Toxicity of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Beagle Dogs (비글개에 대한 Paecilomyces sinclairii의 급성 경구독성에 관한 연구)

  • 안미영;강세찬;정나진;구현정;곽승준;유은정;정진아;고진경;류강선
    • Toxicological Research
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.241-245
    • /
    • 2003
  • The acute toxicity of Paecilomyces sinclairii was tested in beagle dogs. We daily examined clinical signs, body weights, and hematological/biochemical examinations for 14 days after administration of Paecilomyces sinclairii with different dose levels (0, 0.4, 2 and 10 g/kg). There were no clinical signs and no significant changes in hematological and biochemical analysis. These results showed that Paecilomyces sinclairii did not induce any remarkable acute toxic response and the $LD_{50}$ was greater than 10 g/kg in beagle dogs.

Pharmacological Studies on Forsythiae Fructus (연교(連翹)추출물의 일반(一般) 약리작용(藥理作用))

  • Lee, Eun-Bang;Keum, Hye-Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
    • /
    • v.19 no.4
    • /
    • pp.262-269
    • /
    • 1988
  • The Forsythiae fructus is described to be used as an antiinflammatory drug, diuretics, antidotes and antibacterials in oriental literatures. In order to investigate the efficacy of Forsythiae viridissima (Oleaceae), the methanol extract and its fraction have been evaluated for the acute toxicity, antiinflammatory, analgesic and spasmolytic action in animals. The methanol extract of Forsythiae fructus was found to have significant antiinflammatory activity in the acute and subacute antiinflammatory model in rats, but have no analgesic action. Furthermore, through fractionation procedure, it was found that the active compounds were easily soluble in chloroform and butanol. It is also noted that the extracts had spasmolytic activities in the rat fundus and uterus and had low acute toxicity in mice.

  • PDF

Acute Toxicity Study of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin(rHu-EPO) in Rats (랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHu-EPO의 급성정맥독성시험)

  • 곽승준;김형식;임소영;천선아;홍채영;박현선;김원배;김병문;안병옥
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
    • /
    • v.4 no.4
    • /
    • pp.330-333
    • /
    • 1996
  • Acute intravenous toxicities of rHu-EPO (recombinant human erythropoietin) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven days after administration of rHu-EPO, we examined the clinical signs, mortalities, body weight and etc. No clinical signs and mortalities of toxicity were observed in animals. Also, a significant change of body weights was not observed. These results suggest that LD$_{50}$ value was >25,000 unit/ kg in Sprague-Dawley rats and the acute intravenous toxicities of rHu-EPO were not significant.t.

  • PDF

Acute Toxicity Study on Mud chrysanthemum Indicum in Mice (마우스에서 황토국화 추출물의 급성독성 연구)

  • Ma, Jin-Yeul;Park, Hwa-Yong;Choi, Han;Zee, Ok-Pyo;Lee, Jae-Hoon
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.81-85
    • /
    • 2008
  • Objectives : The aim of this study is to collect data for toxicity and safety of Mud chrysanthemum indicum. Methods : In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity for buthanol-extracted Mud schrysanthemum indicum, 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14days after one day oral administration of Mud chrysanthemum indicum at the respective doses of 0(control group), 1024, 1280, 1600 and 2000mg/kg. Results : We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. No abnormality was found for all cases. Conclusions : The data confirmed that Mud chrysanthemum indicum is free from, the toxicity and safety problems. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (1024, 1280, 1600 and 2000mg/kg), In conclusion, LD50 of Mud chrysanthemum indicum was over 2000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

  • PDF

Size-dependent toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Glyptotendipes tokunagai

  • Choi, Seona;Kim, Soyoun;Bae, Yeon-Jae;Park, June-Woo;Jung, Jinho
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    • /
    • v.30
    • /
    • pp.3.1-3.6
    • /
    • 2015
  • Objectives This study aims to evaluate the size-dependent toxicity of spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to an endemic benthic organism, Glyptotendipes tokunagai. Methods Ag nanoparticles of three nominal sizes (50, 100, and 150 nm) capped with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-Ag NPs) were used. Their physicochemical properties, acute toxicity (48 hours), and bioaccumulation were measured using third instar larvae of G. tokunagai. Results The aggregation and dissolution of PVP-Ag NPs increased with exposure time and concentration, respectively, particularly for 50 nm PVP-Ag NPs. However, the dissolved concentration of Ag ions was not significant compared with the median lethal concentration value for $AgNO_3$ (3.51 mg/L). The acute toxicity of PVP-Ag NPs was highest for the smallest particles (50 nm), whereas bioaccumulation was greatest for the largest particles (150 nm). However, larger PVP-Ag NPs were absorbed and excreted rapidly, resulting in shorter stays in G. tokunagai than the smaller ones. Conclusions The size of PVP-Ag NPs significantly affects their acute toxicity to G. tokunagai. In particular, smaller PVP-Ag NPs have a higher solubility and stay longer in the body of G. tokunagai, resulting in higher toxicity than larger PVP-Ag NPs.

