• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.336-346
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• 1994

balance and to estimate daily energy requirement in 43 Korean female college students maintaining their usual diet and activity level. Energy intake and expenditure were measured in two separate periods about one month apart, each period lasting for 3 days. All the subjects participated in both periods. Energy intake was assessed by two methods ; weighed diet record and duplicate portion analysis of diet minus fecal and urinary excretion. Mean daily energy intake level calculated from diet records was 28.5 kcal/kgB.W(1, 476 kcal/day), and similar to the level of 27.8 kcal/kgB.W(1, 438 kcal/days) obtained from the chemical analysis of duplicate portions. Mean daily energy expenditure, calculated from activity records of each subject, was 34.6 kcal/kgB.W, or 1.39 times BMR, which corresponds to light activity level. Mean daily energy balance of subjects was -5.9 kcal/kgB.W. Mean daily requirement of energy, calculated from the activity records of the subjects, was 34.6 kcal/kgB.W, similar to the level of the Korean RDA for light activity level. The results of this study indicate that 1) the activity level of the study subjects corresponds to the sedentary level ; 2) present Korean RDA for energy for light activity is adequate for the subjects ; and 3) the subjects should increase their energy intake since they are largely in negative energy balance.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제18D권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 3축 가속도 센서를 소형 디바이스(활동량 측정기)로 구성하고 이를 사람의 신체에 착용하고 사람이 보행 시 발생하는 가속도 센서의 Raw 데이터 출력 값을 획득하여 실시간 활동량으로 변환하고 모니터링 할 수 있는 활동량 측정기와 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 피험자 59명을 대상으로 트레드밀(Treadmill)에서 호흡가스대사분석기(K4B2), Actical 그리고 본 연구에서 개발된 활동량 측정기를 착용 후 36분 동안 테스트 프로토콜에 따라 다양한 속력의 걸음(느리게 걷기, 걷기, 빠르게 걷기, 천천히 뛰기, 뛰기, 빠르게 뛰기)에 대해서 실험을 하였다. 가속도 센서의 출력 데이터와 피험자 정보를 이용하여 에너지소비량(Energy Expenditure :EE)을 추정하는 회귀식을 도출하였으며 이는 실험시 같이 착용한 Actical보다 제안하는 활동량 변환 알고리즘의 성능이 1.61% 향상 되었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy expenditure and investigate the relationship between related variables of 57 dieticians in Youngdong-area. The average daily number of steps was found to be 9358.0$\pm$2714.3 steps/day on weekdays and 7862.9$\pm$2504.9 steps/day during weekends. Hourly step rates on weekdays and weekends came to 570.6$\pm$249.8 steps/hr and 564.0$\pm$224.8 steps/hr, respectively. Activity coefficient of subjects was higher on weekdays (1.56) than weekends (1.51, p<0.05). Resting energy expenditure estimated by the Harris-Benedict formula, WHO/NAO/FAO formula as well as formulas based on body surface area and DRIs (Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans) were calculated to be 1333.7$\pm$89.5kcal/day, 1351.0$\pm$123.3kcal/day, 1388.5$\pm$100.3kcal/day and 1295.9$\pm$90.8kcal/day, respectively. Using these resting energy expenditures and the activity coefficients, daily energy expenditures were calculated to be from 2039.7kcal/day to 2183.5kcal/day on weekdays and from 2016.1kcal/day to 2159.2kcal/day on weekends. Meanwhile energy intakes of subjects on weekdays and weekends were 1594.7$\pm$698.3kcal and 2152.9$\pm$768.0kcal, respectively. The activity coefficient (1.49) of dieticians who managed less than 500 meals per day was significantly lower than that of dieticians who served more than 500 meals per day. Dieticians of schools located in rural areas had higher activity coefficient (1.59) than those of schools located in urban or island settings. These results suggest that work analysis and development of management strategies are necessary to improve dieticians' productivity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the percentage of body fat by measurement of skin-fold thickness and to figure out the relationship between the daily energy intake and expenditure among male and female college students. Measurements of height, weight , skinfold thickness, percent body fat, lean body mass were made, 새심 daily energy expenditure and dietary intake survey were performed on 164 (male 86, female 78) college students. The survey was conducted between October 10, 1993-November 20, 1993. The results are as follows : 1) The average height and wegiht of the surveyed men and women were respectively 172.$\pm$0.6cm, 62.2$\pm$0.8kg and 160.8$\pm$ 0.5cm, 51.5$\pm$0.6kg, BMI of those surveyed were 20.9$\pm$0.2 and 19.9$\pm$0.2 and body density of those surveyed were 1.06$\pm$0.0 and 1.05$\pm$0.0 , and the percentage of body fat of those surveyed were 17.3$\pm$0.5% and 23.2$\pm$0.4% , and IBM of those surveyed were 51.2$\pm$0.6kg and 39.5$\pm$0.4kg. 2) Mean skin-fold thickness at 4 sites of the surveyed men and women were respectively 11.6$\pm$0.5mm and 18.3$\pm$0.6mm. 3) Average calorie intake of male and female were 2121$\pm$54kcal , 1906$\pm$28kcal respectively 70.5:14.2:15.3 and 68.0:14.0:18.0. 