• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2127-2137
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• 2016

A mangrove microbial community was analyzed at the gene and protein levels using metagenomic and proteomic methods with the green macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera as the substrate. Total DNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 PE-100 platform. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for proteomic analysis. The metagenomic data revealed that the orders Pseudomonadales, Rhizobiales, and Sphingomonadales were the most prevalent in the mangrove microbial community. By monitoring changes at the functional level, proteomic analyses detected ATP synthase and transporter proteins, which were expressed mainly by members of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria expressed a high number of sugar transporters and demonstrated specialized and efficient digestion of various glycans. A few glycoside hydrolases were detected in members of the phylum Firmicutes, which appeared to be the main cellulose-degrading bacteria. This is the first report of multiple "omics" analysis of E. prolifera degradation. These results support the fact that key enzymes of glycoside hydrolase family were expressed in large quantities, indicating the high metabolic activity of the community.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.131-146
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• 2002

In the last years, it has become possible to regain some locomotor activity in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) through intense training on a treadmill. The ideas behind this approach owe much to insights derived from animal studies. Many studies showed that cats with complete spinal cord transection(spinalized animals) can recover locomotor function. These observations were at the basis of the concept of the central pattern generator located at spinal level. The neural system responsible for the locomotor restoration in both cats and humans is thought to be located at spinal level and is referred to as the central pattern generator(CPG). The evidence for such a spinal CPG in human is emphasis on some recent developments which support the view that there is a human spinal CPG for locomotion. An important element in afferent inputs for both spinal injured cats and humans is the provision of adequate sensory input related locomotor, which can possibly activate and/or regulate the spinal locomotor circuitry This review article deals with the afferent control of the central pattern generator. Furthermore, the application of adequate afferent inputs related locomotor for stroke patients will be able to facilitate locomotion ability, which is automatic, cyclic, rhythmic. These insights can possibly contribute to a better therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of gait in patients with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.293-306
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• 2013

According to the increase of rural experience, that is important in satisfying needs of green tourism and vitalizing rural economy to use closed school in rural area as experience facility. For using closed school as experience facility, political and institutional assistants are needed in effective equipments and stable operation based on multi-perspective approach and analysis. In this study, we try to evaluate green-tourism accessibility of rural experience facility remodeled from closed school considering regional population and spatial characteristics. In evaluating process, gravity potential model are adapted with considering group size of customer and distance-friction coefficient. Distance-friction coefficient is a function of user restriction which depend on possible activity in each experience facility. Green tourism accessibility of experience facility is calculated with summation of accessibility to each region, and we analyzed it as a group by closed school type and location with application in Chungcheongnam-do. We found a correlation between green tourism accessibility of rural closed school and their income.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2003

This study is an experimental study about the relationship between EEG and personality dimensions. Subjects were 70 healthy undergraduate students (32 males, 38 females) The Korean version of Eysencks Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) were used. EEGs were recorded in two different conditions (eyes open and eyes closed). To obtain more tellable data, EEG recordings of subjects were replicated 6 weeks later. The analytical methods used in the present study rendered two coincident tendencies: Theta with neuroticism relationship in eyes closed condition, and alpha-delta with psychoticism relationship in eyes closed condition. These results generally support the theory of Robinson (2001) that delta, theta, and alpha waves are associated with activity of brainstem, limbic system, and thalamo-cortical arousal system, and that thalamo-cortical alpha system has inhibitory effects on brainstem delta system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.358-362
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• 2001