A Study on Developing Safety and Health Information Database of Pesticide Ingredients Used in Korea (국내 유통되는 농약 유효성분에 대한 안전보건정보 데이터베이스 구축)

  • Lim, Kyong-Che;Choi, Sang-Jun
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
    • /
    • v.12 no.3
    • /
    • pp.27-35
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this study, we have developed the database of safety and health information for pesticide active ingredients used in Korea. There were 1,283 pesticide items among which 296 were found to be out of use in current. A total of 349 pesticide ingredients were being used in Korea. The database consists of 32 types of information including chemical characteristics, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity (carcinogenic and reproductive toxicity), specific symptoms by exposure route and first aid. When pesticide ingredients were assessed in terms of key properties such as color, odor, acute toxicity, carcinogenic and reproductive toxicity, they were white, colorless and odorless, in general. When ingredients were classified by category of acute toxicity, 'Non-hazardous' represented 29%, followed by 'Slightly hazardous' at 16%, 'Moderately hazardous' at 14%, 'Highly hazardous' at 5%, and 'Extremely hazardous' at 2%. 85 out of 349, or 24% of ingredients were found to be possibly carcinogenic to human. This database is expected to provide an easy access for farmers, agriculture supervisors, researchers and consumers, and it can ultimately be used as basic data on farmer's safety and health.

Toxicity Evaluation of Perfluorinated Compounds Using Daphnia magna (Daphnia magna를 이용한 과불화화합물의 독성평가)

  • Kim, Kyung-Tae;Cho, Jae-Gu;Yoon, Jun-Heon;Lee, Chul-Woo;Choi, Kyung-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Mi;Ryu, Ji-Sung
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.153-159
    • /
    • 2010
  • Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the principal chemicals known as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs). Despite the widespread use of these compounds, relatively little is known about their fate and effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA on Daphnia magna. In the acute toxicity test, D. magna were exposed for 48 hours at concentrations of 0, 30, 45, 67.5, 101.25 and 151.88 mg/L PFOS, and 0, 100, 160, 225, 337.5 and 506.25 mg/L PFOA, respectively. In the case of chronic toxicity test, D. magna were exposed through water for 21 days at concentrations of 0, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L PFOS, and 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L PFOA, respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed on the basis of immobility, while chronic toxicity was assessed on the basis of fecundity. The acute toxicity test on PFOS and PFOA showed that the values of $EC_{50}$ were 50.90 mg/L and 253.47 mg/L, respectively. In the chronic test, fecundity was reduced significantly at 1.5 mg/L of PFOS and 10 mg/L of PFOA, respectively. These results indicated that PFOS is more toxic to zooplankton than PFOA, and both chemicals have some hazard demonstrates risk for acute or chronic toxicity to freshwater organism.

Rapid Bioassay Technique Based on Temperature Control of Ceriodaphnia dubia (Ceriodaphnia dubia의 온도조절에 근거한 단기급성독성 조사법)

  • PARK Jong Ho;LEE Sang Ill;CHO Young Oak;LEE Won Ho;YEON Ik Jun;CHO Kyu Seok
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.37 no.3
    • /
    • pp.209-214
    • /
    • 2004
  • A method for rapid acute toxicity test based on temperature control of Ceriodaphnia dubia has been developed and evaluated. A new toxicity test based on temperature control (TTBTC) which are based on temperature control, was developed and compared for the adsorption of the better methodology for short-term toxicity screening. Initially, daphnid larval are exposed to toxicants and at the same time the temperature of the water bath containing media is increased to high temperature $(35.5^{\circ}C).$ After 1.25 hrs of contact time, the number of the daphnids, either living (no toxic effect) or dead (toxic effect), is counted by the naked eyes. Effect of exposure time on test sensitivity was not significantly different between 1 to 1.5 hr. Comparison of the rapid 1.25 hr acute toxicity test developed in this study and the standard 48 hr acute toxicity test using heavy metals, cyanide and pentachlorophenol indicated that the 1.25 hour test provides an acceptable level of sensitivity in toxicity test for C. dubia.