• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2005

Nitric Oxide (NO), derived from L-arginine, is produced by two types (constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS: cNOS and iNOS). The NO produced in large amounts by the iNOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock, cancer metastasis and inflammation. The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of herbal drugs which have been used for the treatment of inflammation in oriental medicine. We have screened the inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages after the treatment of these extracts. Among 82 kinds of extracts of herbal drugs, 35 extracts showed the potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50% at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory activities of NO production were also evaluated for several solvent fractions at two different concentrations. Especially, hexane and EtOAc fractions of Alpinia officinarum, Angelica gigas, Ostericum koreanum, Saussurea lappa, Torilis japonica, and hexane fractions of Agrimonia pilosa, Machilus thunbergii, Hydrangea serrata, Magnolia obovata, Prunella vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, and EtOAC fractions of Perilla frutescence showed a significant activity at 10 and/or $25\;{\mu}g/mL$. In Western blot analysis, the hexane fractions ($5\;{\mu}g/mL$) of Magnolia obovata and Saussurea lappa, and EtOAc fractions ($20\;{\mu}g/mL$) of Hydrangea Serrata, Perilla frutescence and Torilis japonica inhibited the expression of iNOS protein in LPS-activated macrophages. These plants may be promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided purification of active compounds and might be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and endotoxemia accompanying overproduction of NO.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1008-1015
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• 2009

최근 다방면에서 효능이 알려지고 있는 로즈마리를 이용하여 apoptosis 유도기전을 해석하기 위하여 인간유래 자궁암 Hela 세포주를 대상으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 로즈마리 분획물 중 hexane층과 chloroform층의 처리 농도 의존적으로 Hela 자궁암세포의 저해활성은 현저하게 감소되었으며 이는 apoptosis 유도와 연관성이 있었다. 로즈마리 분획물 중 hexane층과 chloroform층의 처리에 의하여 apoptosis 억제에 관여하는 Bcl-2 단백질의 발현은 감소되었으며, apoptosis 유도에 관여하는 Bax 유전자의 발현은 농도 의존적으로 증가되었다. 로즈마리 분획물 중 hexane층과 chloroform층의 처리에 의한 apoptosis 유도는 caspase-3, 7, 9 및 PARP의 활성화와 연관성이 있었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.951-962
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• 2015

본 연구는 균핵병의 원인균인 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 대해 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 이엽마두령(Aristolochia tagala Champ.)으로부터 활성물질 분리하였다. 이엽마두령을 MeOH로 추출하여 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 가장 강한 활성을 나타낸 $CHCl_3$ fraction을 column chromatography로 분리하여 43개의 subfraction을 얻었다. 43개의 subfraction을 bioassay한 결과 MYHS26 subfraction에서 강한 활성을 나타내었다. MYHS26 subfraction을 GC-MS로 분석하여 chromatogram 상의 주요 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling한 결과, 2,4-di-tetra-butyl-phenol, 2-monopalmitin, 1-mono-stearin이 주요 물질로 검출되었다. 항균활성물질로 추정되는 1-mono-stearin 화합물의 항균활성을 검정하기 위하여 표준품을 사용하여 생물검정한 결과 이 화합물이 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 이엽마두령으로부터 분리한 1-mono-stearin 화합물이 균핵병의 원인균인 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 대한 항균 활성물질인 것으로 추정되었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.5
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• 2012

$Gynura$ $segetum$ (Lour.) Merr. ($Compositae$) is a well recognized medicinal plant in Indonesia and Malaysia. It is believed to have an anticoagulant effect and is used in treating snake-bites, inflammations and other skin afflictions. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of $Gynura$ $segetum$ leaves extracts and its fractions. The chemical compositions of the active extracts were also determined. The antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts of leaves of $Gynura$ $segetum$ were evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the active subfractions was determined by the tube dilution method. Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify the chemical compositions of the active extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction and its subfraction E4 performed potent antimicrobial activities and fifteen known chemical constituents were identified by GCMS analysis as 4-vinylphenol, 1-tetradecene, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1-hexadecene, E-15-heptadecenal, hexadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester, 1-docosene, octadecanoic acid, 1-eicosene, cyclotetracosane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester, butanedioic acid, monomethyl ester, niacin and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid. The results of this study suggested a connection between the antimicrobial activities and the chemical structures. The plant may be used as a potential source for antimicrobial agents.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 1996