Brain dead (BD) patients remain the largest source of solid organs for transplantation. BD has shown to decrease graft function and survival in rodent models. The aim of this study was to evaluate how brain death affects graft viability in the donor and kidney tolerance to cold preservation as assessed by survival in a canine transplantation. 13 Beagle dogs were used for the study. Brain death was induced by the sudden inflation of a subdural balloon catheter with continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure and eletroencephalographic activity (n=3). Sixteen hours after conformation of brain death, kidney graft were retrieved (n=6). Non-BD donors served as controls (n=4). All kidneys were flushed with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and preserved for 24 hours at 4$^{\circ}C$ before transplantation. Recipient survival rates, serum creatinine level were analyzed. Brain death induced the well-known Cushing reaction with a severe increase in blood pressure and tachycardia. Thereafter, cardiac function returned progressively to baseline within 8 hours and remained stable until the end of the experiment. All of dogs in both group transplanted were survived until 7 days (100%), and the kidneys showed functional early rejection at 8.3$\pm$0.5 days and 8.5$\pm$0.5 days after transplantation, in BD and allograft group, respectively. BD kidneys were functionally similar to control kidneys for 7 days after transplantated. Brain death has no deleterious effect on preservation injury and survival of dog kidney transplantation, although it induces changes in hemodynamic parameters. This study reveals that kidneys from BD donors do not exhibit more ischemia reperfusion injury, and support good early function and survival.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are synthetic molecules which bind to estrogen receptors (ER) and can modulate its transcriptional capabilities in different ways in diverse estrogen target tissues. Tamoxifen, the prototypical SERM, is extensively used for targeted therapy of ER positive breast cancers. Unfortunately, the use of tamoxifen is associated with acquired resistance and some undesirable side effects. This study investigated the availability of the conventional SERMs on the TAM-resistance breast cancer cells. SERMs showed more effectiveness in MCF-7 cells than tamoxifen resistant cells, except toremifene and ospemifene. Especially, toremifene was more efficacious in tamoxifen resistant cells than MCF-7. Ospemifene had similar cytotoxic activity on the two types of breast cancers. The other SERMs used in this experiment didn't inhibit efficiently the proliferation of tamoxifen resistant cells. These results support the possibility to usage of toremifene on tamoxifen resistant cancer. The effectiveness by toremifene on tamoxifen resistant cells might be different pathways from the apoptosis and the autophagy. Further study should be needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of effect of toremifene on tamoxifen resistant cancer.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2014

The GacS/GacA system in the root colonizer Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a key regulator of many traits relevant to the biocontrol function of this bacterium. Proteomic analysis revealed 12 proteins were down-regulated in a gacS mutant of P. chlororaphis O6. These GacS-regulated proteins functioned in combating oxidative stress, cell signaling, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, and secretion. The extent of regulation was shown by real-time RT-PCR to vary between the genes. Mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 were generated in two GacS-regulated genes, trpE, encoding a protein involved in tryptophan synthesis, and prnA, required for conversion of tryptophan to the antimicrobial compound, pyrrolitrin. Failure of the trpE mutant to induce systemic resistance in tobacco against a foliar pathogen causing soft rot, Pectobacterium carotovorum SCCI, correlated with reduced colonization of root surfaces implying an inadequate supply of tryptophan to support growth. Although colonization was not affected by mutation in the prnA gene, induction of systemic resistance was reduced, suggesting that pyrrolnitrin was an activator of plant resistance as well as an antifungal agent. Study of mutants in the other GacS-regulated proteins will indicate further the features required for biocontrol-activity in this rhizobacterium.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.396-399
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• 2007

In present work, the anti-bacterial effect of silver/activated carbon (Ag/C) composites prepared by the ${\gamma}$-irradiation of $AgNO_3$ solution on Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been studied. Characteristics of the Ag/C composites were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The inhibitory concentration of E. coli was found to be 0.387 ppm and the sterilizing concentration for the tested organism was 1.017 ppm. These results support the evidence that Ag/C composites have strong antibacterial activity to E. coli.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 1995

Composting is an ecologically sound method of recycling organic waste. Its advantages include the maintenance of soil fertility and improvement of soil physicochemical property. It is an essential part of the waste minimization. That is, composting should be included to increase the recycling rate up to more than 20%. To encourage composting of waste, it is necessary to develop some effective composters of small scale facilities and densely populated areas. For medium and large-size facilities, the optimum process should be selected. Technical counselling and support is desirable for small scale composters for urban residential and rural area. On the other hand, adequate amendment of relevant legislation should be followed to encourage composting. An example of unreasonable legislation is the current fertilizer management act. According to the regulation, the maximum allowable limit of lead in the compost is less than 150ppm, which is too strict. This limit should be increased to at least 300ppm, which is the observed level in most states in USA. At the same time, sound infrastructure should be established and decent publicity work should be achieved to accelerate composting activity. In this paper the desirable standard for some heavy metal concentration in the compost were suggested.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2003

This research was undertaken to find the in vitro inflammatory action of the essenetial oil (CS-oil) extracted from Chrysanthemum sibiricum (Compositae) herbs. We investigated the effects of the CS-oil not only on the formation NO, $PGE_2$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ but also on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The data obtained were consistent with the modulation of iNOS enzyme expression. A similar fashion was also observed when LPS-induced $PGE_2$ release and COX-2 expression were tested. The significant inhibitory effects were shown in concentration-dependent manners. In addition, CS-oil also mildly but significantly reduced the formation of TNF-a. These findings support the application of CS-oil as an antiinflammatory essential oil.