• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2020

The standard for the cost calculation in the field of domestic construction engineering can be largely divided into the construction cost ratio method and the actual cost addition method. However, the standard for calculating the cost of the construction cost ratio method is a trend to switch to the actual cost addition method due to limitations such as not reflecting the characteristics of the construction. Therefore, this study aims to derive implications by investigating and analyzing examples of cost standards in the field of overseas construction engineering, such as the United States, and deriving directions for improvement in domestic cost standards in the future.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to improve the calculation method of the software operation pricing proposed by the software business price calculation guide from 'input manpower method' to 'rate calculation method'. The software operation pricing of the input manpower method is not objectively calculated in the domestic IT outsourcing situation where the statistical data based on the activity based estimating is insufficient and it is decided by agreement between the owner and the client. In addition, there was no standard for adjusting the productivity according to the characteristics of the operation service. In order to improve this, an operational correction factor item that can affect the software operation productivity was selected based on foreign and domestic standards, and it was confirmed through the first questionnaire to IT operation managers. In order to determine the level of difficulty of the fixed operational correction factors, the operational correction factor using AHP technique was confirmed through a second questionnaire for pairwise comparison. The operational difficulty calculation table was developed with reference to COCOMO and ITIL standards. Finally, we propose a new pricing scheme that reflects the operating rate. Regression analysis was carried out by collecting the data of the domestic public institutions on the estimated cost and the actual cost calculated from the new rate method software operation pricing. The results of the regression analysis show that the estimated cost and the actual cost are related to each other. Mean magnitude of relative error(MMRE) and PRED[25] analysis were added for accuracy analysis. MMRE and PRED also showed satisfactory results, confirming the possibility of replacing the rate method software operation pricing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2020

This paper estimates the optimum level of reserves in Vietnam based on the approach of reserves' cost-benefit and sovereign risk which is one of developing countries' characteristics. The cost of reserves is the opportunity cost when holding reserves. The benefit of reserves is the loss due to country's default in case that there is no reserves to finance external debt payment. The optimum reserves is found out by minimizing the total of opportunity cost and loss due to country's default with the probability of default. Through the usage of HP Filter method for calculating the loss due to country's default, ARDL regression for the risk premium model and lending rate of VND as proxy for opportunity cost together with the Vietnamese economic data in the period of 2005 - 2017, the empirical results show that the optimum reserves in Vietnam is almost higher than the actual reserves during the research period except the point of Q3/2008 and the last point of research period - Q4/2017. Therefore, Vietnam should continue to increase reserves for safety but Vietnam does not need pushing quickly the speed of increasing reserves. In addition, controlling Vietnamese optimum reserves is necessary to help the actual reserves become reasonable.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to contribute to the development of monitoring technology through the increase of confidence in construction monitoring by deriving the analysis of construction monitoring cost and improvement measures of railway tunnel construction in Seoul. Method: It presents the status on design and contract of construction monitoring cost, status on application construction monitoring cost and its analysis, analysis on safety management cost and quality management cost, expansion of application of the price calculation standard for monitoring management services to improve this, and monitoring for direct order of ordering organization. Results: If the monitoring management service that was meanwhile ordered as included in the construction work is performed by the directly selected company of ordering organization through the preliminary screening for bidding qualification, then the improvement of monitoring quality and the accurate monitoring data can be secured. Conclusion: For the price calculation standard for monitoring management service, the application of actual cost addition method under the Engineering Promotion Act and the calculation standard of monitoring management cost for standard estimation for ground survey should be extended through the direct order of ordering organization, not the method to be included in the net construction cost where it is performed by a subcontractor via contractor.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.154-163
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• 2022

Background: The costliness index (CI) is an index that is used in various ways to improve the quality of medical care and the management of appropriate treatment in medical institutions. However, the current calculation method for CI has a limitation in reflecting the actual medical cost of the patient unit because the outpatient and inpatient costs are evaluated separately. It is desirable to calculate the CI by integrating the medical cost into the episode unit. Methods: We developed an episode-based CI method using the episode classification system of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to the National Inpatient Sample data in Korea, which can integrate the admission and ambulatory care cost to episode unit. Additionally, we compared our new method with the previous method. Results: In some episodes, the correlation between previous and episode-based CI was low, and the proportion of outpatient treatment costs in total cost and readmission rates are high. As a result of regression analysis, it is possible that the level of total medical costs of the patient unit in low volume medical institute and rural area has been underestimated. Conclusion: High proportion of outpatient treatment cost in total medical cost means that some medical institutions may have provided medical services in the ambulatory care that are ancillary to inpatient treatment. In addition, a high readmission rate indicates insufficient treatment service for inpatients, which means that previous CI may not accurately reflect actual patient-based treatment costs. Therefore, an integrated patient-unit classification system which can be used as a more effective CI indicator is needed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2022

