• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.284-293
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the active ingredients of herbal plants such as Nigella sativa L. (NS) which has beneficial effects on the body. The beneficial effects of TQ on the cardiovascular system have reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TQ on cardiac fibrosis and permeability, serum and tissue concentration of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress status in chronic lipopolysaccharide exposure in male rats. Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: (1) control; (2) LPS (1 mg/kg/day); (3-5) LPS + TQ with three doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg (n=14 in each group). After 3 weeks, serum and cardiac levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and cardiac levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol groups, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, permeability of heart tissue (evaluated by Evans blue dye method) and myocardial fibrosis were determined, histologically. Results: LPS administration induced myocardial and perivascular fibrosis and increased cardiac oxidative stress (MDA), inflammatory markers and heart permeability, while, reduced anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD and CAT) and the total thiol group. Administration of TQ significantly attenuated these observations. Conclusion: TQ improved myocardial and perivascular fibrosis through suppression of chronic inflammation and improving oxidative stress status and can be considered for attenuation of cardiac fibrosis in conditions with chronic low-grade inflammation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2021

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), one of the major active compounds in Panax ginseng, has already been shown to reduce inflammation in various diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been considered a degenerative disease with degradation of joint articular cartilage. However, recent studies have shown the association of inflammation with OA. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 had an antiinflammatory effect on monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA in ovariectomized rats as a model of postmenopausal arthritis. Methods: G-Rb1 at a dosage of 3 and 10 ㎍/kg body weight was administered every 3 days intraarticularly for a period of 4 weeks to observe antiarthritic effects. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) served as a positive control. Results: The administration of Rb1 significantly ameliorated OA inflammatory symptoms and reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, G-Rb1 administration considerably enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and collagen 2A and reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 genes, indicating a chondroprotective effect of G-Rb1. G-Rb1 also significantly reduced the expression of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (interferon gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL-2, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6). Histological analysis demonstrated that G-Rb1 significantly attenuated the pathological changes in MIA-induced OA in ovariectomized rats. Safranin O and toluidine blue staining further demonstrated that G-Rb1 effectively prevented the degradation of cartilage and glycosaminoglycans, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that G-Rb1 exerts cartilage protective effect on MIA-induced ovariectomized OA rats, by inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1/CCL-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE2). These results shed a light on possible therapeutic application of G-Rb1 in OA.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.606-624
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of Geumnyeonyijin-tang (GNYJT) water extracts with those of metformin (250 mg/kg) in mild diabetic-obese mice. Methods and Results: The 48 mice were divided into 1 normal pellet diet (NFD) group and 5 high-fat diet (HFD) groups. At the end of 12 weeks of oral administration of metformin (250 mg/kg) or GNYJT water extracts (400, 200, or100 mg/kg), the effects were evaluated. The HFD control mice showed noticeable increases in body weight, adipose tissue density, fat pad weight of the periovarian and abdominal wall, and insulin, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels, with decreases in serum HDL levels. Increases in the periovarian and dorsal abdominal fat pad, regions of steatohepatitis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatocyte hypertrophy were also discovered. The HFD group showed a