• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

The Ministry of Environment will enforce air quality standards for $PM_{2.5}$ in 2015 because it affects human health as well as climate change and brings about other adverse effects. Until recently, even though a number of researches have reported $PM_{2.5}$ emissions according to sources, they have not precisely considered the emission factors correspondent to each source for emission estimation. For the sake of establishing $PM_{2.5}$ emission inventories, this study was undertaken using activity data of each source taken from CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) multiplied by each emission factor of U.S. EPA Speciate or EEA CORINAIR. The 2008's total annual $PM_{2.5}$ emission (73.971 ton/yr) can be apportioned into five sources, such as fuel combustion facilities (62.2%), mobiles (33.8%), production processes (3.2%), fires (0.4%), and waste treatments (0.3%). The results show that fuel combustion facilities and mobiles are the predominant sources of $PM_{2.5}$, and they should be taken into great account in establishing $PM_{2.5}$ standards. In addition, it is necessary and urgent to develop effective measures for reduction of $PM_{2.5}$ emissions from those two main sources as well.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.550-566
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• 2017

Recent advances in wearable devices and quantified-self movement increase the number of personal informatics application that may cause an concern to health industry and user. In this light, the goal of this study is to identify more effective ways of design and evaluation of personal informatics application for self-tracking and delivering health information to users. For this goal, this study conducted areal-world study that processes such that user can assess, be aware of, and self-reflect on their data and behavior activity. In doing so, this study aims to determine the psychological effects of forms of health feedback (comparative vs. non-comparative) and presentation modes (text vs. image) on users' tendencies toward health conservation. Results from a between-subjects experiment revealed that health information in a comparative and textual format was more effective in encouraging health conservation in participants than identical information presented in a non-comparative and image format. In addition, participants' level of health consciousness emerged as a significant predictor. Through this analysis of quantitative data and inferences, this study make a number of contributions to the user affordance research and its methodology of health informatics study and designing personal informatics application that support user's behavior change in various contexts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2006

This study is performed to compare the dietary intakes and food sources of copper (Cu) using the database of Cu content developed in this study between the elementary schoolchildren in remote rural areas (RA, n=58, $9.9{\pm}1.7$ yrs) and those in urban area (UA, n=60, $9.4{\pm}1.8$ yrs), and to analyze the relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA. The results obtained in this study were as followings: 1) Dietary intakes of calorie, calcium and iron in the RA were in the 3/5-4/5 of the Korean RDA while the UA were similar to or more than the Korean RDA, 7th ed. except iron. 2) More than 273 kinds of food consumed by the subjects were analyzed the content of Cu and database of Cu content were developed in the present study. The mean dietary intake of Cu per day in the RA was $0.99{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($170.0{\pm}13.2%$ of the USA RDA) while it was $1.22{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($203.4{\pm}13.1%$ of the RDA) in the UA. The percentage of dietary intakes of Cu less than 213 of the RDA was 8.6% in the RA in comparison to 0% in the UA. 3) The RA and the UA consumed more than 80% of total dietary intakes of Cu from plant foods. Thus, the RA and the UA consumed Cu from cooked rice, vegetables and fruits as a major source. However the RA had less Cu from meat and their products than did the UA (p<0.05) .4) Crab stew including crab and juice was the highest food source of Cu for the total subjects, followed by seasoned bud of aralia, cooked; beef rib meat, roasted; soybean paste soup w/mallow; and soybean paste soup w/mallow & beef. Major food source of Cu was similar for the RA and the UA such as cooked rice, vegetables and fruits. 5) Mean concentration of serum Cu in the RA was $18.1{\pm}0.7{\mu}M/L$ that was in the normal value, and all subjects in this group were in more than normal value. In the RA serum Cu concentration related positively with serum ceruloplasmin concentration, serum vitamin C concentration and EC SOD activity, respectively. However, serum Cu concentration did not relate with serum TBARS concentration in the RA. Above results showed that the RA had good status of Cu nutrition based upon dietary intake and serum concentration, however some of the RA had lower intake of Cu than the RDA. The overall children in the UA had good Cu nutrition. Therefore, the subgroup of the RA should be supported to improve their Cu nutrition, and this support could give them better antioxidant status based upon positive relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.356-365
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• 1991

