• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.3-6
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• 2001

In common globular proteins, the native form is n its most stable state. However, the native form of inhibitory serpins (serine protease inhibitors) and some viral membrane fusion proteins is in a metastable state. Metastability in these proteins is critical to their biological functions. Our previous studies revealed that unusual interactions, such as side-chain overpacking, buried polar groups, surface hydrophobic pockets, ad internal cavities are the structural basis of the native metastability. To understand the mechanism by which these structural defects regulate protein functions, cavity-filling mutations of $\alpha$1-antitrypsin, a prototype serpin, were characterized. Increasing conformational stability is correlated with decreasing inhibitory activity. Moreover, the activity loss appears to correlate with the decrease in the rate of the conformational switch during complex formation with a target protease. We also increased the stability of $\alpha$1-antitrypsin greatly via combining various stabilizing single amino acid substitutions that were distributed throughout the molecule. The results showed that a substantial increase of stability, over 13 kcal/mol, affected the inhibitory activity with a correlation of 11% activity loss per kcal/mol. The results strongly suggest that the native metastability of proteins is indeed a structural design that regulates protein functions and that the native strain of $\alpha$1-antitrypsin distributed throughout the molecule regulates the inhibitory function in a concerted manner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-6
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• 2001

In common globular proteins, the native form is in its most stable state. However, the native form of inhibitory serpins (serine protease inhibitors) and some viral membrane fusion proteins is in a metastable state. Metastability in these Proteins is critical to their biological functions. Our previous studies revealed that unusual interactions, such as side-chain overpacking, buried polar groups, surface hydrophobic pockets, and internal cavities are the structural basis of the native metastability. To understand the mechanism by which these structural defects regulate protein functions, cavity-filling mutations of ${\alpha}$1-antitrypsin, a prototype serpin, were characterized. Increasing conformational stability is correlated with decreasing inhibitory activity. Moreover, the activity loss appears to correlate with the decrease in the rate of the conformational switch during complex formation with a target protease. We also increased the stability of ${\alpha}$1-antitrypsin greatly via combining various stabilizing single amino acid substitutions that were distributed throughout the molecule. The results showed that a substantial increase of stability, over 13 kcal/mol, affected the inhibitory activity with a correlation of 11% activity loss per kcal/mol. The results strongly suggest that the native metastability of proteins is indeed a structural design that regulates protein functions and that the native strain of e 1-antitrypsin distributed throughout the molecule regulates the inhibitory function in a concerted manner.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate any visible difference in shoulder stability muscle activity along the bending angle($70^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$) to perform the open kinetic chain(OKC) and closed kinetic chain(CKC) exercise. Method: This study was performed on normal 20 males subjects. Exercise was carried out in two ways OKC and CKC. Shoulder stability muscles are examined activity in the bending angles. In the OKC and CKC exercise to subjects with stretched out waist straightened, and than push forward the shoulder. Muscular activation was examined using the WEMG-8. Result: The results of this study were as follows. 1. Only in the trapezius muscle, it showed specific interaction between exercise methods and angles. When it comes to muscle activity, there was no significant difference in all muscles except for the anterior fibers of the deltoid muscle during both CKC and OKC exercise. 2. The average value of maximum muscle activity was significantly increased with increasing order of angles. But in CKC exercise, the muscle activity of infraspinatus tended to decrease with increasing angles. Conclusion: To summarize the research results, the muscle activity in upper fibers of the trapezius, anterior fibers of the deltoid, and serratus anterior was significantly different depending on the angle of the shoulder in both CKC and OKC exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of clothing coloring and type of pants/skirt as clothing cues on impression of college female students. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. Thirty two color pictures of various combinations of colors for shirt, and colors and type of pants/skirt were manipulated on computer drawing. For visual evaluation of women's casual wears about colors and type, 7-point scales were designed. The subjects consist of 192 female and male undergraduate students in Chinju city. The results of this study can be summaried as follow: As analyzing the impression of female figure by the color of shirt and the color and type of pants/skirt, five factors including appearance valuation, concentration of attention, clearness, stability, and activity were found to be important. Color of shirt have significant effects on appearance valuation, concentration of attention, clearness, stability, and activity. Color of pants and shirt also have significant effects on all five factors. Especially, they strongest predictors for stability and activity. Type of pants/skirt significantly effects on concentration of attention and activity. In the effects of interactions between each variable, the combination of pants colors and type of pants/skirt had significant effects on appearance valuation, stability factors. Also shirt and pants colors had an significant effects on appearance valuation, stability, and activity. But in the impression formation of concentration of attention and clearness, only the combination of shirt colors and pants forms was more significant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1036-1039
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• 2002

The effect of germination on phytase activity in wheat NEAU123, triticale5305 and rye2 was studied in the present study. Germination significantly increased phytase activity by 2.04 times for wheat NEAU123 (3 d), 1.82 times for triticale 5305 (1 d) and 2.45 times for rye2 (1 d), respectively. It was safe for phytase in fresh malts kilned for 2 h at $40^{\circ}C$. Phytase in cereal seeds had strong heat stability. There was no loss of phytase activity in cereal seeds heated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, a little loss (${\leq}$5.46%) at $80^{\circ}C$ or $90^{\circ}C$. Even heated at $100^{\circ}C$, the phytase activity in wheat NEAU123, triticale5305 and rye2 remained 89.47%, 86.44% and 104.64%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2011

