• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.507-516
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use cost-benefit analysis of activity to clarify the economic effect of prepared nurses versus atmospheric environment managing engineers as healthcare managers. Methods: For the study 111 workplaces were surveyed, workplaces in which nurses or atmospheric environment managing engineers were employed as healthcare managers. The survey content included annual gross salaries, participation in external job training, costs in joining association covered by the company, location and year of construction of the healthcare office, various kinds of healthcare expenditures, costs in operating healthcare office, health education, and activity performance in the work of environment management. Results: In the case of the healthcare manager being a nurse, benefit was larger than input costs at a ratio of 2.31. On the other hand, in the case of healthcare manager being an atmospheric environment managing engineer, input costs were larger than benefits (benefit-cost ratio 0.88). Conclusion: Results indicate that nurses are an effective healthcare human resource and can offer good quality healthcare service. Therefore companies should hire nurses and actively promote the economic efficiency of nurses in workplace.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2007

Pharmacophore models for lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (P56 LCK) were developed using CATALYST HypoGen with a training set comprising of 25 different P56 LCK inhibitors. The best quantitative pharmacophore hypothesis comprises of one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one hydrophobic aliphatic and one ring aromatic features with correlation coefficient of 0.941, root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.933 and cost difference (null cost-total cost) of 66.23. The pharmacophore model was validated by two methods and the validated model was further used to search databases for new compounds with good estimated LCK inhibitory activity. These compounds were evaluated for their binding properties at the active site by molecular docking studies using GOLD software. The compounds with good estimated activity and docking scores were evaluated for physiological properties based on Lipinski's rules. Finally 68 compounds satisfied all the properties required to be a successful inhibitor candidate.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

Purpose: There is a difficulty in Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) test design for weapon system's electrical/electronic components/products in small and medium-sized enterprises. To overcome this difficulty, I propose an easy ESS test design approach algorithm that is optimized with only one environment tolerance design information parameter (${\Delta}T$). Methods: To propose the mass production weapon system ESS test design for cost-effective optimization, I define an optimum cost-effective mathematical model ESS test algorithm model based on modified MIL-HDBK-344, MIL-HDBK-2164 and DTIC Technical Report 2477. Results: I clearly confirmed and obtained the quantitative data of ESS effectiveness and cost optimization along our ESS test design algorithm through the practical case. I will expect that proposed ESS test method is used for ESS process improvement activity and cost cutting of mass production weapon system manufacturing cost in small and medium-sized enterprises. Conclusion: In order to compare the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, I compared the effectiveness of the existing ESS test and the proposed algorithm ESS test based on the existing weapon system circuit card assembly for signal processing. As a result of the comparison, it was confirmed that the test time was reduced from 573.0 minutes to 517.2minutes (9.74% less than existing test time).

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02b
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• pp.84-86
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• 1994

AS A SOCIETY, we are in conflict with ourselves about the cost of health care. 1 On one hand, we want the best care possible, regardless of cost. On the other hand, we are not willing to pay the cost of the care we want. Our conflict parallels a flaw in the medical marketplace. An essential condition for achieving an equilibrium between cost and value is that the two must be connected through decisions. When people decide what products and services (goods) they want, they must not only see the value they will receive, but they mast also be responsible for the costs. Because of a variety of features of the medical marketplace-most notably third-party coverage, third-party advice, and uncertainty about outcomes-the required connection between value and cost is severed. The result is what we see. One side of our collective mind demands more services while the other side cries that costs are too high. Resolving our conflict will require connecting value to cost. An essential step in accomplishing this will be to incorporate costs in practice policies. 1 As controversial as that thought might seem (the great majority of practice policies currently do not take costs into account except in the most rudimentary way), arriving at the conclusion is the easy part. A more difficult issue is how to implement the goal of connecting value to cost. Suppose we agree that, in principle, costs should be considered when practice policies are designed, and that an activity should be recommended and covered only if its health outcomes (benefits minus hanns) are deemed to be worth its costs. The next questions are, Who should do the deeming? What should the deemers be asked?