5) Activity time record of subjects reveal that there was a trend for males to spend more time in moderate and high activity and less time in light activity compared to females. Total daily energy expenditure of male and female group were respectively 2784$\pm$51kcal and 2073$\pm$32kcal. 6) The skinfold thickness showed negative correlation with body density but it showed positive correlation with the percentage of body fat. The lean body mass showed positive correlation with physical activity and energy intake showed positive correlation with physical activity also.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 3축 가속도 동작 감지기를 이용하여 신체활동 에너지 소비량 예측 알고리즘을 구현 하였다. 피험자 33명(남성: 15, 여성: 18명)을 대상으로 트레드밀에서 호흡가스분석기, 3축 가속도 동작 감지기(피트미터)를 허리와 손목에 착용 후 2 km/h ~ 11 km/h 까지 각 단계별 2분 수행 후, 1 km/h 씩 증가 시키면 실험을 진행하였다. 3축 가속도 동작 감지기의 x, y, z축 출력 값을 하나의 대표 값으로 처리하는 신호벡터크기(Signal Vector Magnitude: SVM)와 산소소비량과의 회귀분석을 통하여 신체활동 에너지 소비량 예측 알고리즘을 구현 하였다. 허리, 손목, 허리와 손목의 3축 가속도 동작 감지기 착용 위치에 따라 알고리즘을 구현하고 각각의 알고리즘 별로 비교하여 신체활동의 특성에 따라 선택적으로 이용할 수 있도록 구현 하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 LBS(Location Based Service) 응용을 위한 독거노인의 일상 활동의 칼로리 소모 예측 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 PIR (Passive InfraRed) 움직임 센서를 이용하여 독거노인의 활동 패턴을 측정하고, 물리적 활동과 그에 따른 칼로리 소모의 관계를 검토한다. 제안된 움직임 감지 시스템은 개별 노인 주택에 설치되는 센싱 시스템과 중앙 서버 시스템으로 구성된다. 센싱 시스템은 PIR 센서를 장착한 무선 센싱 노드들로 구성된 무선 센서 네트워크 형태로 구현되었고, 각 센서가 감지한 노인들의 움직임은 홈 게이트웨이를 거쳐 중앙 데이터베이스 서버로 저장된다. 서버 시스템은 데이터베이스 서버와 웹 서버로 구성되어 있으며, 웹 기반 모니터링 시스템을 통해 저장된 움직임 데이터를 가공하여 독거노인들의 수발제공자에게 각 노인들의 효율적인 서비스를 제공한다. 실험을 통해 제안한 칼로리 소모 모델의 성능과 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

최근 만성질환을 예방하고 건강을 증진시킬 목적으로 신체활동에 대한 중요성이 인식되면서 신체활동 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3축 가속도 동작감지기 x, y, z축에 대한 $cm/s^2$의 가속도 합인 SVM(Signal Vector Magnitude)를 이용하여 신체활동 에너지 소비량 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 기존 실험을 통해 타당도가 입증된 COUNT 방식의 Freedson, Hendelman, Leenders, Yngve 알고리즘에 SVM 방식을 적용하여 구현 하였다. COUNT와 SVM 상관관계 분석을 위하여 총 10명의(성인 남성 5명, 여성 5명, 20 ~ 30 대) 피험자를 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 피험자는 트레드밀위에서 3단계 신체활동 (걷기: 3km/h, 빨리 걷기: 5km/h, 러닝: 8km/h)을 1주 간격으로 4주 간 반복 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과 얻어진 COUNT와 SVM의 간의 상관관계를 분석하여 다양한 신체활동에 따른 맞춤형 에너지 측정 알고리즘을 구현하였다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to confirm that the difference in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) during exercise of the spending the same calories between the continuous and interval exercise. [Methods] Thirty-four healthy college students who did not regularly exercise volunteered to participate in our study. Continuous exercise was performed on an ergometer for 30 min at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO_{2 max}). Interval exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer at 80% VO_{2 max} for 2 min initially, followed by 40% VO_{2 max} for 1 min, and 80% VO_{2 max} for 3 min. This was repeated six times for a total of 26 min. [Results] The major findings were as follows: (1) energy consumption during exercise was not significantly different between continuous exercise and interval exercise groups; (2) EPOC was higher in interval exercise than in continuous exercise for all dependent variables (i.e., total oxygen consumption, total calories, summation of heart rate); and (3) there were no significant differences in the lipid profile between continuous and interval groups. [Conclusions] Our study confirmed that after equalizing energy expenditure for continuous and interval exercise on a cycle ergometer in subjects in their twenties, interval exercise results in higher EPOC than continuous exercise. These data suggest that interval exercise may be more effective than continuous exercise in reducing body fat, for a given amount of energy expenditure.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2003년도 제22회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.63-77