Activation of the T lymphocytes results in a variety of early biochemical events ultimately leading to cell proliferation and lymphokine production. Stimulation of the signal transduction cascade in T cells through the T cell receptor coincides with activation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) pathway. Therefore, we have established a model system to screen immune-simulator that can increase the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in human T cell leukemia Jurkat cells. As a result of screening from herbal medicine extract, 4 extracts (O1ibanum, Ephedrae Herba, Real Gar, Saussureae Radix) were found 14 increase the production of inositol phosphates. All the active fraction from the four kinds of extract were fluted in a different retention time on C-18 HPLC and these active fraction also showed difference in cell specificity. And all the active fractions increased DNA synthesis in T cell. Therefore, it is suggested that the active fraction among 4 extracts might contain a compound having different properties one another.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 등수국 잎 추출물의 항염 및 항균 활성을 확인하고 유효성분을 분리하여 화학구조를 동정하였다. RAW 264.7 세포를 이용한 항염 활성 실험 결과, n-hexane (Hex) 및 ethyl acetate (EtOAc) 분획물이 세포 독성 없이 nitric oxide (NO)의 생성 및 iNOS 단백질의 발현을 농도의존적으로 억제시키는 것을 확인하였다. 추가적인 항염 기전 연구 결과, n-Hex 및 EtOAc 분획물이 전염증성 cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6)의 생성을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 표피포도상구균과 여드름균을 이용한 활성 실험 결과, 추출물 및 n-Hex, EtOAc, n-butanol (BuOH) 분획물에서 항균 활성이 나타났다. n-Hex 및 EtOAc 분획물의 활성 성분을 규명하기 위해 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여 4 개의 화합물을 분리하였다; phytol (1), corosolic acid (2), asiatic acid (3) 및 1-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). 이들 화합물은 모두 등수국에서 처음으로 분리된 물질이다. 또한 HPLC 분석을 통해 등수국 잎 추출물에서 분리된 화합물의 함량을 측정한 결과 phytol (1) 이 27.8 mg/g 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 등수국 잎 추출물을 이용한 항염 및 항균 효과를 갖는 천연 화장품 소재로의 개발이 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 1995

Inhibitory effects of 130 medicinal plants on hyaluronidase activity were analyzed. The medicinal plants are clinically used as herbal medicines for korean traditional prescriptions. Six out of the 130 herbal medicines exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on hyaluronidase activity by their total methanol extracts with 5mg/ml as a final concentration. The active total methanol extracts were prepared from cortex of Acantbopanax gracilistylus, lignum of Caesalpinia sappan, radix of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, radicis cortex of Morus alba, herba of Prunella vulgaris, and radix of Sanguisorba officinalis. These active total methanol extracts were sequentially fractionated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and then water. Among the solvent-fractionated extracts, the butanol fractions of Acantbopanax gracilistylus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis with 1 mg/ml as the final concentration exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on hyaluronidase activity, and the other fractions with the same concentration did less than 20% of inhibition.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

A rat chemokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) has chemotactic and activating properties to neutrophils. Rat kidney epithelioid NRK-52E cells contained 4 ng/ml of ClNC-1 as a basal level and their CINC-1 production was significantly increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli. Maximal induction of ClNC-1 was 58 ng/ml when 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LPS was treated to the NRK-52E cells. Inhibitory effects on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells by extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea were analyzed. At the final concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ , 9 species out of 304 species of herbal extracts exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on the CINC-1 induction. The active extracts prepared from Artemisia argyi, Lythrum salicaria, Machilus thunbergii, Magnolia sieboldii, Nelumbo nucifera, Prunus persica, Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Tripterygium regelii have been sequentially fractionated to obtain methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous layers. Among solvent fractions of the active herbal extracts, methylene chloride fractions of Artemisia argyi and Magnolia sieboldii exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.909-915
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• 1997

The nitrite scavenging effect of methanol extracts of marine algae were evaluated to discover new natural nitrite scavengers. Among the tested seaweeds, Ecklonia stolonifera, an edible brown algae, showed the strongest scavenging effect. The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned into $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble interface, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ layers. The EtOAc and n-BuOH fraction demonstrated high levels of nitrite-scavenging activity while the $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble interface, and $H_2O$ fractions were inactive. A column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction through silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol and a new compound tentatively named phlorotannin A. The nitrite scavenging activity of phloroglucinol $(IC_{50}=3.9{\mu}g/ml)$ was more potent than that of L-ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=65.0{\mu}g/ml)$. However, phlorotannin A $(IC_{50}=193.2{\mu}g/ml)$ showed only low levels of activity. From the above results, it is possible to suggest that both the MeOH extract and their fractions and isolated phloroglucinol and phlorotannin A obtained from E. stolonifera may be applicable as scavengers of nitrite, which is a precursor for the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2005

Seven brown algal species (Ecklonia cava, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum coreanum, Sargassum thunbergii and Scytosiphon lomentaria) were hydrolyzed using five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) and screened for angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Most algal species examined showed good ACE inhibitory activities after the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, E. cava was the most potent ACE inhibitor of the seven species. Flavourzyme digest of E. cava exhibited an $IC_{50}$ of around $0.3\;{\mu}g/mL$ for ACE; captopril has an $IC_{50}$ of $\~0.05\;{\mu}g/mL$. The Flavourzyme digest was separated to three fractions by an ultrafiltration membrane (5, 10, 30 kDa MWCO) system according to the molecular weights. The active components were mainly concentrated in >30 kD fraction which are composed of the highest protein content $(27\%)$ and phenolic content (261 mg/100 mL) compared to the other two smaller molecular weight fractions. Therefore, the active compounds appear to be relatively high molecular weight complex molecules associated with protein (glycoprotein) and polyphenols. Therefore, E. cave is a potential source of antihypertensive compound.