decline in glucose levels and elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting an HFD-induced AMPK downregulation related to glucose dysregulation, as well as lipid metabolism related to obese insulin-resistant type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress related diabetic hepatopathy (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). Conclusion: Assessment of the key parameters for inhibition of diabetes and related complications in HFD-fed diabetic-obese mice demonstrated that GNYJT water extracts have favorable ameliorating effects. The effect of GNYJT was manifested through the stimulation of AMPK upregulation of related hepatic glucose enzyme activities and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Therefore, appropriate oral dosages of GNYJT could be promising as a new preventive candidate for controlling diabetes and related complications. Further screening of biologically active compounds, elucidation of detailed mechanisms, and more animal studies are warranted.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 2010

A mushroom as a functional food material is being increasingly used in these days. It has been that about 1,500 species of mushrooms grow naturally in Asia. Among them about 700 species are edible, but about 30-50 species are poisonous. Even a poisonous mushroom is a very interesting subject for the dietary life research from biochemical viewpoint due to the fact that any mushroom can be the physiological active material. Not a few identified poisonous materials are being used as research reagents thus far. It is suggested that more useful materials could be obtained by progresses in future researches. The identification of the poisonous ingredient can open up a route for mushroom intoxication cure. It is known that cell destruction and troubles on skin, liver, and kidney troubles can be occurred from mushroom intoxication. Recently the author reported as a collection of treatises regarding anti-tumor substances of mushroom (2005), antibiotic substances of mushroom (2006), living-body functional and control substance (2007), and medicinal mushroom commonly used in Korean herbal medicines (2008). In this sequel, published research data on protoplasm, nerve, stomach and intestines, malodor, and acute pain poison of mushroom are collected and reported.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 1997

황금은 예로부터 한방의학에서 해독작용에 사용되어 왔다. 이제까지 황금의 분석적인 관점은 황금의 주성분에 대한 분리와 감도를 증대시키는 데 있었다. 황금에 존재하는 세 가지 다른 flavonoid인 baicalin, baicalein, wogonin을 분석하기 위하여 diode array 검출기(280nm)와 ODS 역상 컬럼을 사용하여 HPLC로 측정하였다. 이 때 이동상은 아세토니트릴과 0.1M 인산을 사용하고, flow rate는 1mL/min로 하였다. 이 조건에서의 검출시간은 baicalin이 7.65분, baicalein이 11.65분, wogonin이 14.12분이었다. 이 분석방법으로서 산지에 따른 황금성분의 양을 비교한 결과 baicalin은 전북 순창산에서, baicalein과 wogonin은 전남 벌교산에서 많이 검출되었다. 추출효율 실험결과 상온용출도 우수하였다. 산의 종류 중 특히 0.2M 초산을 사용했을 때 추출효율이 가장 좋았으며, 추출의 효율성이나 안정성을 고려할 때 혼합 용매의 비율은 아세토니트릴/0.2M 인산(75:25)의 조건에서 추출하는 것이 우수하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 해상 시추작업을 위한 heave compensation system의 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하였다. 우선 시뮬레이션을 위하여, 다물체계 동역학 커널을 개발하였다. 다물체계 동역학 커널은 입력 받은 heave compensation system 시뮬레이션 모델의 운동학적 정보를 이용하여 recursive Newton-Euler formulation 방법을 기반으로 운동방정식을 자동으로 구성하고, 수치적으로 해를 계산하는 기능을 한다. 그리고 해상 시추선에 작용하는 외력을 계산하기 위하여 유체 정역학적 힘과 유체 동역학적 힘을 계산하는 모듈을 개발하였다. 이와 같이 개발한 커널과 모듈들을 적용하여 해상 시추선의 hoisting system 동적거동 해석을 수행하고, 관절에서의 구속력을 계산하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of $HTR^{(R)}$ (Hard Tissue Replacement) on osteogenesis in the mandibular bone defects. Eight adult male white rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0kg were used. Four bone defects (8mm in diameter and 4mm in depth) were made at the both mandibular body. In the control group, the right mesial bone defect was filled with blood clot and spontaneously healed. In the DFDB group, the right distal bone defect was filled with xenogenic demineralized freeze-dried bone. In the $HTR^{(R)}$ group, the left mesial bone defect was filled with $HTR^{(R)}$. In the $HTR^{(R)}-membrane$ group, the left distal bone defect was filled with $HTR^{(R)}$ and covered with BioMesh membrane. The rabbits were sacrified at 2,4,6 and 9 weeks after the operation and microscopic examination was performed. Results obtained were as follows: In the control and DFDB groups, inflammatory cells and the fibrous connective tissue existed and the bone growth was slower than $HTR^{(R)}$ group by 6 week, and there was intervention of the soft tissue at 9 week. In the $HTR^{(R)}$ group, bone trabeculi extended between the $HTR^{(R)}$ particles without intervention of inflammatory cells and the connective tissue at 4 and 6 weeks. In addition, extensive osseous ingrowth into the $HTR^{(R)}$ particles was observed at 9 week. Bone formation was more active in the $HTR^{(R)}$ group than the control and DFDB groups. There was not obvious difference in the bone healing rate between the $HTR^{(R)}$ and the $HTR^{(R)}-membrane$ group. These results suggest that the $HTR^{(R)}$ promotes osteogenesis in the bone defects and the $HTR^{(R)}$ group has no difference in comparison with the $HTR^{(R)}-BioMesh^{(R)}$ membrane group in bone healing.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.804-810