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigate the co-movements of the real GDP cycle and the telecommunications service expenditure cycle over 1980 through 2000 in Korea. We used several appropriate statistical tools to characterize and to compare the co-movements between the two aforementioned variables. The statistics presented in this paper are common, easy to Interpret and capture important visual, descriptive information and the dynamics of data that would be lost if one focused only on the unconditional correlation coefficients of de-trended data. This paper examines four possible characteristics for the co-movements of real GDP and telecommunications service expenditure in Korea. The first is that in low frequency, the cyclical movements in telecommunications service expenditure are very similar to the cyclical movements in real GDP, The second is that in the high frequency, the estimated stationary cyclical telecommunications service expenditure is not closely related to the estimated stationary cyclical real GDP. Third, according to co-spectra analysis, the strong relationships between the variables are found in the mid-term frequency and as such this empirical finding has important implications for telecommunications policy and telecommunications service implementation strategies. Finally, in the short-term period, our empirical results support telecommunications network theories such as path dependence properties, lock-in, positive feedback externality, and network externality.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.287-305
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to analyze a causal effect on the housewife's leisure activity participation, leisure expenditure and leisure life satisfaction. Data was collected 249 housewives in Pusan. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way Anova, multiple regression, Pearson's correlation and path analysis. The main findings of the research were as follows: First, there were significant differences in leisure activity participation according to socio-demographic and economic variables. Physical type showed significant differences when housewife was 30's and unemployed, size of family was 3 and 4, age of the lastborn child was under 6, occupation of husband was professionals and technicians, educational attainment of housewife was under highschool graduate, pattern of housing was collective, income was higher. There were significant differences that occupation of husband was professionals and technicians, educational attainment of housewife was over junior college graduate, pattern of housing was collective, income was higher in self-developing type. restful type showed significant differences when housewife was 40's, age of the lastborn child was under 13-18, educational attainment of housewife was under highschool graduate. There were significant differences that housewife was unemployed in home-oriented type. There were significant differences that housewife was 30's and unemployed, size of family was 4, age of the lastborn child was under 6, occupation of husband was market and sales worker, educational attainment of housewife was over junior college graduate, pattern of housing was collective in time-spending type. Second, there were significant differences in leisure time, leisure expenditure and leisure life satisfaction according to socio-demographic and economic variables. Leisure time showed significant differences when housewife was unemployed, age of the lastborn child was under 13-18, occupation of husband was service, educational attainment of housewife was under highschool graduate, income was higher. Leisure expenditure showed significant differences when housewife was 30's, size of family was under 3, age of the lastborn child was under 6, occupation of husband was senior officials and manager, educational attainment of housewife was over junior college graduate, pattern of housing was collective, income was over 5,000,000 won. There were significant differences that housewife was unemployed in leisure life satisfaction. Third, casual effect was path analysed according to path model. Employment and unemployment of housewife, income and occupation of husband (product & transport equipment operator) had an effect on phycial type. Age of housewife, employment and unemployment of housewife and occupation of husband (product & transport equipment operator) had an effect on children-concerned type. Age of housewife had an effect on social-concerned type. Education of husband, income, age of lastborn child and occupation of husband (professor and teacher) had an effect on self-developing type. Age of lastborn child, employment and unemployment of housewife and occupation of husband(product & transport equipment operator) had an effect on children-concerned type. Age of lastborn child and children number had an effect on religious-social type. Employment and unemployment of housewife had an effect on home-oriented type. Age of housewife, education of husband had an effect on time-spending type. Restful type, employment and unemployment of housewife, and occupation of husband(service) have an effect on leisure time. Income, leisure time, self-developing type, children concerned type and occupation of husband(senior officials and manager) had an effect on leisure expenditure. Leisure expenditure, self-developing type, employment and nemploymentof housewife, income had an effect on leisure life satisfaction.