$L-Triiodothyronine(T_3)$ binding to purified plasma membrane and to isolated nuclei from the same liver in obese(ob/ob) mice and their lean littermates was examined. The maximal binding capacity(Bmax) for $T_3$ receptor of liver nuclei, as compared to lean control, was significantly lower in the obese mouse$(obese 527{\pm}80fmol/mg\;DNA ; lean 883{\pm}62fmol/mg\;DNA)$, without an apparent difference in dissociation constant(Kd). The finding that obese mice have fewer liver nuclear $T_3$ receptors confirms previous reports. The Bmax and Kd of liver plasma membrane $T_3$ receptor were not significantly different between obese and lean mouse, which suggests no defect to be occurring in the function of the plasma membrane $T_3$ receptor and reinforces the view that the peripherally impaired thyroid hormone action in obese mice is a post plasma membrane receptor event. These results further support the hypothesis that the major defect of the thyroid hormone metabolism in genetic obesity occurs at the level of the nuclear receptor.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.475-482
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• 2019

The increase in human use and activity in the oceans is leading to marine pollution and habitat destruction. As a result, in particular, marine animals with a long life cycle and small population are threatened with extinction. Thus, the Korean government designated 11 artificial habitats, such as aquariums and marine museums, as Ex-situ conservation institutions to preserve endangered marine life in 2010. However, studies on the significance and economic value of Ex-situ conservation institutions providing marine life conservation services have not been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the public's quantitative support for the operation policy of Ex-situ conservation institutions, which is a management method for the protection and propagation of marine animals in Korea. To achieve this, the economic value of the marine animal conservation role of the National Maritime Museum was estimated, operated as an Ex-situ conservation institution for the preservation of green turtles in Korea. By using the representative non-market valuation method for public goods known as the contingent valuation method (CVM), the economic value of the Ex-situ conservation institution (National Maritime Museum) was estimated at approximately 41.8 billion won to a maximum of 78.1 billion won. The results of this study can be applied as basic data for marine animal management policymakers in establishing efficient management plans for endangered marine animals in Korea's coastal waters.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.75-98
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• 2013

This study aimed to identify the problems of toy libraries by investigating and analyzing the identity and administration of toy library and so to propose the approaches to improve the legal and administrative status of toy library. In accordance with the analysis, only 9.8%(5) of 51 toy libraries in Korea was established on the basis of the Libraries Act. Most toy libraries were established and operated without any basis on legal institutions or toy library ordinances of local authorities(45%). The purposes of establishment were different from the identity of toy library specified in the provisions of Clause 1, 2 and 3, Article 2, Libraries Act, as 82.4% of toy libraries was established for rental of toys, providing game data and cultural activity service and distributing game programs. For the legal registration standards based on the Libraries Act, it was found that 96.1% exceeded the floorage requirements, 92.3% exceeded the seating requirement and 45.1% exceeded the collection requirement on the basis of the small libraries. Only 13.7% employed the librarians. Next, most toy libraries secured just 70% of the required budget. In conclusion, this study proposed the local authorities to establish the ordinances related to toy library on the basis of the Libraries Act. Next, it was also proposed for the toy libraries to register themselves in accordance with the Libraries Act for securing the legal status. Finally, the local authorities need to rationalize and support the budgets for rationalizing the administration of toy libraries.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.3
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• pp.209-222
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• 2010

As the business competition between firms is getting intense, one of the sources of competitive advantage is effectively and efficiently to create, share, and apply information/knowledge among employees. Most of the firms which conduct knowledge management are operating a Community of Practice(CoP) in order to create, share and utilize this kind of information/knowledge resource. Recently, the CoP is getting out of its informal and spontaneous manner and is beginning to be led by the top management, receiving official support, in order to achieve the organization's strategic goals. However, the corporation's strategic operation of the CoP is not only against its original characteristics but also hampers the spontaneity of its participants. Every participant has different motivation to participate and different preference for reward type. This study, with the survey of 114 respondents, found that intrinsic motivation as well as extrinsic motivation significantly affect the motivation-reward fitness. Also, the motivation-reward fit was found to influence CoP commitment which ultimately leads to knowledge sharing activity in the CoP context. This research will help knowledge management companies to figure out how the two things of participants' motivation and their reward types can fit together, and how such fitness ultimately affects the participants' commitment and their knowledge sharing activities.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2020