The costliness index (CI) is an index that is used in various ways to improve the quality of medical care and the management of appropriate treatment in medical institutions. However, the current calculation method for CI has a limitation in reflecting the actual medical cost of the patient unit because the outpatient and inpatient costs are evaluated separately. It is desirable to calculate the CI by integrating the medical cost into the episode unit. We developed an episode-based CI method using the episode classification system of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to the National Inpatient Sample data in Korea, which can integrate the admission and ambulatory care cost to episode unit. Additionally, we compared our new method with the previous method. In some episodes, the correlation between previous and episode-based CI was low, and the proportion of outpatient treatment costs in total cost and readmission rates are high. As a result of regression analysis, it is possible that the level of total medical costs of the patient unit in low volume medical institute and rural area has been underestimated. High proportion of outpatient treatment cost in total medical cost means that some medical institutions may have provided medical services in the ambulatory care that are ancillary to inpatient treatment. In addition, a high readmission rate indicates insufficient treatment service for inpatients, which means that previous CI may not accurately reflect actual patient-based treatment costs. Therefore, an integrated patient-unit classification system which can be used as a more effective CI indicator is needed.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.167-176
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• 2011

Punctuality is one of the key performance indicators of the airline industry and an important service differentiator especially for valuable customers. In addition, improvement on time performance can help achieve cost saving, i.e. the cost of airline report, which could range from 0.6% to 2.9% of their operating revenues. Therefore efficient management of punctuality is crucial for the industry. This study overcomes the limitations of existing analyses on punctuality and develops a multi-dimensional model for airport punctuality analysis. In addition to analysis of airport punctuality, visual analysis is also proposed in the study. Data was collected from actual flight data of Incheon International Airport. Using the new visual analysis method, the study discovered the pattern of the punctuality that has never studied before.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.159-166
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• 2006

It was found that Korean Standard of Estimate which has been used as the only basis of cost estimate of public construction projects had some side effects such as jerry-build construction and over-estimation because it failed to reflect the current price and the state-of-the-art construction methods in a changing construction environment. Therefore, the government decided to gradually introduce historical construction cost into cost estimate of public construction projects from 2004. This paper presents analytic criteria and a process model for deducing more current and reasonable historical construction cost for contract items from not only previous contract prices but also all of the other bid prices that were not contracted. The procedure of estimating actual unit cost proposed in this paper focuses on the removal of abnormal values including strategically too low or high prices and the time correction. In addition, basic research is conducted for the correction of actual unit cost through the analysis of fluctuation of bid price depending on bidding types and rates of successful bid. It is anticipated that the effective use of the proposed process model for estimating actual unit cost would make the cost estimation more current and reasonable.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1540-1547
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• 2009

Steel frame factories were surveyed in this study in order to explore the possibility of shortening the construction time and save on construction cost through overlapping at the stages of design or construction. In the survey, construction professionals were interviewed in order to collect quantitative data. Hypotheses were then formulated, and the data was thereby analyzed using the simulation technique in order to analyze the effects of the concurrent engineering method on shorter construction time and cost saving. In addition, actual cases were analyzed to determine the overlapping rates of major processes in terms of shorter construction time and cost saving and to analyze the relationship between time and cost due to overlapping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.254-255
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• 2021

The urban renewal type redevelopment project is a project to improve the urban environment for the recovery of urban functions and revitalization of commercial districts in commercial and industrial areas. Urban regeneration projects are not progressing smoothly. The urban renewal type is not so for landowners, who require a high level of professional knowledge and experience to carry out smooth projects. In addition, the core part of business conflicts can be seen as the problem of management and disposal methods. Therefore, as landowners, etc. become the actual subjects, the public will take charge of project execution, but all development gains and losses will be attributed to the owner of the land, etc.