Various herbal medicinal extracts were examined for the development of cosmetic products with anti-oxidative and anti-wrinkle activity. First, total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of herbal medicinal extracts were measured. Most herbal samples, except for DW extracts of Portulaca oleracea, Caesalpinia sappan, Taraxacum platycarpum, Carthamus tinctorius, and 70% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Carthamus tinctorius, showed DPPH radical scavenging activity over 80% at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. SOD-like antioxidant activity of DW extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, DW extracts of Eriobtrya japonica and 70% EtOH extracts of Sophora japonica was measured as 40%, 35% and 80%, respectively at a dry matter concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In elastase inhibition assay, DW extracts of Lycium chinense ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) showed 50% and 40% of inhibition, respectively. At a concentration of $1.250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, DW extracts of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu showed 10% and 30% of collagenase inhibition, respectively. Skin and lotion samples were prepared using the two herbal extracts of high anti-wrinkle activity: Lycium chinense extract and Areca catechu extract. The storage stability of skin and lotion containing each of the selected herbal extracts was evaluated. pH and viscosity were used as stability indicators for the stability test under different storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The skin and lotion containing each of DW extract of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu was showed high pH and viscosity stability. The skin and lotion containing DW extracts of Lycium chinense showed relatively higher stability than the skin and lotion containing 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu, at cycle chamber and freeze-thaw conditions. In summary, these results indicated that cosmetics containing DW extract of Lycium chinense were relatively stable, and this herbal extract could be used as a stable functional cosmetic material.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.505-514
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activation in trunk and low-limbs muscle during squat exercise on various instability surface. 10 subject performed squat with 75% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on a stable floor, stability blue, stability black and BOSU. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured trunk muscle such as rectus abdomina (RA), external obliques (EO), internal obliques (IO), multifidus (MF), and low-limbs muscle such as gluteus maximus (GMA), gluteus medius (GME), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateral oblique (VLO), medialis gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL) and anterior tibia (AT) when ascending and descending squat phase. One-way ANOVA repeated measure with Sheffe used to compare the muscle activity on the stable and unstable surface. Squat with BOSU ball induces higher muscle activity of IO, MF, GMA and GME compared with stability and stability blue and blackduring descending motion. Squat with BOSU ball induces higher muscle activity of GMA compared with stability and stability blue and blackduring ascending motion. This results suggested that BOSU ball in the squat could be effective increasing of trunk stability and gluteal muscle activity. However, there was no difference of squat on low-limb muscle with or without instability.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2006

In this study, we have purified and characterized the membrane bound nitrate reductase obtained from the denitrifying bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi SY509, which was isolated from soil samples. O. anthropi SY509 can grow in minimal medium using nitrate as a nitrogen source. We achieved an overall purification rate of 15-fold from the protein extracted from the membrane fraction, with a recovery of approximately 12% of activity. The enzyme exhibited its highest level of activity at pH 5.5, and the activity was increased up to $70^{\circ}C$. Periplasmic and cytochromic proteins, including nitrite and nitrous oxide reductase, were excluded during centrifugation and were verified using enzyme essay. Reduced methyl viologen was determined to be the most efficient electron donor among a variety of anionic and cationic dyestuffs, which could be also used as an electron donor with dimethyl dithionite. The effects of purification and storage conditions on the stability of enzyme were also investigated. The activity of the membranebound nitrate reductase was stably maintained for over 2 weeks in solution. To maintain the stability of enzyme, the cell was disrupted using sonication at low temperatures, and enzyme was extracted by hot water without any surfactant. The purified enzyme was stored in solution with no salt to prevent any significant losses in activity levels.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 1973

Determinations of the compositioin ofl chinoform metal chelates by elemental analysis and molar ratio method showed that the ratios of the ligand to metals in chinoform Cu(II) chelate, chinofrm Ni (II) chelate, and chinoform CO(II) chelate were 2:1 respectively and that the ratio in chinoform Fe(III) chelate was 3:1. It was found that diffe rential thermal values vary with the center metalic ions and that the thermal stability was in anorder of Fe>Cu>Co>Ni. The indices of over-all stability constant of chinoform Cu(II) chelate, Ni(II) chelate, Co(II) chelate, and Fe(III) chelate were 15.57, 15.16, 15.40 and 20.76, respectively, and the over-all stability was in an order of Fe>Cu>Co>Ni. The tests of the natibacterial activity in vitro of the chinoform metal chelates against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC G538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2131, Serratia marcescens 3357, Klebsiella pneumoniae 8899, Enterococcus 3309, Streptococcus pyogenes 507, and Escherichia coli 125 showed that the Cu(II) chelate generally had greater activity than chinoform, that it had four-fold activity particularly against Streptococcus pyogenes 507 and Staphylococcus awreus ATCC 6538, that the Ni(II) and Co(II) chelates had almost same activity, and that the Fe chelate had strong activity against Escherichia coli 125.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.453-457
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• 2006

Activity and stability of kiwifruit actinidine was determined in various conditions of pH, salt, and temperature using N-${\alpha}$-CBZ-lysine P-nitrophenyl ester as the substrate. Actinidine activity was low below pH 6, and undetectable below pH 3. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 6.0-8.5. At $4^{\circ}C$ the enzyme was inactive in the presence of greater than 36% vinegar and in 2 M NaCl. Actinidine at $25^{\circ}C$ was unstable in 24% vinegar but stable in up to 3 M NaCl. With regard to freeze-thaw stability, actinidine retained 85% residual activity after being frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Based on Arrenius and Lineweaver-Burk plots, actinidine became unstable at greater than $45^{\circ}C$ with only 30% residual activity remaining after 6 min. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values of actinidine were $56\;{\mu}M$, 67/sec, and $1.2\;{\mu}M/sec$, respectively.