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to deveop nursing costs and to substantiate the application of appropriate activity-based nursing costs for the current clinical nurse specialists. Method: The study sample was a group of 8 home health care team of the tirtiary Hospital in Korea. The data was collected from September 2003 through December 2004. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS PC 11.0 program and calculated mean and the standard deviation. In Lee(2003)'s nursing activity analysis, nursing activities were classified into two major classification, 19 domains and 70 activities. Each activities was calculated using its work validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and the necessary time. The simple work costs was calculated the work wage per minute and the necessary time. The work load intensity was calculated using the work wage per minute and the necessary time work load intensity/100. Results: In this study, the work wage was 283 won per minute. The work validity ranged from 2.71-4.00. The highest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 12,735won/47,374won for research activity, 10,700won/27,499won for bedsore care, and 9,727won/35,114won for deathbed care. The lowest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 2,123won/2,038won for intramuscular injection, 2,210won/2,166won for hypodermic injection, and 2,210won/1,547won for a application of medicine(or ointment or cream). Conclusions: It revealed that the nursing cost should be considered validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and necessary time. Therefore, It is necessary to calculate nursing cost systematically based on activities.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.79-83
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• 2012

In software development process, increasing the size of project(scaling up) is not a same problem as scaling up the parts of small project. Scaling up a project should accompany the communications, and cost, productivity, qualities, development activity, methodologies etc should be considered with it. In this paper, the effective usage of the important elements are discussed in order not to fail to scale up a project.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2006

As aging society makes rapid progress, various social problems arise. The drop of productive labor and the increase of welfare cost can be taken as examples. From this point of view, a use of aged labor is a matter of great Important to national productivity improvement. But, the participation rate of the aged in economical activity amounts to 49.8 percent and their unemployment rate does 2.1 percent. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the deterioration of skill and the lowering of adaption to new working environments due to aging. Since the aging effect is closely related to worker's productivity, it should be properly measured and analyzed. The coordination tester is used to find out activity limitations. Experimental results show that the expert skill of the workers can be improved through the effective of their experience. Therefore we can say that some operation is not influenced by aging.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 2004

In rapidly changing environments of Foodservice Industry, it would be leading companies have made constant efforts to establish efficient management through active involvement in management accounting. Especially the foodservice business in Korea needs more critical managerial environment to grow and develope as a going business, these management environment is changed according to deepening of the competition between foodservice companies and customer's wants. In order to succeed in this change of management environment, a new managerial policy is required which the economic environment, estimates the level and the direction of change and makes efficient use of various resources through internal control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.230-231
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• 2019

The nuclear power plant construction project is large-scale, has various stakeholders and computer system, and is produced and managed a large amount of information. The domestic nuclear power plant construction project has accumulated data based on many years of experience in the system. It has the competitiveness to suggeest alternatives that meet the requirement of the client in the overseas nuclear power plant project. Earned value management, which integrates schedule and cost, is possible to risk management. It was developed the earned value management system considering the the actual data properties and types of the preceding nuclear power plant construction projects. It will be able to increase the nuclaer power plant export competieiveness. Therefore, it was palned to carry out future stuies so that it be able to complement the measure to integrate cost and schedule in consideration of actual data(quantity of activity, etc.).

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.487-497
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• 2008

This study was the research of the satisfaction of participation in short DIY Woodworking program organized by university as productive leisure activity. It is the study of what satisfactions-factors of the participants are and how the satisfaction is continued with activities of the participants later on, and finally how the satisfaction influences the choice of leisure activity further. Questionnaire is consist of total 41 survey standards like the article for facility, education, service and cost & the demographic contents of the participants. It was executed by the participants in program at sight from Aug. $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ 2008, and the valid samples 156 copies were definitely analyzed. The result of analysis shows first that the majority of the participants in the short leisure program are the beginner who took part in such program for the first time. What them interests are the convenient facility & use of tools. Second, the reasonable fees in terms of material cost & preparation of personal tools influenced positively on satisfaction of participation. Third, the dissatisfaction of participants regarding educational method and service could be solved by that the trainer who makes practical lesson had been informed of the course in advance.