• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.32-42
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• 2013

As the smartphone market grows, the needs for its new business model are also increased. However, most previous researches on smartphone applications focused on Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) and Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory so that there was lack of researches on characteristics for actual smartphone users. In this research, we divided the smartphone applications into five category functions (Call & Text/Music & Video/Information Search/Game/Social Network Service (SNS)). We analyzed characteristic differences of users who used the each application category and found that the differences were statistically significant in both demographic and smartphone usage characteristics (frequency of downloading applications, and download experience of paid applications). Additionally, the smartphone usage characteristic is closely related to the usage duration. The representative result is that the characteristics of people used Music & Video function actively were women in their 20s who downloaded applications more than three times per week, and had a download experience of paid applications. It is positive result for players in the application markets, because it means the users are willing to pay for downloading the paid applications. However, large companies already occupied most of the market share in music applications so that small and medium-sized players should develop an innovative and distinguishable business model in order to success. We believe this research result would provide significant implications for the players in planning the successful business model and developing an user-specific application product.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the current state of distribution terminology usage by retailers and consumers nationwide, and to suggest a practical improvement plan for its standardization. The Korean distribution industry is closely related to consumers' daily lives. However, in reality, there exists a gap among producers, distributors, and consumers in terms of the definition, understanding, and perception of the terminology. Therefore, standardizing this terminology is essential for more smooth communication. This paper suggests the necessity of committing overall research and survey activities to the actual conditions of using Korean distribution terminology by organizations and their respective management situations, and further, the necessity of probing the problem and its measures in line with the objective and mission of the "Fundamental Law of the Korean Language." Research design, data, and methodology - This study's scope is limited to wholesale and retail including some information systems. First, the study covers most written material including lexicons and glossary of distribution terminology, university textbooks and teaching material for national certificate of qualification, and related laws and ordinances. Second, the survey covers retailers' management situations by store format. The retailers used as the sample for the survey include department stores, discount stores, SSM, and convenience stores. Altogether, 20 specialists were interviewed in their respective sectors or retail formats. Finally, the project team surveyed a sample of 1,300 consumers nationwide on 50 distribution terms mainly used by consumers, including those about awareness, understanding, usage, and attitude. Results - In total, 1,249 terms are drawn through literature research including distribution terminology used in the related literature, glossary and lexicons, distribution terminology in textbooks, and legal terminology. A classified table comprises four large categories including general distribution, distribution marketing, distribution information, and merchandise. The results of the three-step research including literature survey, field survey of retailers, and consumer survey were advised to be screened by academia (retail associations, faculty etc.), retailers (major retail management by store format), retail specialists and consultants, consumers, and Korean linguists. In total, 1,300 questionnaires for 50 terms of the distribution terminology closely associated with consumers were distributed to subjects nationwide. Conclusions - The desired and expected results from this study are summarized from three perspectives as follows: First, from retailers' perspective, a new concept, or coinage of new terms of the distribution industry stems from advanced countries such as America and Europe. However, the original meaning and definition are diluted and distorted with changes in the language users' situations and context. This study provides basic guidelines for standardization of distribution terms used among various retail formats in most daily life situations that consumers encounter. Second, from the nation's perspective, this study suggests optimal choices of distribution terminology in the context of laws and ordinances regarding concerned Ministries. Last, from the consumers' perspective, this paper enables consumers to understand and use distribution terms properly in their daily life.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2020

Continuous and accurate instrument of river water usage is needed for sustainable river water management. Although the instrument methods applicable to each point of use of river water are different, more precise direct instrument methods are required at the point of major open channel. Users of river water should select appropriate direct instrument methods to measure usage, but there is a lack of standards and verification research. In this study, the H-Q rating curve method, ultrasonic method, and microwave method were applied directly to the test basin in the upper basin of Mangyeong river, and the accuracy of measurement data was evaluated by comparing absolute error between discharge data calculated by instrument method. When comparing the calculated discharge of point units, the ultrasonic method showed the best results of the actual measurement. Through continuous instrument, the sum of the daily and monthly units was compared, and the ultrasonic and microwave methods were shown to be highly accurate. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that the appropriate direct measurement method can be selected according to the importance of the river water use facility, considering that the ultrasonic method and the microwave method are relatively costly compared to the water level-flow relationship method.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.205-225
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• 2023