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 건강한 남성들을 대상으로 신선한 브로콜리와 조리된 브로콜리를 섭취시킨 후, glucosinolates의 가수분해물질인 ITC가 mercapturic acid pathway를 거쳐 소변을 통해 배설되는 양을 측정하였다. 브로콜리를 섭취시키기 전 8일간은 glcusinolate가 함유되지 않는 식사(control period)를 섭취하도록 하였다. 그 이후에 조리되지 않은 신선한 브로콜리를 각각 3일간 250 g과 500 g씩 섭취시키면서 실험기간 동안 배설되는 소변을 수집하였다. 1차 실험이 종료된 후에 다시 8일 동안의 세척기간을 거친 후, 전자레인지에 가열한 브로콜리를 250 g과 500 g씩 각각 3일간 섭취시키면서 실험기간 내내 소변을 수집하였다. 수집된 소변으로부터 SF mercapturic acid의 양을 측정하여 HPLC로 분석하였다. 섭취한 브로콜리의 양과 소변으로 배설되는 mercapturic acid의 양은 직선의 상관관계를 보였다. 대조군과 비교할 때, 신선한 브로콜리를 섭취했을 때, 소변으로 배설되는 mercapturic acid의 양이 3일과 6일째 각각 3.8배와 1.9배 증가하였다. 브로콜리를 전자레인지에 익혀서 섭취시켰을 때는 소변으로 배설되는 mercapturic acid의 양이 신선한 경우와 비교하여 감소하였다. 이는 가열조리를 통해 glucosinolate의 양이 감소하였음을 의미한다. 식이로 섭취한 glucosinolate로부터 전환된 ITC가 소변으로 배설되는 생체마커를 측정하고 십자화과 채소를 통해 섭취하는 SF의 양과 소변을 통해 배설되는 양과의 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 실험결과는 십자화과 채소 섭취의 양을 예측하는 유용한 생체마커로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 다양한 인체암세포의 증식에 미치는 등불가사리 메탄올 추출물(MEGF)의 영향을 조사하였다. MEGF는 처리 농도의존적으로 암세포의 형태적변이 및 증식억제가 효과를 보여주었으며, 특히 백혈병세포에서 가장 높은 감수성을 보여주었다. 따라서 백혈병세포의 증식억제 효과가 apoptosis 유발과 연관성이 있는지를 flow cytometry 분석 및 DAPI staining 법으로 조사한 결과, MEGF 처리에 의한 백혈병세포의 증식억제는 세포주기 교란과 무관한 apoptosis 유발에 의한 것임을 sub-G1기 세포의 빈도 증가 및 apoptotic body 형성의 증가 등으로 확인하였다. 또한 MEGF 처리에 의한 백혈병세포의 증식억제 및 apoptosis 유발은 p53 비의존적인 p21의 발현 증가 및 Fas/FasL system의 발현 증가와 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들은 인체 암세포, 특히 백혈병세포에서 MEGF의 항암작용을 이해하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이고 나아가 MEGF 내 함유된 생리활성 물질의 분리 및 항암적용 연구를 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2012

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes is often initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. As the condition progresses, medications may be needed such as oral sulfonylurea or others. Recently, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP- 4) Inhibitor is new drug which can control blood glucose by increasing the active levels of incretin hormone in the body. However, researches have been carried out for mostly Caucasian and Japanese, not for Koreans at all. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitor (Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin) in patients with T2DM in Koreans. This study was carried out retrospectively with reviewing of medical records from the 141 patients who received sitagliptin or vildagliptin over 24 week periods from January 2009, to December 2009. Information including demographics, concomitant medication, disease duration, and exercise was evaluated. $HbA_{1c}$, random blood glucose, post prandial 2 hour glucose, blood pressure, AST, ALT, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels were also collected at baseline and endpoint (at 24 weeks). In each post-treatment group, $HbA_{1c}$, random blood glucose and post prandial 2 hour glucose levels were decreased significantly from baseline in the sitagliptin group (-0.82%, -28.76 mg/dl, -46.65 mg/dl) and vildagliptin group(-1.22%, -27.96 mg/dl, -67.2 mg/dl). Greater $HbA_{1c}$ mean reductions from baseline to 24 weeks were seen in patients with higher baseline values (>7.0%), with shorter disease durations (${\leq}1$ year) compared with those with lower baseline values (<7.0%), with longer disease durations (>1 year) in both sitagliptin and vildagliptin groups. The incidences of hypoglycemia, headache and upper respiratory infection were 0%, 8.7%, 5.8% in sitagliptin group and 2.8%, 8.3%, 6.9% in vildagliptin group. In conclusion, our results showed DPP-4 inhibitor provided similar efficacy compared with sulfonylurea after 24 weeks of treatment and were safer than sulfonylurea in hypoglycemia for Korean T2DM. Also vildagliptin was associated with significant improvement in $HbA_{1c}$ reduction in Korean patient with subgroup (body mass index<25 $kg/m^2$, metformin dose${\geq}$1000 mg, p<0.05) compared to sitagliptin. Therefore, even though DPP-4 inhibitor use for Korean needs to be studied more consistently in the future, DPP-4 inhibitor is a safe and effective drug for Korean T2DM based on our result.