• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.157-179
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• 2013

We present an approach, based on the state dependent Riccati equation, for designing non-collocated seismic response control strategies for buildings accounting for physical constraints, with particular attention to force saturation. We consider both cases of active control using general actuators and semi-active control using magnetorheological dampers. The formulation includes multi control devices, acceleration feedback and time delay compensation. In the active case, the proposed approach is a generalization of the classic linear quadratic regulator, while, in the semi-active case, it represents a novel generalization of the well-established modified clipped optimal approach. As discussed in the paper, the main advantage of the proposed approach with respect to existing strategies is that it allows to naturally handle a broad class of non-linearities as well as different types of control constraints, not limited to force saturation but also including, for instance, displacement limitations. Numerical results on a typical building benchmark problem demonstrate that these additional features are achieved with essentially the same control effectiveness of existing saturation control strategies.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.519-536
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• 2002

This paper is to provide an analysis of the aspectual nature of naked infinitives(NIs) of English perceptual reports. Higginbotham(1983) proposes that only ‘active’ or ‘transient’ verbs can be used as NIs of English perceptual reports, but ‘state’ verbs cannot. This is called “confinement to the active or transient”. But there will be one problem when NIs of English perceptual reports are negatives. This is why the meaning of negative NIs of English perceptual reports may be static, which isn't in line with “confinement to the active or transient”. There are similar problems with ‘state’ NIs of English perceptual reports. In this paper some of these problems can be solved with the “Event Structure” of Pustejovsky(1991). According to Pustejovsky(1991), ‘process’ and ‘transition’ verbs have sub-eventual individuation units, but state verbs have no such units. It is the units that make it possible for ‘process’ and ‘transition’ to be perceived. As a result ‘process’ and ‘transition’ verbs are suitable for NIs of English perceptual reports. Nevertheless, there are still some problems unsolved. Moreover some state verbs are grammatically used as NIs of English perceptual reports. This paper proposes that these state verbs have “potentiality of transition”, and the potentiality comes from only the combination of the two parts of the complement - the subject and the naked infinitive. And the potentiality causes the “Event Structure” of Pustejovsky(1991) to be modified. And this modification makes it possible for us to explain aspect of NIs of English Perceptual Reports. It is concluded with some implication for Korean learners of English as a Foreign Language.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2011

Three-level NPC inverters have been put into practical use for years especially in high voltage high power grids. This paper researches three-level active power filters (APFs). In this paper a mathematical model in the d-q coordinates is presented for 3-phase 3-wire NPC APFs. The deadbeat control scheme is obtained by using state equations. Canceling the delay of one sampling period and providing the predictive value of the harmonic current is a key problem of the deadbeat control. Based on this deadbeat control, the predictive output current value is obtained by the state observer. The delay of one sampling period is remedied in this digital control system by the state observer. The predictive harmonic command current value is obtained by the repetitive predictor synchronously. The repetitive predictor can achieve a better prediction of the harmonic current with the same sampling frequency, thus improving the overall performance of the system. The experiment results indicate that the steady-state accuracy and the dynamic response are both satisfying when the proposed control scheme is implemented.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2015

An active clamp high step-up boost converter with a coupled inductor is proposed in this paper. In the proposed strategy, a coupled inductor is adopted to achieve a high voltage gain. The clamp circuit is included to achieve the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition for both the main and clamp switches. A rectifier composed of a capacitor and a diode is added to reduce the voltage stress of the output rectifier diode. As a result, diodes with a low reverse-recovery time and forward voltage-drop can be utilized. Since the voltage stresses of the main and clamp switches are far below the output voltage, low-voltage-rated MOSFETs can be adopted to reduce conduction losses. Moreover, the reverse-recovery losses of the diodes are reduced due to the inherent leakage inductance of the coupled inductor. Therefore, high efficiency can be expected. Firstly, the derivation of the proposed converter is given and the operation analysis is described. Then, a steady-state performance analysis of the proposed converter is analyzed in detail. Finally, a 250 W prototype is built to verify the analysis. The measured maximum efficiency of the prototype is 95%.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.663-678
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• 2020