Noises can distort acquired geophysical data, leading to their misinterpretation. Potential noises sources include anthropogenic activity, natural phenomena, and instrument noises. Conventional denoising methods such as wavelet transform and filtering techniques, are based on subjective human investigation, which is computationally inefficient and time-consuming. Recently, many researchers attempted to implement neural networks to efficiently remove noise from geophysical data. This study aims to review and analyze different types of neural networks, such as artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, autoencoders, residual networks, and wavelet neural networks, which are implemented to remove different types of noises including seismic, transient electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetotelluric surveys. The review analyzes and summarizes the key challenges in the removal of noise from geophysical data using neural network, while proposes and explains solutions to the challenges. The analysis support that the advancement in neural networks can be powerful denoising tools for geophysical data.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to develop and scientifically investigate the efficacy of the Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest that responds to the spine curvature of the user when seated, and maintains and enhances the natural S-curve of the lower back, thereby helping to relieve fatigue, correct posture and prevent spine deformities. Background: The focus of current development, design guidelines and/or standards for office chairs is mainly placed on the chair's dimensions, incline angle, adjusting features and lumbar support. Research and development was called for developing a chair backrest that maintains and improves the S-curve of the full spine. Method: The Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest was ergonomically designed to maintain correct posture and enhance user comfort. When leaned on, the backrest responds to the user's spine line and the whole lower back sits closely against the backrest, thereby aligning the user's lower back and backrest as one to maintain and improve the natural S-curve formation of the spine. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the newly designed chair (new design) and the comparison target (chair), five male college students of standard body type with normal spine curvature were selected as test subjects, and a motion analyzer and electromyography were utilized to measure S-curve and erector spinae muscle activity when seated. Results: The spine S-curve was better maintained and improved when sitting in the new design than in the comparison chair. Particularly notable was the greater displacement gap of the thoracic spine than the cervical spine, and also that of the lumbar more than the thoracic spine, with the increase of the backrest tilting angle. Furthermore, the electromyogram results showed the new design caused a lower fatigue level of the erector spinae muscles compared to the comparison chair, and also earned a higher preference in the subjective opinion results. Conclusion: The newly designed chair in this study responds to the user's spine curvature and maintains and enhances the lower back's natural S-curve, and thereby relieves fatigue, promotes better posture, and helps to prevent spine deformities better than existing office chairs. There is a need to widely introduce and supply this new design. Application: The new design is applicable to office and student chairs, and is expected to improve concentration and work efficiency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4353-4358
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• 2014

Background: PI3/AKT and NF-kB signaling pathways are constitutively active in acute myeloid leukemia and cross-talk between the two has been shown in various cancers. However, their role in acute myeloid leukemia has not been completely explored. We therefore used cell penetrating inhibitor peptides to define the contributions of AKT and NF-kB to survival and multi drug resistance (MDR) in HL-60 cells. Materials and Methods: Inhibition of AKT and NF-kB activity by AKT inhibitor peptide and NBD inhibitor peptide, respectively, resulted in decreased expression of mRNA for the MDR1 gene as assessed by real time PCR. In addition, treatment of HL-60 cells with AKT and NBD inhibitor peptides led to inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner as detected by flow cytometer. Results: Finally, co-treatment of HL-60 cells with sub-optimal doses of AKT and NBD inhibitor peptides led to synergistic apoptotic responses in AML cells. Conclusions: These data support a strong biological link between NF-kB and PI3-kinase/AKT pathways in the modulation of antiapoptotic and multi drug resistant effects in AML cells. Synergistic targeting of these pathways using NF-kB and PI3-kinase/AK inhibitor peptides may have a therapeutic potential for AML and possibly other malignancies with constitutive activation of these pathways.