The Study is to investigate information resources recognition of collection development policy that is a key element of Gwangju representative library. 68 Librarians, 98 library users and 20 libraries responded the questions of information resources. The fields of the questions are media, subjects and levels of information resources. The results of the research are as follows. First, the correlation coefficients between librarian group's preference and need is lower than that of the user group. Second, information resources for the knowledge-disadvantaged has low preference and need but the actual usage rate was high. Third, Librarians need to transfer historical paper and books, historical objects, technical reports and journal articles to the representative library. Fourth, information resources about philosophy have middle preference, low need and the resources have low need for transfer to representative library. Fifth, local historical resources and administrative policy resources has low usage rate high need for transfer to representative library. Sixth, the level of public library in Gwangju is 1.837 and the expectative level of Gwangju representative library is 3.325.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 1990

This study was intended to investigate actual conditions and problems relating to a variety of substance which have been used by students. A Questionnaire survey was carried out with the subject of 2411 students in an academic boys' high school, academic girls' high school, technical boys' high school and technical girls' high school in Pusan, from the 15th day to 29th day of March, 1989. The summarized results were as follows. There was not a remarkable difference in distribution of these subjects in boys' & girls' high school. The common and good health condition of subjects accounted for 90 percent or higher. 24.4 percent of them also had smoking experience, 11.6 percent of which continues to smoking. The understanding rate of these substances name other than sedative, psychostimulants and antihypnotic accounted for 90 percent or higher. The experience rate taking these substances for one year showed that anodyne, digestive and nutritive tonic accounted for 70 percent, antihypnotic for 15.6 percent, sedative for 1.4 percent, respectively, and psychostimulants for 0.5 percent. Moreover. it was shown that drugs accounted for 1.5 percent, bond for 1.4 percent, and thinner for 0.5 percent. The rate of the daily experiencers who took anodyne, digestive, nutritive tonic, sedatives, and psychostimulants and so on was 7.7 percent, 6.2 percent, 5.2 percent, 5.9 percent, and 5.0 percent respectively. This fact implied that there was a serious problem in high school students' non - narcotic abuse. The usage rate of these substances for treatment purpose showed that anodyme accounted for 90 percent or higher, and digestive for 70-80 percent, respectively, where girl students showed higher rate than one of boy students. Additionally, there was higher the usage rate for other purposes. The usage rate of drugs was highest when these students felt melancholy and curiousity. Their obtaining place appeared that these students mainly obtained these drugs, bonds and thinners from a small shop or peddler and their friend while they usually obtained other substance from the pharmacy and medical institute. The first usage time of these substances appeared during the middle school (the age of 14-15) which was the highest rate. The smoker of all subjects used remarkly large substances as compared with one of no-smoker. Particularly, it appeared that the usage of drugs was very closely related to smoking. The large number of students did not use these substances for oesrable purposes even though they understood the name of these substances. For this reason, from primasy schools it is required to teach the students dependence and harmful effects caused by these substances abuse. Moreover, it was shown that these students firstly used these substances during the middle school (the age of 14-15)due to curiosity. As a result, it is very urgent to give the students health education suitabale for prevention of these substance abuse, when considering harmful effects of these substances. And so health education for no-smoking. Finally, considering that it is very easy to obtain these substances from a small shop and pharmacy, the regulation of these substances control should be considered and completed in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

Today, as AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology develops and its practicality increases, it is widely used in various application fields in real life. At this time, the AI model is basically learned based on various statistical properties of the learning data and then distributed to the system, but unexpected changes in the data in a rapidly changing data situation cause a decrease in the model's performance. In particular, as it becomes important to find drift signals of deployed models in order to respond to new and unknown attacks that are constantly created in the security field, the need for lifecycle management of the entire model is gradually emerging. In general, it can be detected through performance changes in the model's accuracy and error rate (loss), but there are limitations in the usage environment in that an actual label for the model prediction result is required, and the detection of the point where the actual drift occurs is uncertain. there is. This is because the model's error rate is greatly influenced by various external environmental factors, model selection and parameter settings, and new input data, so it is necessary to precisely determine when actual drift in the data occurs based only on the corresponding value. There are limits to this. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to detect when actual drift occurs through an Anomaly analysis technique based on XAI (eXplainable Artificial Intelligence). As a result of testing a classification model that detects DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm), anomaly scores were extracted through the SHAP(Shapley Additive exPlanations) Value of the data after distribution, and as a result, it was confirmed that efficient drift point detection was possible.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2012