Robust semi-active vibration control of wind turbines using tuned mass dampers (TMDs) is a promising technique. This study investigates a 1.5 megawatt wind turbine controlled by eight different types of tuned mass damper systems of equal mass: a passive TMD, a semi-active varying-spring TMD, a semi-active varying-damper TMD, a semi-active varying-damper-and-spring TMD, as well as these four damper systems paired with an additional smaller passive TMD near the mid-point of the tower. The mechanism and controllers for each of these TMD systems are explained, such as employing magnetorheological dampers for the varying-damper TMD cases. The turbine is modelled as a lumped-mass 3D finite element model. The uncontrolled and controlled turbines are subjected to loading and operational cases including service wind loads on operational turbines, seismic loading with service wind on operational turbines, and high-intensity storm wind loads on parked turbines. The displacement and acceleration responses of the tower at the first and second mode shape maxima were used as the performance indicators. Ultimately, it was found that while all the semi-active TMD systems outperformed the passive systems, it was the semi-active varying-damper-and-spring system that was found to be the most effective overall - capable of controlling vibrations about as effectively with only half the mass as a passive TMD. It was also shown that by reducing the mass of the TMD and adding a second smaller TMD below, the vibrations near the mid-point could be greatly reduced at the cost of slightly increased vibrations at the tower top.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.193-200
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• 2000

In this paper, we consider confidence limits for steady state availability of a redundant structure with the function of switchover processing. The system considered in this paper consists of three units which are an active unit, a standby unit and a switchover device. A control module does not affect the performance of the system while the active unit is operating but causes the system failure if the active unit fails at the failure of the control module. The effect of failure of control module is included in our reliability model of the simple redundant structure. The availability of the system is obtained by using the state space method. An example is given to illustrate our results.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.369-386
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• 2006

A combination Aerodynamic/Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AABL) Wind and Gust Tunnel with a unique active gust generation capability has been developed for wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics applications. This facility is a cornerstone component of the Wind Simulation and Testing (WiST) Laboratory of the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Iowa State University (ISU). The AABL Wind and Gust tunnel is primarily a closed-circuit tunnel that can be also operated in open-return mode. It is designed to accommodate two test sections ($2.44m{\times}1.83m$ and $2.44m{\times}2.21m$) with a maximum wind speed capability of 53 m/s. The gust generator is capable of producing non-stationary gust magnitudes around 27% of the mean flow speed. This paper describes the motivation for developing this gust generator and the work related to its design and testing.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.595-600
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• 2002

This paper presents the analyzed results of dynamic characteristics including steady state characteristics of the boost input type ZVS converter using the active clamp circuit by the state space averaging method. From the results, it can be seen that the converter has the 5th order transfer functions and the stable closed loop characteristic is obtained by using the compensated error amplifier with 2-pole and 1-zero. The validity of all analyzed results are verified by measurement.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권8호
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2008

DSTATCOM(distribution static compensator) is one of the custom power devices, and protects a distribution line from unbalanced and harmonic current caused by non-linear and unbalanced loads. Researches about DSTATCOM are mainly divided two parts, one is the calculation of compensation current and the other part is the current control. Conventional researches use a LPF(low pass filter) to eliminate ripple component at the calculation of compensation current. But this method has a problem that LPF's characteristics restrict the compensation performance of instantaneous active and reactive power. This paper proposes a calculation of compensation current using state observer that can be a counterproposal of conventional methods using LPF. Improved performance of instantaneous active and reactive power compensation was shown by experiments.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2014년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.197-198
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 양방향 DC-DC Dual Active Bridge (DAB) 컨버터의 수학적 모델로부터 컨버터의 변압기와 결합 인덕터의 최적 설계 방법을 제안한다. DAB컨버터는 1차 측과 2차 측이 동일한 구조를 가진 고효율 절연형 컨버터로써, Soft Switching이 쉽게 구현되고, 양방향으로 Power를 전달 할 수 있는 장점으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 컨버터는 Solid State Transformer (SST) 용으로 변압기 1차 측과 2차 측의 턴 비가 동일한 구조로써, 최대의 ZVS영역을 확보하고, 전력 변환 효율을 극대화 할 수 있다. 3.3 kW급 시제품을 제작하여 제안하는 컨버터의 타당성을 검증하고자 한다.