Recently the usage of bicycle has increased steeply in Korea owing to traffic culture of well- being. In a car to bicycle accident investigation, the throw distance of bicycle is very important factor for reconstructing of the accident. The variables that influence on the throw distance of bicycle can be classified into the factors of vehicle and bicycle. Simulations and collision tests in actual car to bicycle accident were executed for obtaining throw distance of bicycle. The simulations were done by PC-$CRASH^{TM}$ and for actual crash tests sand bags were used for the behavior of bicyclist instead of dummy. Factors considered were vehicle velocity and the moving angles of bicycle, also the types of bicycle and vehicle were fairy cycle and automobile, respectively. From the results, the throw distances of a head-on tire collision of $0^{\circ}$ direction was longer than that of tire crash test of $45^{\circ}$ direction, and the throw distances of a head -on frame crash test of $90^{\circ}$ direction was longer than that of frame crash test of $45^{\circ}$ direction. In addition restitution coefficient between vehicle and bicycle was estimated as about 0.1 with based on actual crash tests. Finally the increaser vehicle velocity the longer the throw distances of bicycle, and the results of simulation were relatively good agreement to the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.3 s.70
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• pp.325-332
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• 2004

Cross sections of steel-plate girder bridges are divided into three cross sections of non-composite, partially composite, and fully composite sections, according to their composite characteristics. The Korean provision for the partially and fully composite sections specifies general usage of the stud of shear connectors, whereas the one for the non-composite section specifies empirical usage of slab anchors. However, the actual behavior of the cross sections of steel-plate girder bridges using slab anchors is close not to the non-composite action, but to the partially composite action. Therefore analytical and experimental studies on partial composites of steel-plate girder bridges using slab anchors are performed in this study. Intial stiffness of the slab anchor is obtained by the experimental study for the first time, and the composite characteristic of simple-span and two-span continuous steel-plate girder bridges is investigated by the finite element analyses for the second time. Based on the obtained initial stiffness, the reduction effect of tensile stresses in the concrete-slab on the intermediate support of the continuous bridge is also considered herein.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.87-94
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• 2017

The broadcast service environment is changed to the complicated equipment configuration of the server and network-based for the advanced technology application and various service providings. The broadcasting market is growing rapidly by the development of broadcasting environment. But as to the domestic production broadcasting equipment industry, the satisfaction of request of the consumer and market competitive power is showing the limit due to the development of the single focused on goods and sale. This research gathered the opinion of the broadcasting technology experts and investigated the reality of usage of the domestic device in the broadcasting system. And according to the investigation result we discovers the hybrid system model that synergy can come out in which the domestic device more than 2 combines out and there is the purpose.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.164-177
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• 2020

This study aims to compare the experience of selected countries in operating separate payment system for new healthcare technology and to find implications for price setting in Korea. We analyzed the related reports, papers, laws, regulations, and related agencies' online materials from five selected countries including the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, and France. Each country has its own additional payment system for new technologies: transitional pass-through payment and new technology ambulatory payment classification for outpatient care and new technology add-on payment for inpatient care (USA), an extra payment for materials with new functions or new treatment (C1, C2; Japan), an additional payment system for new special treatment materials (Taiwan), a short-term extra funding for new diagnosis and treatment (NUB; Germany), and list of additional payments for new medical devices (France). The technology should be proven safe and effective in order to get approval for an additional payment. The price is determined by considering the actual cost of providing the technology and the cost of existing similar technologies listed in the benefits package. The revision cycle of the additional payment is 1 to 4 years. The cost or usage is monitored during that period and then integrated into the existing fee schedule or removed from the list. We conclude that it is important to set the explicit criteria to select services eligible for additional payment, to collect and analyze data to assess eligibility and to set the payment, to monitor the usage or cost, and to make follow-up measures in price setting for new health technologies in Korea.